简介：目的介绍2%利多卡因凝胶表面麻醉剂在白内障手术中的应用。方法在2%利多卡因凝胶表麻下723例（眼）白内障超声乳化术及99例（眼）小切口白内障摘除＋人工晶体植入术。结果723例超声乳化术中1级麻醉效果523例占72.4%,2级麻醉效果181例占25.0%,3级麻醉效果19例占2.6%,4级以上麻醉效果无,病人都可以完成手术。99例小切口白内障手术中2级麻醉效果54例占54.5%,3级麻醉效果29例占29.3%,4级麻醉效果16例占16.2%。结论在2%利多卡因凝胶表麻下能够顺利完成手术,手术前准备时间缩短,麻醉效果好,操作简单,安全易行。

简介：突发性耳聋一般认为是由内耳微循环障碍所致,我科自1997年1月至2000年12月,用利多卡因作星状神经节封闭加丹参治疗突聋32例和同期临床随机分组的用等量利多卡因静脉滴注加丹参治疗者33例进行比较,现报告如下.

简介：目的探讨前房注入1%利多卡因作为表面麻醉的一种辅助麻醉在眼前段内眼手术中的麻醉效果.方法对29例42眼患者眼前段内眼手术,在手术进入前房前,通过1mm前房穿刺或侧切口注入1%利多卡因,观察麻醉效果及术中术后并发症.结果Ⅰ级手术中完全无疼痛,手术配合良好;Ⅱ级术中疼痛轻微,可以耐受配合手术完成;Ⅲ级术中疼痛较剧,难以忍受.Ⅰ级者40眼,Ⅱ级者2眼,Ⅲ级者0眼,术中、术后无出现并发症.结论表面麻醉联合前房注入1%利多卡因是一种安全、有效、并发症少的麻醉方法.

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简介：目的探讨榄香烯对人喉癌Hep-2细胞生长的影响和作用机制.方法用四甲基偶氮唑盐法(methylthiazolyltetrazoliumassay,MTT)测定榄香烯对喉癌细胞的抑制作用;以透射电镜来观察其形态学变化;采用DNA末端标记法(terminaldeoxynucleotidy1transferasemediateddeoxyuridinetriphosphatenickendlabelingmethod,TUNEL)研究细胞凋亡数;用免疫组化分析bcl-2蛋白在Hep-2细胞中的表达.结果榄香烯明显抑制Hep-2细胞的生长;透射电镜观察到染色质浓缩,沿着核膜排列,形成不同形状和大小的块状;DNA末端标记法说明,凋亡细胞数随药物浓度的提高逐渐增高;免疫组化结果提示榄香烯能使Hep-2细胞bcl-2蛋白表达降低.结论榄香烯能够抑制喉癌细胞的生长,其抑制作用与细胞凋亡有关,作用机制可能与bcl-2表达降低有关.

简介：目的：用Tono-Pen眼压计测量人眼角膜中央、旁中央、角巩缘部位眼压值，比较不同部位值的差异及相关性。方法：正常角膜用Tono-Pen眼压计依次测量角膜中心、旁中心、角膜缘眼压值，方差分析不同部位眼压的差异，分析结果的相关性。结果：Tono-Pen眼压计检测得出的眼压平均值角膜中央为16．28±2．73mmHg，旁中央为16．33±2．69mmHg，角巩缘为16．58±2．58mmHg．角膜中心与旁中心的相关系数r=0．966，P=0．000，角膜中心与角膜缘的相关系数为r=0．897．P=0．000，角膜旁中心与角膜缘的相关系数为r=0．910，P=0．000。不同部位眼压值差异没有显著性（F=0．093，P=0．913〉0．05）。结论：不同部位眼压值密切相关，差异没有统计学意义。Tono-Pen眼压计测量不同部位眼压均可取得较为一致的结果。

