简介：与构造进化结合了，一个多同位素的方法(D，18O，87Sr/86Sr和14C)并且hydrochemistry数据被用来在Guanzhong盆学习地热的水的起源和分类。当接受时，Xianli梯田的地热的水首先来自西北方向的学习表演再装。Xian城市里的地热的水的小数量供应来源从Qinling山和主要供应来源来自西方方向，而是地热的水Changan区域主要从Qinling接受供应山。基于地热的环境是开的，水岩石相互作用的度，和地热的水的起源，学习区域的地热的水能被划分成四种类型：A，Gushi消沉的地热的水，完美的关上的热环境和重要水岩石相互作用，属于剩余沉积的水起源；B，Xianyang城市的地热的水，好关上的环境和相对重要的水岩石相互作用，属于剩余与石块沥滤混合的沉积的水起源水；C，Xian城市的地热的水，半关上的环境和某水岩石相互作用，属于的石块沥滤水起源；D，Changan区域的地热的水，开的环境并且与现代降水混合了，属于的石块沥滤水起源。

简介：这份报纸建议在命名实体之间的语义关系察觉和分类(RDC)的一个树核方法。它在RDC的以前的树核方法解决二个批评问题。首先，一个新树内核被介绍更好由与上下文易感知并且子树的近似匹配启用标准卷绕旋转树内核在一棵分析树上捕获固有的结构的信息。第二，充实的分析树结构被建议很好导出必要结构的信息，例如，合适的潜伏的注解，从一棵分析树。ACERDC语料库上的评估证明新树核和充实的分析树结构显著地作出贡献到RDC和我们大部分超过最先进的树核方法。

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简介：Acutemyeloidleukemia(AML)isageneticallyheterogeneousmyeloidmalignancythatoccursmorecommonlyinadults,andhasanincreasingincidence,mostlikelyduetoincreasingage.PrecisediagnosticclassificationofAMLrequiresclinicalandpathologicinformation,thelatterincludingmorphologic,immunophenotypic,cytogeneticandmoleculargeneticanalysis.RiskstratificationinAMLrequirescytogeneticsevaluationasthemostimportantpredictor,withgeneticmutationsprovidingadditionalnecessaryinformation.AMLwithnormalcytogeneticscomprisesabout40%-50%ofallAML,andhasbeenintensivelyinvestigated.Thecurrentlyused2008WorldHealthOrganizationclassificationofhematopoieticneoplasmshasbeenproposedtobeupdatedin2016,alsotoincludeanupdateontheclassificationofAML,duetothecontinuouslyincreasingapplicationofgenomictechniquesthathaveledtomajoradvancesinourknowledgeofthepathogenesisofAML.ThepurposeofthisreviewistodescribesomeoftheserecentmajoradvancesinthediagnosticclassificationandriskstratificationofAML.

简介：Theclassificationaccuracyofthevariouscategoriesontheclassifiedremotelysensedimagesareusuallyevaluatedbytwodifferentmeasuresofaccuracy,namely,producer'saccuracy(PA)anduser'saccuracy(UA).ThePAofacategoryindicatestowhatextentthereferencepixelsofthecategoryarecorrectlyclassified,whereastheUAofacategoryrepresentstowhatextenttheothercategoriesarelessmisclassifiedintothecategoryinquestion.Therefore,theUAofthevariouscategoriesdeterminesthereliabilityoftheirinterpretationontheclassifiedimageandismoreimportanttotheanalystthanthePA.ThepresentinvestigationhasbeenperformedinordertodetermineifthereoccursimprovementintheUAofthevariouscategoriesontheclassifiedimageoftheprincipalcomponentsoftheoriginalbandsandontheclassifiedimageofthestackedimageoftwodifferentyears.WeperformedtheanalysesusingtheIRSLISSIIIimagesoftwodifferentyears,i.e.,1996and2009,thatrepresentthedifferentmagnitudeofurbanizationandthestackedimageofthesetwoyearspertainingtoRanchiarea,Jharkhand,India,withaviewtoassessingtheimpactsofurbanizationontheUAofthedifferentcategories.TheresultsoftheinvestigationdemonstratedthatthereoccurssignificantimprovementintheUAoftheimperviouscategoriesintheclassifiedimageofthestackedimage,whichisattributabletotheaggregationofthespectralinformationfromtwicethenumberofbandsfromtwodifferentyears.Ontheotherhand,theclassifiedimageoftheprincipalcomponentsdidnotshowanyimprovementintheUAascomparedtotheoriginalimages.

