简介:摘要随着注CO2气体时间的延长和注入量的增加,剖面均衡性变差,注入的CO2气体前沿缘会沿高渗透条带突进,导致油井采出流体中CO2含量远超出最初的开发预测数据,导致部分油井井口出油温度过低,甚至造成井筒冻堵。建立CO2原油混合体系在井筒流动中的温度、压力耦合模型,编制“井筒流动温度和压力耦合计算软件”,分析了CO2摩尔分数、日产油量及井深对井口采出液温度的影响。结果表明,随着CO2摩尔分数增加,井口采出液温度降低;相同CO2摩尔分数下,随着井深、日产油量的增加,井口采出液温度均表现为逐渐增加的趋势。此外,该软件界面友好,方便现场人员操作,具有一定的工程实际价值。
简介:OnthebasisofMARKAL-MACROmodelof'Energy-Economy-Environment'systemandKeyfitzmodelofdemography,energydemandinChinainthefuturewascalculated.Threescenarioswereputforwardtakingintoaccountofenergyefficiency,energystructureandrestrictionofclimatechange.CO2EmissionsinChinawillreachpeakvalue11.85Gtin2042inreferencescenario;10.75Gtin2036inoptimizedscenario;and9.47Gtin2031inrestrictionscenarioofclimatechange.Comparewithreferencescenario,carbonemissionsinrestrictionscenarioofclimatechangewilldeclineby2.38Gt,andpeaktimewillbellyearsearlier.Withthedevelopmentofurbanizationandindustrialization,carbonemissionsfromelectricpower,cement,steelwillrisegraduallythengodown;butemissionsfromtrafficwillgoupcontinuouslybecauseoftheincreaseofvehiclefleet.
简介:Inthisstudy,apoly(etherblockamide)(Pebax1657)compositemembraneappliedforCO2capturewaspreparedbycoatingPebax1657solutiononpolyacrylonitrile(PAN)ultrafiltrationmembrane.Ethanol/watermixturewasusedasthesolventofPebaxandtheeffectsofethanol/watermassratiosandPebaxconcentrationonthepermeationpropertiesofcompositemembranewerestudied.Toenhancethecompositemembranepermeance,thegutterlayer,madefromreactiveaminosiliconecrosslinkingwithpolydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),wasdesigned.Theinfluenceofcrosslinkingdegreeofthegutterlayeronmembraneperformancewasinvestigated.Asaresult,aPebax/aminoPDMS/PANmultilayermembranewithhexaneresistancewasdeveloped,showingCO2permeanceof350GPUandCO2/N2selectivityover50.Theblendofpolyethyleneglycoldimethylether(PEG-DME)withPebaxascoatingmaterialwasstudiedtofurtherimprovethemembraneperformance.AfterbeingcombinedwithPEG-DMEadditive,CO2permeanceofthefinalPebax-PEG-DME/amino-PDMS/PANcompositemembranereached400GPUabovewithCO2/N2selectivityover65.
简介:摘要应用二氧化碳激光机治疗848例宫颈糜烂患者,宫颈糜烂是慢性子宫颈炎中最常见的一种。应用二氧化碳治疗宫颈疾病,收效较好。我院应用二氧化碳激光机治疗慢性宫颈炎848例。效果良好,报道如下。
简介:IntheautomaticCO2arcwelding,thealterationoftheverticaldistancebetweentheweldingtorchandtheworkpiecehasastrongeffectontheweldingparameterssuchasweldingcurrentandvoltage,withtheresultthattheappearanceandqualityofweldarenotsteady.Toweakentheinfluenceofthedistancealteration,amethodisputforwardinthepaper.Themethodisthatthealternatewire-feedcontrolisusedforcompensatingtheweldingcurrent.Onthebasisoftheoreticalanalysis,astaticnumericalmodelforalternatewire-feedcontrolisestablished.Theexperimentsshowthatthemodel-basedregulationofthewirefeedratecancompensatetheweldingcurrentandensuretheappearanceofweld.Whenthealterationofverticaldistancebetweenthetorchandtheworkpieceisgreater,notonlyisthewirefeedrateregulated,buttheoutputvoltageofthepowersourceisadjustedtoensuretheappearanceandqualityofweld.
