简介:摘要在固定床反应器上研究了经铈促进的(Ce-promoted)和未经铈促进的5Co-15Ni/Al2O3,催化剂在CH4干法转化反应中的性能。虽然添加铈(2.5wt%)能够明显减少积碳,降幅可达50%,但CH4的反应速度并没有出现明显的提高(增幅小于5%),活化能也没有出现明显的改变。经铈促进的催化剂抗碳(carbonresistance)能力提高,这要归因于反应过程中铈离子稳定的多次氧化态(multipleoxidationstates)。所采用的催化剂的TPR-TPO揭示了两种类型的碳成分(carbonspecies)。第一种是活性Cα,它易于被H2气化,而且还参与氧化铈的氧化还原反应;第二种是相对的非活性Cβ,它只能被O2移除,而且不参与氧化还原反应循环。文中还提出了这种反应的双中心(dual-site)兰格缪尔(Langmuir)-Hinshelwood机理。
简介:CO2methanationhasbeenahottopicbecauseofitsimportantapplicationinthespacecraftandpotentialutilizationofcarbondioxide.Nickelcatalystisactiveforthisreaction.However,itsactivitystillneedstobeimproved.Dielectricbarrierdischarge(DBD)plasma,initiatedatambientconditionandoperatedat~150°C,hasbeenemployedinthisworkfordecompositionofnickelprecursortoprepareNi/MgAl2O4.Theplasmadecompositionresultsinhighdispersion,uniquestructure,enhancedreducibilityofNiparticlesandpromotedcatalyst-supportinteraction.AnimprovedactivityofCO2methanationwithahigheryieldofmethanehasbeenachievedovertheplasmadecomposedcatalyst,comparedtothecatalystpreparedthermally.Forexample,themethaneyieldoftheplasmapreparedcatalystis71.8%at300°Cbutitis62.9%overthethermalpreparedcatalyst.ThecatalystcharacterizationconfirmedthatCO2methanationovertheDBDplasmapreparedcatalystfollowspathwayofCOmethanation.
简介:Accuratelymeasuringthedifferentialmolecularabsorptioncrosssectionisthekeytoobtainingahigh-precisionconcentrationofatmospherictracegasesinadifferentialabsorptionlidar(DIAL)system.However,theCO2absorptionlineismeticulousat1.6μm,easilytranslatingandbroadeningbecauseofthechangeoftemperatureandpressure.Hence,measuringtheverticalprofileofatmospherictemperatureandpressuretocalculatetheverticalprofileoftheCO2weightparameterisnecessary.Ingeneral,measuringatmospherictemperatureandpressurehasacertainamountofuncertainty.Therefore,thisstudyproposestheconceptofabalancedon-linewavelength,wherethedifferentialmolecularabsorptioncrosssectionislargerandtheCO2weightparameterisinsensitivetotheuncertaintyofatmospherictemperatureandpressure.Inthisstudy,weanalyzedtheinfluenceofuncertaintyontheCO2weightparameterateverypreselectedwavelength,aswellasdeterminedanappropriatewavelengthnearoneoftheabsorptionpeaks.Ourresultshowsthat1572.023nmshouldbeoneoftheappropriatebalancedonlinewavelengths.ThemeasurementerrorsofthemixingratioofCO2moleculeinthiswavelengthareonly0.23%and0.25%andarecausedby1Ktemperatureerrorand1hPapressureerror,respectively.Thisachievementofabalancedon-linewavelengthwillnotonlydepresstherequirementofthelaser’sfrequencystabilizationbutalsothedemandformeasurementprecisionoftheatmospherictemperatureandpressureprofile.Furthermore,thisstudycanachievetheexactmeasurementoftheverticalprofileofatmosphericCO2basedonanindependentdifferentialabsorptionlaser.
