简介：AIM:Toinvestigatetheprevalenceandriskfactorsofdiabeticretinopathy(DR)innorthernChinesepatientswithtype2diabetesmellitus(T2DM).METHODS:Thisretrospectivecross-sectionalstudywasperformedbetweenMay2011andApril2012.Atotalof1100patients(male/female,483/617)wereincludedinthisstudy.DRwasdefinedfollowingtheEarlyTreatmentDiabeticRetinopathyStudy(ETDRS)severityscale.Allincludedpatientsacceptedacomprehensiveophthalmicexaminationincludingretinalphotographs.Logisticregressionmodelswereusedtoestimateoddsratios(ORs)and95%confidenceinterval(CI)afteradjustingforageandgender.RESULTS:Retinopathywaspresentin307patientswithaprevalenceof27.9%.Inunivariatelogisticanalysis,presenceofDRwasassociatedwithlongerdurationofdiabetes(OR,5.70;95%CI,2.91-12.56),higherconcentrationoffastingbloodglucose(OR,12.94;95%CI,2.40-67.71),higherlevelofglycosylatedhemoglobinHbA1c(OR,5.50;95%CI,3.78-11.97)andinsulintreatment(OR,6.99;95%CI,1.39-35.12).ThelifestyleofpatientswithT2DMincludingsmoking,alcoholconsumptionandregularexerciseseemednotassociatedwiththedevelopmentofDR.CONCLUSION:Ourstudysuggeststhatfastingserumglucoseconcentration,HbA1clevel,durationofdiabetesandinsulintreatmentarepotentialriskfactorsforDRinnorthernChinesepatientswithT2DM,whilethelifestyleofincludedpatientsseemsnotassociatedwithDR.

简介：例1,男性,55岁.声嘶3个月余,间接喉镜检查见右侧声带前中1/3处绿豆大小带蒂淡红色息肉.于门诊纤维喉镜下行声带息肉摘除术.术前常规禁食,术前30min肌肉注射苯巴比妥钠0.1g及阿托品0.5mg.咽喉部表面麻醉后,患者取仰卧位,用日产Olympus-ENT纤维喉镜经口腔导入,进入喉前庭后由助手经钳孔注入0.5%丁卡因约0.5nl至声门及会厌喉面加强喉部麻醉.麻醉充分后,导入杯状息肉钳,钳头突出镜头约1cm,张开钳头,调整位置,在取出息肉时,息肉发生脱落,坠落于左室带.立即在纤维喉镜下重新钳夹取出.

简介：目的：观察结膜松弛症松弛结膜组织和泪液中黏蛋白的表达变化，探讨结膜松弛症的发病机制。方法：收集结膜松弛症组38例38眼和正常对照组36例36眼的结膜组织和泪液标本，分别行免疫组织化学染色检测结膜组织中黏蛋白（MUC2、MUC4、MUC5AC、MUC16）表达情况，ELISA检测泪液中黏蛋白（MUC2、MUC4、MUC5AC、MUC16）A值，结果行统计学分析，比较两组之间的差异。结果：结膜松弛症组的结膜上皮细胞中MUC2、MUC4与正常对照组表达无统计学差异（P=0.315、0.156）；结膜松弛症组的结膜上皮细胞中MUC5AC、MUC16阳性表达细胞较正常对照组明显减少，差异有统计学意义（P=0.016、〈0.01）。结膜松弛症组泪液中MUC2的A值与正常对照组无统计学差异（P=0.651），结膜松弛症组中MUC4、MUC5AC的A值较正常对照组明显降低，有显著的统计学差异（均P〈0.01），结膜松弛症组中MUC16的A值较正常对照组下降，差异有统计学意义（P=0.022）。结论：结膜松弛症患者结膜组织和泪液中MUC5AC和MUC16均下降，对其进一步研究可能揭示结膜松弛症的发病机制。