简介：AcomputationalsystemforthepredictionandclassificationofhumanG-proteincoupledreceptors(GPCRs)hasbeendevelopedbasedonthesupportvectormachine(SVM)methodandproteinsequenceinformation.ThefeaturevectorsusedtodeveloptheSVMpredictionmodelsconsistofstatisticallysignificantfeaturesselectedfromsingleaminoacid,dipeptide,andtripeptidecompositionsofproteinsequences.Furthermore,thelengthdistributiondifferencebetweenGPCRsandnon-GPCRshasalsobeenexploitedtoimprovethepredictionperformance.ThetestingresultswithannotatedhumanproteinsequencesdemonstratethatthissystemcangetgoodperformanceforbothpredictionandclassificationofhumanGPCRs.

简介：Objectives:Facialnerveaberrationisthemosttroublesomesituationincongenitalmalformationsofmiddleear.Theaimofourstudyistoinvestigateitsimagingandclinicalfeaturesaswellasrelevantchoiceofsurgicaltechniquesforhearingimprovement.Methods:Aretrospectivestudyinvolvingreviewofclinicaldataof227patients(256ears)withcongenitalmiddleearanomalywasundertaken,includingpreoperativecomputedtomography(CT)data,surgicalrecordsandvideos.Results:Aberrationinvolvingintratemporalfacialnervewasfoundin82/256ears(32.03%)withcongenitalmiddleearanomaly.Themostcommonformsofaberrationincludedoverhangingovertheovalwindow(50/82ears,60.98%),bifurcation(3/82ears,3.66%)andtransverseoverthepromontory(3/82ears,3.66%),countingfor68.29%(56/82)ofthecaseswithfacialnerveaberration.Concomitantstapesmalformationwasfoundin76/82ears(92.68%)andatresiaorstenosisoftheovalwindowin27/82ears(32.93%).In9/82ears(10.98%)bothstapesandovalwindowwasabsent.Electivesurgeriesforthepurposeofhearingimprovementincludedstapodotomy+pistonimplantation,labyrinthotomy,labyrinthotomy+totalossicularreplacementprosthesis(TORP)implantationandVibrantSoundbridge(VSB)implantation.Conclusion:Themajorityoffacialnerveaberrationincongenitalmalformationofmiddleearinvolvesdisplacementoffacialnerve,inadditiontoconcomitantmalformationsofthestapesand/orovalwindow,whichmayinfluencethechoiceofsurgeryforhearingimprovement.VSBimplantationmaybeconsideredasausefuloption.

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简介：DuringthegreatWenchuanearthquake,about460permanentfree-fieldstationsinNationalStrongMotionObservationNetworkSystem(NSMONS)ofChinacapturedthemainshockaccelerationrecords.Theserecordscanbeappliedtositeeffectanalyses,andthenthesiteclassificationofthosepermanentstationscanbecarriedoutfirstly,whichwillservedasthefundamentalinformationforfurtherresearch.Inthispaper,thesiteofnear-faultstationsisclassifiedbyhorizontal-to-verticalspectralratio(HVSR)methodaccordingtothesiteclassdescriptionofJapanearthquakeresistantdesigncodeandresponsespectralshapes(RSS)methodfollowingthesiteclassdescriptionofthe1997UniformBuildingCode(UBC)provisions.Thenbasedonthedetailedboreholedataofthosefree-fieldstations,theequivalentshearwavevelocityandoverburdenthicknessarecalculatedandthesiteclassificationsaregivenbyChinesecodeforseismicdesignofbuildings.Furthermore,forthestationshavingsuccessfulmicrotremortestdata,thesitedominantperiodsarecomputedtoverifytheresultsofsiteclassification.Finally,combinedwithalltheaboveresults,therecommendedsiteclassesofnear-faultpermanentfree-fieldstationsaregiven.

