简介:ThispaperpresentsabriefoverviewofCO2reformingofCH4(CRM)byvariousformsof'arc'plasma,whichismoresuitabletoCRM,andtheenergyefficiencyisusedtoevaluatedifferentplasmaprocessesspecifically.Accordingtothereportedresults,thearcthermalplasmawithbinodeexhibitedbetterperformance.Moreover,theplasmaCRMprocesswascomparedwiththereportedplasmasteamreformingofCH4(SRM)process,andtheresultsshowedthattheformerprocesshasadvantagesonenergyefficiencyandCH4consumption.Additionally,itisbelievedthattheplasmaCRMprocesswouldbecompetitivewiththeconventionalSRMprocessinbothenergyefficiencyandCO2emissiononcetheheatmanagementisemphasizedandtherenewablepowerisused.Finally,aconceptofplasmareactorforindustrialapplicationisproposed.
简介:为了降低ε型六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(ε-HNIW)的感度,提出了一种以液态CO2作为反溶剂的新的包覆方法,该包覆方法解决了水悬浮法对溶剂的选择局限性大的问题。对ε-HNIW包覆前后进行SEM、XRD和FT-IR分析,研究表明:选用这种新的包覆方法,氟橡胶、ESTANE和EPDM包覆剂能均匀包覆于ε-HNIW的表面;偶极矩-极性大的包覆剂溶剂使ε-HNIW包覆后转变为α-HNIW晶体;随着包覆剂添加量的增加、或系统压力的降低、或温度的升高,ε-HNIW复合颗粒的分散性越差,球形造型粉颗粒度越好。对ε-HNIW包覆前后进行撞击感度测试表明,相同包覆剂添加量情况下,3种包覆剂降低ε-HNIW感度的大小顺序为:ESTANE〉FE26〉EPDM。
简介:摘要目的观察和评价分析CO2点阵激光联合光动力综合治疗皮肤肿瘤的临床疗效。方法选取2014年10月到2016年2月我院收治的32例经组织病理学确诊的皮肤肿瘤患者为治疗组进行CO2点阵激光联合光动力综合治疗,选取同期的32例经组织病理学确诊的皮肤肿瘤患者为对照组经超脉冲CO2点阵激光治疗,对两组患者进行了临床疗效的比较。结果治疗组完全缓解30例,显效率93.75%。复发2例,复发率6.25%。对照组完全缓解22例,显效率68.75%。复发10例,复发率31.25%。两组相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CO2点阵激光联合光动力综合治疗皮肤肿瘤疗效满意,可保持面部容貌的完整功能。
简介:Background:Thispaperexploredthelong-term,ceteris-paribuseffectsofpotentialCO,fertilizationontheglobalforestsector.BasedonthefindingsofNorbyetal.(PNAS2005,102(50))aboutforestresponsetoelevated[CO_2].Methods:ForestproductivitywasincreasedintheGlobalForestProductsModel(GFPM)inproportiontotherising[CO.,]projectedintheIPCCscenarioA1B,A2,andB2.Projectionsoftheforestareaandforeststockandoftheproduction,consumption,prices,andtradeofproductsrangingfromfuelwoodtopaperandpaperboardwereobtainedwiththeGFPMforeachscenario,withandwithoutCO_2fertilizationbeginningin2011andupto2065.Results:C02fertilizationincreasedwoodsupply,leadingtolowerwoodpriceswhichinturninducedmodestlowerpricesofendproductsandhigherglobalconsumption.However,productionandvalueaddedinindustriesdecreasedinsomeregionsduetotherelativecompetitiveadvantagesandtothevaryingregionaleffectsofCO_2fertilization.Conclusion:ThemaineffectofCO,fertilizationwastoraisetheleveloftheworldforeststockin2065by9to10%forscenariosA2andB2andby20%forscenarioA1B.Theriseinforeststockinducedbyfertilizationwasinpartcounteractedbyitsstimulationofthewoodsupplywhichresultedinlowerwoodpricesandincreasedharvests.
简介:PhotoelectrochemicalandelectrochemicalreductionofCO2intoorganicchemicalsispromisingfordirectlyorindirectlytransformingsolarenergyintochemicalenergyforfurtherutilization.However,researchontheelectroactivespeciesintheseprocesseshasbeenratherlimited.Inthiswork,weinvestigatedpossibleelectroactivespecies(CO2orHCO3–)involvedintheelectrochemicalreductionofKHCO3atelevatedtemperatureswithoutCO2bubbling.TheresultsshowedthatCO,CH4,andC2H4wereproducedafterelectrochemicalreductionof3.0mol/LKHCO3atelevatedtemperatureonaCuelectrodeevenwithoutCO2bubbling,althoughtheirfaradaicefficiencieswerelow(<6%).MeasurementsforCO2generationfromthedecompositionofHCO3–showedthatelevatedtemperatureandhighHCO3–concentrationstronglypromotedthisprocess.Theseresultssuggestedthatthein-situproducedCO2fromthedecompositionofHCO3–wasprobablytheelectroactivespeciesintheelectrochemicalreductionofHCO3–withoutCO2bubbling.ChangesoftheGibbsfreeenergy,rateconstant,andactivationenergyofthedecompositionofHCO3–intoCO2werealsoinvestigatedandcalculatedfromtheexperimentaldata.