简介：目的通过检测Fas和FasL在鼻息肉中的表达,研究细胞凋亡和Fas/FasL系统在鼻息肉发病机制中的作用.方法用免疫组化方法检测Fas和FasL在35例鼻息肉和17例正常下鼻甲组织中的表达.对Fas和FasL阳性细胞的类型、分布特点进行分析.结果1.Fas和FasL在鼻息肉组织中的表达均较正常下鼻甲组织明显增强,差异有显著性.2.Fas在上皮细胞和间质细胞中都有阳性表达,主要表达于息肉表面的上皮细胞和间质内的炎性细胞中.结论1.Fas/FasL系统介导的凋亡在鼻息肉的发病机制中有重要作用,可能是鼻息肉长期保持良性增生的重要因素.2.FasL在鼻息肉上皮细胞中的高表达与上皮细胞的过度增生及Fas/FasL系统的免疫监视作用有关.

简介：我们归纳、分析、整理近年来的文献资料，简述2型糖尿病患者眼表改变的临床特点，为临床诊断和治疗糖尿病性眼表病变提供理论上的依据。

简介：AIMTo与类型2糖尿病mellitus(T2DM)在中国病人的一个队调查在C反应的蛋白质(CRP)和糖尿病的retinopathy(医生)之间的关系基于.METHODSCommunity的观察的队学习。有1131个参加者，在城市的北京在Desheng社区从2009年11月招募到2011年9月。病人们诊断了T2DM被招募并且经历由一张问询表，眼睛、人体测量的检查和实验室调查组成的标准化评估。医生的存在和严厉由七个领域被估计30°；渲染宫底相片。题目然后没有医生，任何医生，或威胁视觉的克尔普博士被分类进组与T2DM从1007个病人全部的学习subjects.RESULTSA的浆液被分析为分析被包括，包括408(40.5%)男人并且599(59.5%)女人。中部的CRP水平为男人是为女人和1.1mg/L的1.5mg/L(P=0.004，或0.37，95%CI0.18-0.74)。在为可能的covariates调整以后，CRP的高水平与任何医生的更低的流行被联系(P=0.02，或0.55，95%CI0.35-0.89)，然而并非与威胁视觉的医生联系了(P=0.62，或0.78，95%CI0.28-2.14)。在由性的层化以后，在CRP和医生之间的反的协会被发现在男人统计上重要(P=0.006，或0.35，95%CI0.16-0.73)，然而并非在女人(P=0.58，或0.88，95%CI0.29-1.16)与T2DM从一张中国人口拉的.CONCLUSIONThe数据建议那增加的CRP层次可以相反地与医生的开发被联系。

简介：资料病例1男性,65岁。因右侧鼻腔流臭脓涕8个月,门诊以＂右全组鼻窦炎＂收入院。2年前因鼻咽癌（T3N1M0）行60Co放射治疗（以下简称放疗）,剂量为70Gy。CT扫描显示：右侧鼻腔、上颌窦、筛窦密度增高,上颌窦内侧壁骨质吸收（图1）。根据病史、症状、体征,结合影像学检查,诊断为右侧全组鼻窦炎,拟行鼻内镜手术。手术在全身麻醉下进行。

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethemorphologicalalteringeffectoftransforminggrowthfactor-β2(TGF-β2)onuntransfectedhumancornealendothelialcells(HCECs)invitro.METHODS:AfteruntransfectedHCECsweretreatedwithTGF-β2atdifferentconcentrations,themorphology,cytoskeletondistribution,andtypeIVcollagenexpressionofthecellswereexaminedwithinvertedcontrastlightmicroscopy,fluorescencemicroscopy,immunofluorescenceorWesternBlot.RESULTS:TGF-β2attheconcentrationof3-15μg/LhadobviouslyalterativeeffectsonHCECsmorphologyindoseandtime-dependentmanner,and9μg/Lwasthepeakconcentration.TGF-β2(9μg/L)alteredHCEcellmorphologyaftertreatmentfor36h,increasedthemeanopticaldensity(P<0.01)andthelengthofF-actin,reducedthemeanopticaldensity(P<0.01)ofthecollagentypeIVinextracellularmatrix(ECM)andinducedtherearrangementofF-actin,microtubuleincytoplasmandcollagentypeIVinECMaftertreatmentfor72h.·CONCLUTION:TGF-β2hasobviouslyalterativeeffectonthemorphologyofHCECsfrompolygonalphenotypetoenlargedspindle-shapedphenotype,indoseandtime-dependencemannerbyinducingmore,elongationandalignmentofF-actin,rearrangementofmicrotubuleandlargerspreadareaofcollagentypeIV.