简介：Preferentialflowistheordinaryphenomenonofrapidandnon-equilibriumtransportofwaterandsolutesoccurringinmostsoil.Itcauseslatentpollutionofgroundandsurfacewatersandaffectsrunoffyieldandflowconcentration.ThispaperstudiespreferentialflowforadarkconiferousecosystemintheupperreachareaoftheYangtzeRiver,establishesaclassificationforthepreferentialflowanddiscussestypesofpreferentialflowwithasoilcolumnexperimentusingahomemadeapparatusanddye-traceranalysis.Thepreferentialflowismainlyunsaturatedgravitationalflowintheupperlayeroftheslopedepositformatureforestsoil,whichisdominatedbyawetnessfront,andtheflowgraduallytransformstomacroporousflowasthesoillayerdeepens.Theobservedpreferentialflowintheyoung,middle-agedandover-matureforeststhathavegrownonglaciallateralmorainesismacroporousflow.ThepurposeofthisresearchistoanalyzesystemicallythebehaviorofsoilwatermovementforadarkconiferousforestecosystemintheupperreachareaoftheYangtzeRiverandtoprovideatheoreticalbasisforeffectivewatershedmanagement.

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简介：Shannonentropyintimedomainisameasureofsignalorsystemuncertainty.Whenbasedonspectrumentropy,Shannonentropycanbetakenasameasureofsignalorsystemcomplexity.Therefore,waveletanalysisbasedonwaveletentropymeasurecansignifythecomplexityofnon-steadysignalorsysteminbothtimeandfrequencydomain.Inthispaper,inordertomeettherequirementsofpost-analysisonabundantwavelettransformresultdataandtheneedofinformationmergence,thebasicdefinitionofwaveletentropymeasureisproposed,correspondingalgorithmsofseveralwaveletentropies,suchaswaveletaverageentropy,wavelettime-frequencyentropy,waveletdistanceentropy,etc.areputforward,andthephysicalmeaningsoftheseentropiesareanalyzedaswell.TheapplicationprincipleofwaveletentropymeasureinElectroEncephaloGraphy(EEG)signalanalysis,mechanicalfaultdiagnosis,faultdetectionandclassificationinpowersystemareanalyzed.Finally,takethetransmissionlinefaultdetectioninpowersystemforexample,simulationsintwodifferentsystems,a10kVautomaticblockingandcontinuouspowertransmissionlineanda500kVExtraHighVoltage(EHV)transmissionline,arecarriedout,andthetwomethods,waveletentropyandwaveletmodulusmaxima,arecompared,theresultsshowfeasibilityandapplicationprospectofthesixwaveletentro-pies.

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简介：AbstractAround 450 million people are affected by pneumonia every year, which results in 2.5 million deaths. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has also affected 181 million people, which led to 3.92 million casualties. The chances of death in both of these diseases can be significantly reduced if they are diagnosed early. However, the current methods of diagnosing pneumonia (complaints + chest X-ray) and Covid-19 (real-time polymerase chain reaction) require the presence of expert radiologists and time, respectively. With the help of deep learning models, pneumonia and Covid-19 can be detected instantly from chest X-rays or computerized tomography (CT) scans. The process of diagnosing pneumonia/Covid-19 can become faster and more widespread. In this paper, we aimed to elicit, explain, and evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively all advancements in deep learning methods aimed at detecting community-acquired pneumonia, viral pneumonia, and Covid-19 from images of chest X-rays and CT scans. Being a systematic review, the focus of this paper lies in explaining various deep learning model architectures, which have either been modified or created from scratch for the task at hand. For each model, this paper answers the question of why the model is designed the way it is, the challenges that a particular model overcomes, and the tradeoffs that come with modifying a model to the required specifications. A grouped quantitative analysis of all models described in the paper is also provided to quantify the effectiveness of different models with a similar goal. Some tradeoffs cannot be quantified and, hence, they are mentioned explicitly in the qualitative analysis, which is done throughout the paper. By compiling and analyzing a large quantum of research details in one place with all the data sets, model architectures, and results, we aimed to provide a one-stop solution to beginners and current researchers interested in this field.