简介:MacroscopicSiO_2sphereswithahomogeneousaminedistributionweresynthesizedbyaone-stepemulsionbasedsynthesisapproachinaflowcolumnreactor.TheCO_2adsorptioncapacityofthenanostructuredamine-functionalizedsilicasphereswasstudiedinabsenceandpresenceofH_2O.Thestructuralpropertieswereadjustedbyvaryingsolventsandsurfactantsduringthesynthesisand,atconstantamineloadings,werefoundtobethemainfactorforinfluencingtheCO_2sorptioncapacities.Underwater-freeconditionsCO_2isboundtotheaminogroupsviatheformationofcarbamates,whichrequiretwoneighboringaminogroupstoadsorboneCO_2molecule.Atconstantamineconcentrationssorbentswithlowersurfaceareaallowtoestablishahigheraminedensityonthesurface,whichenhancestheCO_2uptakecapacitiesunderdryconditions.InpresenceofH_2OtheCO_2adsorptionchangesto1:1stoichiometryduetostabilizationofcarbamatesbyprotonationofH_2Oandformationoffurtherspeciessuchasbicarbonates,whichshouldinprincipledoubletheadsorptioncapacities.LowconcentrationsofphysisorbedH2O(0.3mmol/g)didnotimpairtheadsorptioncapacityoftheadsorbentsforCO_2,whileathigherwateruptakes(0.6and1.1mmol/g)theCO_2uptakeisreduced,whichcouldbeattributedtocapillarycondensationofH_2Oorformationofbulkyreactionproductsblockinginnerporesandaccesstoactivesites.
简介:TostudytheintramolecularDiels-Aldercycloadditonof2H-chromen-2-oneasadiene,aseriesofchiralN-allyl-N-benzylamidesthatcontaina2H-chromen-2-onemoietyweredesignedforthesynthesisofbenzo[f]isoindol-l-onesviaanintramolecularDiels-Alderandasubsequentretro-Diels-AldercycloadditionwiththeexpulsionofCO2.Boththeyield(80%-89%)andabsolutestereocontrolofthetandemreactionwerehighwhenanelectron-withdrawinggroupwasattachedtothedienophile.Thedoublebondinthestyrenesubstructureremainedintheproductscouldbefurtherderivatizedbydihydroxylation.
简介:Thispaperintroducedthebasictheoryandalgorithmofthesurrogatedatamethod,whichproposedarigorouswaytodetecttherandomandseeminglystochasticcharacteristicsinasystem.TheGaussiandataandtheRosslerdatawereusedtoshowtheavailabilityandeffectivityofthismethod.Accordingtotheanalysisbythismethodbasedontheshort-circuitingcurrentsignalsundertheconditionsofthesamevoltageanddifferentwirefeedspeeds,itisdemonstratedthattheelectricalsignalstimeseriesexhibitapparentlyrandomnesswhentheweldingparametersdonotmatch.However,theelectricalsignalstimeseriesaredeterministicwhenamatchisfound.Thestabilityofshort-circuitingtransferprocesscouldbejudgedexactlybythemethodofsurrogatedata.
简介:Differentialabsorptionlidar(DIAL)isanexcellenttechnologyforatmosphericCO2detection.However,theaccuracyandstabilityofatransmittedon-linewavelengtharestrictlyrequiredinaDIALsystem.Thefluctuationofatunablepulsedlasersystemisrelativelymoreseriousthanthatofotherlasersources,andthisconditionleadstoalargemeasurementerrorforthelidarsignal.Theseconcernsposeasignificantchallengeinon-linewavelengthcalibration.Thisstudyproposesanalternativemethodbasedonwaveletmodulusmaximafortheaccurateon-linewavelengthcalibrationofapulsedlaser.Becauseofthedifferentpropagationcharacteristicsofthewavelettransformmodulusmaximabetweensignalandnoise,thesingularitiesofasignalcanbeobtainedbydetectionofthelocalmodulusmaximainthewavelettransformmaximumatfinescales.Simulatedanalysisshowsthatthemethodismoreaccuratethanthegeneralmethodsuchasquinticpolynomialfittingandcansteadilymaintainhighcalibrationprecisionatdifferentsignal-to-noiseratios(SNRs).Last,16groupsofrealexperimentswereconductedtoverifythesimulatedanalysis,whichshowsthattheproposedmethodisanalternativeforaccuratelycalibratinganon-linewavelength.Inaddition,theproposedmethodisabletosuppressnoisesintheprocessofwavelengthcalibration,whichgivesitanadvantageinaccurateon-linewavelengthcalibrationwithalowSNR.