简介：

简介：目的探讨增殖相关基因Ki-67和凋亡相关基因Bax、Bcl-2在喉癌中的表达和临床意义.方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测存档石蜡标本喉鳞状细胞癌50例、不典型增生36例、喉正常黏膜10例中Ki-67、Bax、Bcl-2的表达.结果Ki-67在以上三组的表达率分别为52%、50%、10%,Ki-67在喉癌的表达率明显高于喉正常黏膜(P＜0.05),Ki-67在不典型增生中的表达率明显高于喉正常粘膜(P＜0.05),Bcl-2在以上三组表达率分别为44%、11%、0%.Bcl-2在喉癌组表达明显高于不典型增生和正常黏膜组(P＜0.05),Bax在以上三组表达率分别为76%、77%、78%、80%,各组之间差异无显著性.结论1.随着上皮细胞增殖活性增强,Ki-67表达增加,提示ki-67与喉癌的发生、发展有关,对表达增强者,应作进一步检查.2.Bcl-2检测结果,对鉴别喉部良、恶性病变有参考意义.

简介：病例介绍病例1:患者,男,47岁。因右眼突然视力下降伴下方黑幕遮挡4天入院。原双眼有高度近视-14.00DS,入院时全身体检(-)。视力:右眼无光感,陈旧性视网膜脱离;左眼0.05(矫正)。左眼前节(-),眼底见9:30～4:00视网膜脱离,隆起度较高,累及黄斑区,颞上方约1:00时钟见一2PD大小马蹄孔。入院后第二天局部麻醉下行左眼冷凝加外加压加环扎术,外加压块、环扎带均位于赤道区,无放液并发症,手术顺利。术后第一天查眼底见脱离的

简介：<正>例1,女,9岁。发热,双侧耳下部肿大5天,右耳内堵塞感及听力减退1天,于1998年12月25日来我科就诊。检查:体温38.7℃,心肺正常。二侧以耳垂为中心腮腺肿大,边缘不清,表面皮肤发亮紧胀,不红,按之有弹性感及压痛,腮腺管口红肿。咽粘膜弥漫性充血,腭弓、悬雍垂水肿,鼻咽部有少量粘液性分泌物,鼻甲充血肿胀,总鼻道有清水样涕。

简介：目的介绍2%利多卡因凝胶表面麻醉剂在白内障手术中的应用。方法在2%利多卡因凝胶表麻下723例（眼）白内障超声乳化术及99例（眼）小切口白内障摘除＋人工晶体植入术。结果723例超声乳化术中1级麻醉效果523例占72.4%,2级麻醉效果181例占25.0%,3级麻醉效果19例占2.6%,4级以上麻醉效果无,病人都可以完成手术。99例小切口白内障手术中2级麻醉效果54例占54.5%,3级麻醉效果29例占29.3%,4级麻醉效果16例占16.2%。结论在2%利多卡因凝胶表麻下能够顺利完成手术,手术前准备时间缩短,麻醉效果好,操作简单,安全易行。