简介：Purpose:Thisstudyaimstocompareadolescents’cardiometabolicriskscorethroughanintegrativeclassificationofphysicalactivity(PA),whichinvolvesthecombinationofmoderate-to-vigorousphysicalactivity(MVPA)andsedentarybehavior(SB).Methods:Across-sectionalstudyderivedfromtheHealthyLifestyleinEuropebyNutritioninAdolescenceCross-SectionalStudydatabase(2006-2008)wasconductedinadolescents(n=548;boys,47.3%;14.7±1.2years)from10Europeancities.MVPAandSBwereobjectivelymeasuredusingaccelerometry.Adolescentsweredividedinto4categoriesaccordingtoMVPA(meetingornotmeetingtheinternationalrecommendations)andthemedianofSBtime(aboveorbelowsex-andage-specificmedian)asfollows:High-SB&Inactive,Low-SB&Inactive,High-SB&Active,andLow-SB&Active.Aclusteredcardiometabolicriskscorewascomputedusingthehomeostaticmodelassessment,systolicbloodpressure,triglycerides,totalcholesterol/high-densitylipoproteincholesterol,sum4skinfolds,andcardiorespiratoryfitness(CRF).AnalysesofcovariancewereperformedtodiscerndifferencesoncardiometabolicriskscoresamongPAcategoriesandeachhealthcomponent.Results:ThecardiometabolicriskscorewaslowerinadolescentsmeetingtheMVPArecommendationandwithlesstimespentinSBincomparisontothehigh-SB&Inactivegroup(p<0.05).However,nodifferenceincardiometabolicriskscorewasestablishedbetweenHigh-SBorLow-SBgroupsininactiveadolescents.ItisimportanttonotethatCRFwastheonlyvariablethatshowedasignificantmodification(higher)whenchildrenwerecomparedfromthecategoryofphysicallyinactivewith"active"butnotfromhigh-tolow-SB.Conclusion:Beingphysicallyactiveisthemostsignificantandprotectiveoutcomeinadolescentstoreducecardiometabolicrisk.LowerSBdoesnotexhibitasignificantandextrabeneficialdifference.

简介：Asanimportantnon-ferrousmetalstructuralmaterialmostusedinindustryandproduction,aluminum(Al)alloyshowsitsgreatvalueinthenationaleconomyandindustrialmanufacturing.HowtoclassifyAlalloyrapidlyandaccuratelyisasignificant,popularandmeaningfultask.Classificationmethodsbasedonlaser-inducedbreakdownspectroscopy(LIBS)havebeenreportedinrecentyears.AlthoughLIBSisanadvanceddetectiontechnology,itisnecessarytocombineitwithsomealgorithmtoreachthegoalofrapidandaccurateclassification.Asanimportantmachinelearningmethod,therandomforest(RF)algorithmplaysagreatroleinpatternrecognitionandmaterialclassification.ThispaperintroducesarapidclassificationmethodofAlalloybasedonLIBSandtheRFalgorithm.TheresultsshowthatthebestaccuracythatcanbereachedusingthismethodtoclassifyAlalloysamplesis98.59%,theaverageofwhichis98.45%.ItalsorevealsthroughtherelationshiplawsthattheaccuracyvarieswiththenumberoftreesintheRFandthesizeofthetrainingsamplesetintheRF.Accordingtothelaws,researcherscanfindouttheoptimizedparametersintheRFalgorithminordertoachieve,asexpected,agoodresult.TheseresultsprovethatLIBSwiththeRFalgorithmcanexactlyclassifyAlalloyeffectively,preciselyandrapidlywithhighaccuracy,whichobviouslyhassignificantpracticalvalue.

