简介:摘要随着社会进步和人们健康意识的觉醒,人口老龄化问题的不断加剧,人们对于提升医疗技术、延长人类寿命、增强健康的需求也更加急迫。而实践中却存在着医疗资源分配不均,药物研制周期长、费用高,以及医务人员培养成本过高等问题。与此同时,图像识别、深度学习、神经网络等关键技术的突破带来了人工智能(ArtificialIntelligence)技术新一轮的发展。对于医疗进步的现实需求极大地刺激并推动了以数据密集、知识密集、脑力劳动密集为特征的医疗产业与人工智能的深度融合。本文在智能医疗国内外的发展热度不断提升的背景下,主要介绍了智能医疗的应用场景及国内外研究人工智能在医疗领域的应用实例,以期提高人们对人工智能在医疗领域应用的重视和发展投入。
简介:由于骨性关节炎和类风湿性关节炎常同时侵犯膝关节,导致关节功能障碍,需要行人工关节置换术。人工膝关节置换手术,是治疗膝关节严重性关节炎类风湿性关节炎等疾病的有效手段。其手术目的为解除疼痛恢复膝关节的运动功能和稳定性,提高生活质量。我科自2008年至今共有人工膝关节置换术20例,术后经过精心护理,取得了满意的疗效。现将护理体会报告如下:1临床资料本组20例,共25个膝关节,男8例,女12例,年龄52~78岁,平均63岁,单膝关节置换15例,双膝关节置换5例。2护理2.1术前护理:①评估全身情况:老年人身体各器官功能逐渐衰退,对手术承受能力相对较差,因此要了解患者的一般情况和全身健康状况、既往史、药物史、过敏史。膝关节的功能,关节周围皮肤有无破损及感染,患者的心理状况及经济承受能力等。②心理护理:患者因年龄较大,对手术产生恐惧、紧张、不安心理,因此在患者入院后护理人员应详细的向其讲解手术的目的、方法及术后的康复程序、注意事项、同时介绍成功的病例,使其消除紧张焦虑感,增强战胜疾病的信心,积极配合治疗及护理。③适应性训练:根据病人具体情况,指导病人练习股四头肌静力收缩、直腿抬高运动及踝关节抗阻力运动,并进行床上大小便的...
简介:目的:探讨人工全髋关节翻修在临床应用的原因分析;方法:1999年5月~2008年1月共有54例患者在我院行人工全髋关节翻修术,其中男性67例,女性33例,年龄最大79岁,最小38岁(平均56.7岁),其中人工全髋关节置换24例,人工股骨头置换30例,假体柄松动41例,假体臼松动33例,假体柄断裂4例,首次关节置换手术后翻修时问最短9个月,最长20年,翻修术后平均随访时间为1年4月;结果:54例中有4例术后发生感染,2例经换药后好转,1例转为窦道,换药不愈合,1例术后4个月发生感染,二次于术,其余患者疗效满意,根据Chamlev人工全髋关节置换术后疗效评价标准Ⅵ级18例,V级22例,Ⅳ级8例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅱ级3例,无I级病例。术后所有患者生活均可自理。结论:对于人工关节置换术后假体松动等原因造成患者功能障碍,影响正常生活的患者行人工全髋关节翻修术是一种有效的方法,但应掌握严格的手术适应证,针对不同原因造成的翻修采用不同的方法进行手术,掌握熟练的髋关节置换技术是手术成功的关键。
简介: 【摘要】目的:分析人工流产后即刻放置不同避孕环对预防再次怀孕及人工流产的效果。方法:选取 2018年 1月至 2020年 1月于本院收治的 96例人工流产患者进行分析,患者经人工流产后即刻放置避孕环,根据避孕环不同分为参照组、研究组,分别放置花式宫内节育器、吉妮致美节育环,后比较两组患者避孕环放置情况、带环妊娠、上环后环脱落及带环后不适症状情况。结果:两组患者上环时间、术后 2h出血量、术后出血时间等指标结果无显著差异( P>0.05) ;两组患者带环妊娠率、上环后环脱落率对比无显著差异( P>0.05) ;研究组患者不适症状发生率 4.17%显著低于参照组的 35.42%( P<0.05)。结论:人工流产患者流产后即刻放置花式宫内节育器、吉妮致美节育环均能有效预防再次怀孕及人工流产,且放置吉妮致美节育环的安全性更高,患者带环后不适症状更少。 【关键词】人工流产 ;即刻放置 ;带环妊娠 ;术后出血 [Abstract] Objective: to analyze the effect of different contraceptive rings placed immediately after induced abortion on preventing second pregnancy and induced abortion. Methods: 96 cases of induced abortion in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected for analysis. After induced abortion, the patients were immediately placed with contraceptive rings. According to the different contraceptive rings, they were divided into reference group and research group. They were placed with fancy IUD and Ginny's IUD respectively, and then compared with the two groups in terms of contraceptive ring placement, pregnancy with rings, falling off of the back ring of the upper ring and no rings Symptoms. Results: there was no significant difference between the two groups in the time of upper ring, the amount of bleeding 2 hours after operation and the time of bleeding (P > 0.05); there was no significant difference between the two groups in the rate of pregnancy with ring and the rate of falling off of the upper ring (P > 0.05); the incidence of discomfort in the study group was 4.17%, which was significantly lower than that in the reference group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: it is effective to prevent the second pregnancy and induced abortion by placing a fancy IUD and a Gini induced contraceptive ring immediately after the abortion, and the safety of placing a Gini induced contraceptive ring is higher, and the discomfort symptoms of the patients with the IUD are less.