简介：·AIM:Toobtainwideningofapotentiallyoccludableangle,inaccordingtoKanski’sindications,throughpreventiveNd:Yaglaseriridotomy.Theobservationalstudywasperformedbyusinggonioscopyfortheselectionandfollow-upof1165treatedeyesandexploitingShaffer-Etiennegonioscopicclassificationasaquality/quantitytestoftheanglerecession.·METHODS:BetweenSeptember2000andJuly2012,586patientswereselectedattheOutpatients’OphthalmologicalClinicofthePoliclinicoUmbertoIofRomeinordertoundergoNd:Yaglaseriridotomy.AGoldmanntypecontactlens,Q-switchedmode,2-3defocus,and7-9mJintensitywith2-3impulsedischargeswereusedforsurgery.·RESULTS:Fromasearlyasthefirstweek,awhole360°anglewideningwereevidentinthepatients,thusshowingthesuccessofNd:Yaglaseriridotomyinsolvingrelativepupilblock.Theangleremainednarrowby270°in14eyesonly,despiterepetitionsoffurthertreatmentwithlaseriridotomyinadifferentpartoftheiris,twicein10eyesandthreetimesin4eyes.·CONCLUSION:Nd:YaglaseriridotomyrevealeditselfasbeingasafeandeffectivetreatmentinwideningthosecriticalShaffer-Etiennegrade1and2potentiallyoccludableangles.

简介：AIM:ToInvestigatethegeneticfindingsandphenotypiccharacteristicsofaChinesefamilywithNorriedisease（ND）.METHODS:MoleculargeneticanalysisandclinicalexaminationswereperformedonaChinesefamilywithND.MutationsintheNorriediseasepseudoglioma（NDP）geneweredetectedbydirectsequencing.Haplotypeswereconstructedandcomparedwiththephenotypesinthefamily.Evolutionarycomparisonsandmutantopenreadingframe（ORF）predictionwerealsoundertaken.RESULTS:TwofamilymemberswithocularmanifestationswerediagnosedwithND.Nosignsofsensorineuralhearinglosswereobservedineitherpatient,whileoneofthemshowedsignsofmildmentalretardation.AnovelheterozygousmutationintheNDPgene,c.-12delAAT,wasdetectedinbothpatients.ThemutationandthemutationbearinghapiotypecosegregatedwiththeNDphenotypeinmalesandwastransmittedfromtheirmothersand/orgrandmothers（Ⅱ:2）.ThemalewithoutNDdidnotharborthemutation.Themutationoccurredatthehighlyconservednucleotides.DRFfinderpredictedthatthemutationwouldleadtotheproductionofatruncatedproteinthatlacksthefirst11N-terminalaminoacids.CONCLUSION:Anovelmutation,c.-12delAATintheNDPgene,wasidentifiedinaChinesefamilywithND.ThismutationcausedNDwithoutobvioussensorineuralhearingloss.Mentaldisorderwasfoundinonebutnottheotherpatients.Theclinicalheterogeneityinthefamilyindicatedthatothergeneticvariantsandepigeneticfactorsmayalsoplayaroleinthediseasepresentation.

简介：例1,男52岁.因咽部不适、头痛睡眠不好2年,在内地医疗单位诊断为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructvesleepapneahypopneasyndrome,OSAHS).在全身麻醉下行悬壅垂腭咽成形术(uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,UPPP),术后20d返回高原.1wk后出现咽痛、咽干、吞咽困难,夜间症状加重.检查:咽部充血,咽腔宽大,黏膜干燥无光泽,咽后壁较多黄白色干痂贴附.

简介：后交通动脉瘤通常指颈内动脉-后交通动脉分叉处的动脉瘤，在我国的颅内动脉瘤中所占的比率居第一位。颅内动脉瘤是一种潜在的致命性疾病，发病前无明显先兆、起病急、症状重、致死率及致残率高，动脉瘤破裂引起的颅内出血是其致死、致残的主要原因。重视颅内动脉瘤的早期症状，早发现、早治疗是预防其破裂出血的根本途径。动眼神经自脑干发出后，