简介：AIM:Todeterminetheproliferativepotentialandthemaintenanceofstemcellactivityinstoredhumanlimbaltissues,andcorrelatethiswiththepreservationtime,cellviabilityandtheexpressionofstemcellmarkers.METHODS:Thirtylimbalrimsweresplitinto4partsandstoredincornealpreservationmediumat4℃for0,1,4,or7days.ThelimbalstemcellandmitoticmarkersP63,CK19,proliferatingcellnuclearantigen(PCNA),andKi67weredeterminedbyimmunohistochemicalstaining.Theproliferativepotentialoflimbalepithelialcellswasassessedbycellviability,theabilityofgeneratingstratifiedepithelium,andcolonyformingassay.RESULTS:Thestoredtissuesmaintainedlimbalstratifiedstructureto7daysandexhibitedcomparableexpressionlevelofstemcellandmitoticmarkers.Theproportionofviablecellsdecreasedwiththeprolongedpreservationtime,whilecolonyformingefficiencydecreasedfromthe1stdayanddisappearedatthe4thday.Wheninoculatedonamnioticmembrane,thecellspreservedfor1dayformedastratifiedepithelium,whilethecellsfrom4days’preservationformedadiscontinuouslayer.CONCLUSION:Thecolonyformingefficiencyoflimbalepithelialstem/progenitorcellsdecreasedrapidlywiththeincreasingpreservationtime,whiletheexpressionlevelofmarkersandcapacityofformingepithelialmonolayeronamnioticmembranedecreasedgradually.Thelimbalepithelialstemcellslosttheirfunctionearlierthanthelostexpressionlevelofstemcellmarkers.Thismayhelpustobetterchoosetheappropriatepreservationgraftsforfuturelimbalstemcelltransplantation.

简介：目的探讨健康体检中青光眼筛查方法及结果分析。方法采用同顾分析方法对我院健康体检数据库资料进行分析。结果在121697人健康体检中，发现青光眼1381例，患病率为1.14％，原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）810例，患病率为0.67％，原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）476例，患病率为0.39％，正常眼压性青光眼（NTG）44例，患病率为0.04％，继发性青光眼（SG）51例、患病率为0。04％。正常大陷门者112例，术发现先天性青光眼。结论青光眼筛查方法应简易、快捷、价廉及有效的。对健康体检作青光眼筛查足必要的并且足可行的，而且在健康体检数据中为所有受检建立健康档案，这对青光眼患者诊断、治疗及评估有十分重要意义，特别对可疑青光眼受检者有一个长期跟踪观察及对比机会。

简介：目的观察在全身麻醉鼓室成形术前行手术区域利多卡因局部浸润对于术中血流动力学稳定及术后镇痛的效果。方法将60例拟在全身麻醉下行鼓室成形术的患者随机分为2组（n=30）,L组在全身麻醉诱导完成后于手术区域（耳后手术切口及耳道内）行1%利多卡因混合1∶20万肾上腺素10mL多点浸润注射;N组在全身麻醉诱导完成后于手术区域行0.9%生理盐水混合1∶20万肾上腺素10mL多点浸润注射。2组患者麻醉方法相同,记录患者全身麻醉诱导完毕即刻（T1）、切皮时（T2）、耳腔成形时（T3）、出麻醉后监测治疗室（PACU）时（T4）和术后6h（T5）的平均动脉压（MAP）及心率。记录患者PACU内的苏醒时间、镇静评分（Ramesay评分）,记录患者T4和T5的疼痛程度（视觉模拟评分）。结果在T2、T3及T4,L组MAP和心率显著低于N组（P〈0.05）。术后6h2组患者的MAP、心率差异无统计学意义（P值分别为0.143、0.094）。在PACU内,L组Ramesay评分高于N组（P=0.009）。T4、T5的镇痛评分L组显著低于N组（P值分别为0.0002、0.043）。结论全身麻醉鼓室成形术前行手术区域利多卡因局部浸润可明显改善围术期由于创伤应激引起的血流动力学波动,同时减轻患者术后疼痛。