简介：Basedonthetropicalcyclone(TC)observationsinthewesternNorthPacificfrom2000to2008,thispaperadoptstheparticleswarmoptimization(PSO)algorithmofevolutionarycomputationtooptimizeonecomprehensiveclassificationrule,andapplytheoptimizedclassificationruletotheforecastingofTCintensitychange.Intheprocessoftheoptimization,thestrategyofhierarchicalpruninghasbeenadoptedinthePSOalgorithmtonarrowthesearcharea,andthustoenhancethelocalsearchability,i.e.hierarchicalPSOalgorithm.TheTCintensityclassificationruleinvolvescoreattributesincluding12-HMWS,MPI,andRainratewhichplayvitalrolesinTCintensitychange.ThetestingaccuracyusingthenewminedrulebyhierarchicalPSOalgorithmreaches89.6%.ThecurrentstudyshowsthatthenovelclassificationmethodforTCintensitychangeanalysisbasedonhierarchicPSOalgorithmisnotonlyeasytoexplainthesourceofrulecoreattributes,butalsohasgreatpotentialtoimprovetheforecastingofTCintensitychange.

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简介：Anewapproachtoknowledgeacquisitioninincompleteinformationsystemwithfuzzydecisionsisproposed.Insuchincompleteinformationsystem,theuniverseofdiscourseisclassifiedbythemaximaltoleranceclasses,andfuzzyapproximationsaredefinedbasedonthem.Threetypesofrelativereductsofmaximaltoleranceclassesarethenproposed,andthreetypesoffuzzydecisionrulesbasedontheproposedattributedescriptionaredefined.ThejudgmenttheoremsandapproximationdiscernibilityfunctionswithrespecttothemarepresentedtocomputetherelativereductbyusingBooleanreasoningtechniques,fromwhichwecanderiveoptimalfuzzydecisionrulesfromthesystems.Atlast,threetypesofrelativereductsofthesystemandtheircomputingmethodsaregiven.

简介：Background:Successionalpaludification,adynamicprocessthatleadstotheformationofpeatlands,isinfluencedbyclimaticfactorsandsitefeaturessuchassurficialdepositsandsoiltexture.Inborealregions,projectedclimatechangeandcorrespondingmodificationsinnaturalfireregimesareexpectedtoinfluencethepaludificationprocessandforestdevelopment.TheobjectiveofthisstudywastoforecastthedevelopmentofborealpaludifiedforestsinnortheasternNorthAmericainrelationtoclimatechangeandmodificationsinthenaturalfireregimefortheperiod2011–2100.Methods:Apaludificationindexwasbuiltusingstatic(e.g.surficialdepositsandsoiltexture)anddynamic(e.g.moistureregimeandsoilorganiclayerthickness)standscalefactorsavailablefromforestmaps.Theindexconsideredtheeffectsofthreetemperatureincreasescenarios(i.e.+1°C,+3°Cand+6°C)andprogressivelydecreasingfirecycle(from300yearsfor2011–2041,to200yearsfor2071–2100)onpeataccumulationrateandsoilorganiclayer(SOL)thicknessatthestandlevel,andpaludificationatthelandscapelevel.Results:Ourindexshowthatinthecontextwhereintheabsenceoffirethelandscapecontinuestopaludify,thenegativeeffectofclimatechangeonpeataccumulationresultedinlittlemodificationtoSOLthicknessatthestandlevel,andnochangeinthepaludificationlevelofthestudyareabetween2011and2100.However,includingdecreasingfirecycletotheindexresultedindeclinesinpaludifiedarea.Overall,theindexpredictsaslighttomoderatedecreaseintheareacoveredbypaludifiedforestsin2100,withslowerratesofpaludification.Conclusions:Slowerpaludificationratesimplygreaterforestproductivityandagreaterpotentialforforestharvest,butalsoagraduallossofopenpaludifiedstands,whichcouldimpactthecarbonbalanceinpaludifiedlandscapes.Nonetheless,asthethickSphagnumlayertypicalofpaludifiedforestsmayprotectsoilorganiclayerfromdroughtanddeepburns,asignificantprop