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheregulationofEaf2proteininmouselenscellsapoptosisinducedbyultraviolet(UV)radiation.METHODS:AneyeofEaf2geneknockoutmiceornormalcontrolmicewasexposedtoUVradiation,andtheotheronewasnon-exposed.AlloflenseswereanalyzedbyTUNELandcaspase3activityassaystodeterminethedifferenceoftheapoptosisinducedbyUVradiation.Inaddition,exposedandnon-exposedlenseswereanalyzedbyquantifiedp53expressionandreal-timereversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)ofBax,Bid,Apaf-1,PumaandNoxa,tocompareEaf2geneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmice.RESULTS:UVradiationcausedapoptosisoflenscellsinnormalcontrolmiceandEaf2knockoutmice.Activityofcaspase3wassignificantlyhigherinnormalcontrolmicethanEaf2knockoutmice.Expressionofp53proteinwassignificantlyhigherinlensesexposedtoUVradiationthannonexposedlenses,butwassimilarbetweenEaf2geneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmiceinthesameUVcondition.AfterexposingtoUVradiation,theanalysisofreal-timeRT-PCRdemonstratedthatmRNAlevelsofPumaandNoxaweresignificantlyhigherinlensesofnormalcontrolmicethanEaf2geneknockoutmice,andthatmRNAlevelsofBax,BidandApaf-1werenotsignificantlydifferentbetweengeneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmice.CONCLUSION:Eaf2increaseslenscellsapoptosisinducedbyultravioletradiation.AndEaf2up-regulatesexpressionofthePumaandtheNoxatoactonlenscellsapoptosisafterUVradiation.

简介：目的在视网膜缺血再灌注模型上，观察再灌注后视网膜内caspase-3的动态变化，探讨caspase-3与视网膜细胞凋亡的关系。方法结扎大鼠左侧颈总动脉1h，然后再灌注，检测再灌注后1、6、12、24、48、72h大鼠视网膜内caspase-3的水平及视网膜细胞凋亡平均发生率。结果再灌注后视网膜内caspase-3的表达出现在光感受器细胞层，在再灌注后1、6、12、24、48、72hcaspase-3平均光密度分别为0．067±0．004、0．923±0．045、1．962±0．377、3．793±0．860、2．039±0．427、1．332±0．109，细胞凋亡平均发生率（％）分别为1．8±0．1，7．1±0．2，18．2±1．4，34．7±2．1，22．6±0．9，16．3±0．4。结论再灌注后大鼠视网膜caspase-3表达与细胞凋亡呈现正相关，caspase-3可以促进视网膜细胞凋亡的发生。

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatewhethertheresponseofacentralhexagonalelementcorrespondingtothemacularareainconventionalmultifocalelectroretinography(mfERG)testswasthesameasthatofexperimentalmfERGusingsinglecentralhexagonalelementstimulation.METHODS:Prospective,observationalstudy.Thirtyhealthysubjectswereincludedinthisstudy.mfERGrecordingswereperformedaccordingtotwoprotocols:stimuluswith37hexagonalelements(protocol1),andstimuluswithasinglecentralelementcreatedbydeactivatingtheother36hexagonalelements(protocol2).Wecompareddifferencesbetweenring1parametersineachprotocol.RESULTS:Inprotocol1,thefirstpositivecomponent(P1)implicittimeandP1amplitudewere37.8±1.8msand6.3±2.7μV.Aftersingleelementstimulation(protocol2),doublepositivewavesappeared.TheimplicittimeandamplitudeofP1were40.7±2.4ms(P<0.001)and9.1±3.3μV(P=0.001),respectively.Theimplicittimeandamplitudeofthesecondpositivecomponent(P2)were68.0±4.5ms(P<0.001,comparedwithP1inprotocol1)and12.3±4.7μV(P<0.001,comparedwithP1inprotocol1),respectively.TheamplitudeofP2inprotocol2wasabouttwotimeshigherthanthatofP1inprotocol1.CONCLUSION:mfERGresponsesofacentralhexagonalelementinasingleelementstimulationprotocolaredifferentfromthoseofmultipleelementstimulation.Thepositivewaveismoreenhancedcomparedtothatoftheconventionalprotocolanditelongatedintotwowavelets.