简介:摘要目的对CO2激光在早期声门型喉癌治疗中的应用进行临床分析和评价。方法对2011年12月-2014年2月在我院耳鼻喉科行CO2激光治疗的60例早期声门型喉癌患者的临床资料进行总结和分析。结果术后8例复发,复发率为13.3%(8/60)。其中,T1a病变3例,复发率为11.5%(3/26),T1b病变3例,复发率为20.0%(3/15),T2病变2例,复发率为20.0%(2/10),组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.180,P>0.05);21例患者肿瘤浸润至前联合,有7例复发,复发率为33.3%(7/21);39例患者肿瘤未浸润至前联合,有2例复发,复发率为5.1%(2/39),两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.003,P<0.05)。结论CO2激光手术治疗早期声门型喉癌疗效安全可靠,对发音功能保留好,值得在临床推广应用。
简介:WhenaccountingtheCO2emissionsresponsibilityoftheelectricitysectorattheprovinciallevelinChina,itisofgreatsignificancetoconsiderthescopeofbothproducers’andtheconsumers’responsibility,sincethiswillpromotefairnessindefiningemissionresponsibilityandenhancecooperationinemissionreductionamongprovinces.Thispaperproposesanewmethodforcalculatingcarbonemissionsfromthepowersectorattheprovinciallevelbasedonthesharedresponsibilityprincipleandtakingintoaccountinterregionalpowerexchange.Thismethodcannotonlybeusedtoaccounttheemissionresponsibilitysharedbyboththeelectricityproductionsideandtheconsumptionside,butitisalsoapplicableforcalculatingthecorrespondingemissionresponsibilityundertakenbythoseprovinceswithnetelectricityoutflowandinflow.ThismethodhasbeenusedtoaccountforthecarbonemissionsresponsibilitiesofthepowersectorattheprovinciallevelinChinasince2011.Theempiricalresultsindicatethatcomparedwiththeproduction-basedaccountingmethod,thecarbonemissionsofmajorpower-generationprovincesinChinacalculatedbythesharedresponsibilityaccountingmethodarereducedbyatleast10%,butthoseofotherpower-consumptionprovincesareincreasedby20%ormore.Secondly,basedontheprincipleofsharedresponsibilityaccounting,InnerMongoliahasthehighestcarbonemissionsfromthepowersectorwhileHainanhasthelowest.Thirdly,fourprovinces,includingInnerMongolia,Shanxi,HubeiandAnhui,havethehighestcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityoutflow-14milliontin2011,accountingfor74.42%oftotalcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityoutflowinChina.Sixprovinces,includingHebei,Beijing,Guangdong,Liaoning,Shandong,andJiangsu,havethehighestcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityinflow-11milliontin2011,accountingfor71.44%oftotalcarbonemissionsfromnetelectricityinflowinChina.Lastly,thispaperhasestimatedtheemissionfactorsofelectricity
简介:摘要目的研究分析CO2激光治疗睑黄瘤的临床效果。方法选取我院在2013年1月至2015年1月收治的82例睑黄瘤患者的临床资料,按照随机分组的方式,将患者分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组41例患者采用CO2激光治疗;对照组41例患者采用冷冻治疗,对治疗结果进行统计分析,两组患者均治疗两个疗程,对比两组患者治疗效果。结果治疗组总有效率为95.1%;对照组总有效率为78.0%,两组患者治疗有效率对比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组41例患者中,一次治愈者31例,两次治愈者7例,三次治愈者1例,三次以上治愈者2例;对照组41例患者中,一次治愈者19例,两次治愈者11例,三次治愈者9例,三次以上治愈者2例,两组患者治疗次数对比具有统计学意义。结论CO2激光治疗睑黄瘤具有安全、快速的特征,与传统治疗方式相比,具有很多优势,有助于提高患者的生活水平和生活质量,值得临床推广。
简介:Aseriesofamine-basedadsorbentsweresynthesizedusingsiliceousMCM-41individuallyimpregnatedwithfourdifferentamines(ethylenediamine(EDA),diethylenetriamine(DETA),tetraethylenepentamine(TEPA)andpentaethylenehexamine(PEHA))tostudytheeffectofaminechainlengthandloadingweightontheirCO2adsorptionperformancesindetail.TheadsorbentswerecharacterizedbyFT-IR,elementalanalysis,andthermo-gravimetricanalysistoconfirmtheirstructureproperties.Thermo-gravimetricanalysiswasalsousedtoevaluatetheCO2adsorptionperformanceofadsorbents.Longerchainamine-basedmaterialscanachievehigheramineloadingsandshowbetterthermalstability.TheCO2adsorptioncapacitiesatdifferenttemperaturesindicatethattheCO2adsorptionisthermodynamicallycontrolledoverEDAMCM41andDETA-MCM41,whiletheadsorptionoverTEPA-MCM41andPEHA-MCM41isunderkineticcontrolatlowtemperature.ThechainlengthofaminesaffectstheCO2adsorptionperformanceandtheadsorptionmechanismsignificantly.TheresultsalsoindicatethatCO2adsorptioncapacitycanbeenhanceddespiteofhighoperationtemperatures,ifappropriateamines(TEPAandPEHA)areapplied.However,adsorbentswithshortchainamineexhibithigheradsorptionanddesorptionratesduetothecollaborativeeffectofrapidreactionmechanismsofprimaryaminesandlessdiffusionresistanceofshorterchainlengthamines.