简介:[ 摘要 ]松南腰英台气田是高产出二氧化碳气田,为了解决降低松南气田碳排放问题,提出改善邻近腰英台油田特低渗高含水裂缝发育油藏水驱开发效果,同时为特低渗高含水储层 CO2驱油提高采收率探索经验, 2011年起在腰西 DB33区块开展了 CO2非混相驱先导试验,现场实施分为连续注气和水气交替两个主要阶段。松南气田为腰英台油田注 CO2试验提供了充分的前提条件,并且很好地解决了松南气田天然气中 CO2 不能直接排放到大气层的问题。通过对试验区生产动态变化研究,总结出气驱收效时间与效果,注气受效后产出物的变化规律研究,为在今后特低渗油田注 CO2开发提供了科学借鉴。
简介:近几年,电子产品朝轻,薄,短,小化迅速发展,印制线路板也随着这股潮流朝向高密度封装方向发展。尤其是积层板总数的增加和导通孔以及连接盘的小径化也日益显著。对于积层线路板而言,用来加工层间连接的盲通孔(BVH)的激光方法取决于导通孔和连接盘径。激光器分为CO2激光和UV-Yag激光两种。导通孔径为60μm以上时,则一般用CO2激光加工。由于铜在CO2激光的波长(9.3μm~10.3μm)领域中的吸收比很低,因此"保形法"(在表面铜箔上,蚀刻出需要的加工孔径(开铜窗),再以激光打掉树脂)成为了现在的主流。然而,由于保形法需要蚀刻开铜窗,因此增加了形成图形的工序,而且导通孔的定位取决于下层的定位标记,容易发生错位。随着积层板层数的增加,导通孔和连接盘的小径化发展,越来越需要提高加工速度和定位精度。因此,同时对铜和树脂进行加工的"直接钻孔法"开始被关注。直接钻孔法是根据格柏数据进行导通孔的定位,因此,即使导通孔/连接盘径越趋小型化,也不会发生错位,是一种能够推进多层化,高密度化的先端技术。本文讲述了以直接钻孔法形成高可靠度导通孔时所需的技术和药品。
简介:ThispaperpresentsabriefoverviewofCO2reformingofCH4(CRM)byvariousformsof'arc'plasma,whichismoresuitabletoCRM,andtheenergyefficiencyisusedtoevaluatedifferentplasmaprocessesspecifically.Accordingtothereportedresults,thearcthermalplasmawithbinodeexhibitedbetterperformance.Moreover,theplasmaCRMprocesswascomparedwiththereportedplasmasteamreformingofCH4(SRM)process,andtheresultsshowedthattheformerprocesshasadvantagesonenergyefficiencyandCH4consumption.Additionally,itisbelievedthattheplasmaCRMprocesswouldbecompetitivewiththeconventionalSRMprocessinbothenergyefficiencyandCO2emissiononcetheheatmanagementisemphasizedandtherenewablepowerisused.Finally,aconceptofplasmareactorforindustrialapplicationisproposed.
简介:CO2emissionofthesteelindustrytakesupagreatproportionofthetotalemissionoftheworld.ItisnecessarytoreducetheCO2intensityofsteelproductsinordertosaveenergy,protecttheenvironmentandkeepasustainabledevelopmentinthesteelindustry.Basedontheresearchofsteelproducts'lifecycleinventory,thosewhoconductedthisresearchhavefocusedontheanalysisofCO2emissionfactorsandmeasures.Adoptingthelifecycleinventorymodelofacertainsteelmakingsite,togetherwiththeTornadoChart,theresearchershaveidentifiedsignificantfactors,providedsomeexplanation,andsuggestedsomepossiblemeasurestoreduceCO2emission.TheresultshaveshownthatthemostimportantfactorsaretheCO2intensityofblastfurnacegas(BFG),hotmetalratioofbasicoxygenfurnace(BOF)andthematerialutilizationefficiency.Accordingly,somemeasuressuchasremovingCO2inBFG,decreasingthehotmetalproportioninBOF,andimprovematerialutilizationefficiencyineachprocess,maybetakentodecreaseCO2emission.