简介:目的:探索燃料富氧燃烧过程中不同浓度CO2的稀释作用对NOx生成的影响,为探索Nx在O2/CO2气氛中生成机理研究提供理论基础。创新点:提出一种无分支链式反应解释说明CO2在还原性粒子环境中对反应的影响。方法:通过ChemkinPro中塞流式反应器模块对混入NH3的CH4燃料在O2/CO2气氛中反应进行数值模拟,同时改变CO2的稀释程度来探索CO2浓度对NOx生成的影响,并比较不同反应机理下的模拟结果,探索此环境中NOx的生成机理(表1)。结论:1.无支链反应机理可用于解释CO2在还原性粒子环境中对Nq生成与还原的影响;2.随着C02浓度的升高,无支链反应和支链反应相互竞争H,进而抑制NO的生成;3.在对NH,转化效率的影响方面,CO2浓度增加引发的无支链反应和支链反应对H的竞争,在富燃料条件下从促进转化变为抑制转化,在化学当量和贫燃料条件下从无影响变为抑制转化。
简介:Thispaperreportsonthelongevityofglycerol-dry(CO2)reformingoverthelanthanum(La)promotedNi/Al2O3catalysts.TheXRDresultsshowedthattheNiparticlewaswell-dispersedinthepresenceofLapromoter.Inaddition,viatheNH3-TPDanalysis,itwasfoundthattheLapromoterhasreducedtheacidityofNicatalystwhichmayhaveexplainedthemitigationofcarbonlaydown.Itwasdeterminedthatthe3.0wt%La-promotedNi/Al2O3catalystpossessedthelargestBETspecificsurfaceareaof97m2g-1.Consequently,ityieldedthebestcatalyticlongevityperformancewithconversionattainedmorethan90%,evenafter72hofreactionduration.Significantly,itcanbeconfirmedthatthepresenceofCO2duringtheglyceroldryreformingwasessentialinreducingcarbondeposition,mostlikelyviagasificationpathway.Thishasensuredastabilityofcatalyticactivityforalongreactionperiod(72h).
简介:目的现场使用CO2诱蚊器与紫外光诱蚊器采集成蚊,对比2种捕蚊器的捕蚊效果。方法依据病媒生物密度检测国家标准(GB/T23797-2009),于2014年8-9月以平均每周2次,连续2个月,在广州市蚊虫活动密集场所同时采取CO2诱蚊器与紫外光诱蚊器诱捕蚊虫。结果2种方法共捕获成蚊3282只,其中CO2捕蚊器捕获成蚊1730只,紫外光诱蚊器捕获成蚊1552只;CO2捕蚊器捕获的成蚊平均密度13.11只/(灯·h),白纹伊蚊为10.64只/(灯·h),紫外光诱蚊器成蚊平均密度11.76只/(灯·h),白纹伊蚊为6.74只/(灯·h)。结论CO2诱蚊器对白纹伊蚊诱捕效果优于紫外光诱蚊器,可用于日昼活动蚊种如白纹伊蚊的监测;紫外光诱蚊器对库蚊属(如致倦库蚊)、按蚊属(如微小按蚊)效果较好,对白昼活动的白纹伊蚊效果一般,适用于库蚊属、按蚊属的监测或作定点长期捕蚊灭蚊使用。