简介：目的：探讨miR-181在白内障晶状体组织中的表达情况,及其对人晶状体上皮细胞凋亡的调控机制。方法：利用Realtimeq-PCR方法,检测年龄相关性白内障患者晶状体前囊膜和人晶状体上皮细胞凋亡模型中miR-181的表达情况；利用Lipofectamine2000瞬时转染miR-181mimic和inhibitor调节人晶状体上皮细胞中miR-181的表达,利用Realtimeq-PCR方法验证转染效率,利用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率的变化。结果：与对照组相比,年龄相关性白内障患者晶状体前囊膜组和人晶状体上皮细胞凋亡模型组,miR-181的表达显著升高；miR-181mimic转染组,miR-181的表达显著升高,细胞凋亡率显著升高；miR-181inhibitor转染组,miR-181的表达显著降低,细胞凋亡率显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：miR-181在年龄相关性白内障晶状体组织中呈高表达,miR-181能够促进人晶状体上皮细胞凋亡,从而可能在年龄相关性白内障的发病过程中发挥一定作用,miR-181可能成为白内障非手术治疗的一种新途径,但具体机制有待进一步研究。

简介：近十几年来，医务工作者与科学工程技术人员密切配合，研发了多种类型的外科手术机器人系统。在国外，每年都有大量的心外科和泌尿外科手术通过机器人完成。一些有预见性的耳鼻喉科医师也对这项新技术进行了积极的探索，展示了令人兴奋的前景。

简介：视野使用红色视标的视野检查可以发现显著的视野异常.简单的测试如正切暗点计屏也很有效.精确评估视野缺损需要视野计：人工（Goldmann）或者自动（Humphery）视野计可以给出详细的视野参数.但是结果受操作者的主观操作影响.

简介：青光眼青光眼是一组进行性的视神经病变，伴有视乳头特征性的结构改变和相应视野缺损的疾病。青光眼视神经病变的主要危险因素是眼压的升高。

简介：目的调查上海市奉贤区奉城镇60岁以上老年人群干眼的患病率及相关影响因素。方法2013年6～12月对上海市奉贤区奉城镇60岁以上人群采用随机整群分组抽样法,进行问卷调查,对有阳性症状的受检者做裸眼视力、裂隙灯、基础泪液分泌试验（SⅠt）、泪膜破裂时间（BUT）、角膜荧光素染色（FL）、睑板腺功能检查。结果随机抽取受检者2387例,实际受检者2058例,应答率为86.2%。受检者中干眼患者295例,患病率为14.3%,女性患病率为18.0%（208/1153）,男性患病率为9.6%（87/905）,女性高于男性（χ^2=29.22,P〈0.05）;80岁以上人群的干眼患病率为21.3%,70～79岁为15.8%,60～69岁为9.2%（χ^2=36.61,P〈0.005）。结论上海市奉贤区奉城镇60岁以上人群中,女性的干眼患病率高于男性。干眼患病率随年龄增长而升高,眼干涩、视疲劳、异物感为最常见症状,局部及全身多种因素均影响干眼的发生。干眼的社区防治对郊区眼病防治工作有着重要的意义。

简介：Thedamageofhumancornealcellsencounterwiththeproblemofavailabilityofcornealcellsforreplacement.Limitationofthesourceofcornealcellshasbeenrealized.Anattemptofdevelopmentofcornealepithelial-likecellsfromthehumanskin-derivedprecursor(hSKPs)hasbeenmadeinthisstudy.Combinationofthreeessentialgrowthfactors:epidermalgrowthfactor(EGF),keratinocytegrowthfactor(KGF)andhepatocytegrowthfactor(HGF)coulddemonstratesuccessfullyinductionofhSKPstodifferentiationintocornealcells.Theinducedcellsexpressedtheappearanceofmarkersofcornealepithelialcellsasshownbythepresenceofkeratin3(K3)byantibodylabelandWesternblotassay.TheK3geneexpressionofinducedhSKPscellsasshownbyreversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)technologywasalsodemonstrated.ThepresenceofthesemarkersatbothgeneandproteinlevelscouldleadtoourconclusionthatthedirectionaltransdifferentiationofhSKPscellsintocornealepithelialcellswassuccessfullydoneunderthiscellinductionprotocol.Thefindingshowsanewlyavailablestemcellsourcecanbeobtainedfromeasilyavailableskin.Cellsfromautologoushumanskinmightbeusedforcornealdisordertreatmentinfutureclinicalapplication.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethepossiblerelationshipbetweentheinfluencingfactorsoccurringbeforeandduringbirthinfull-terminfantsandtheoutcomeofretinopathy.·METHODS:Totally816full-terminfantsadmittedintheneonateintensiveunitofBoaiHospitalofZhongshanbetween1May,2008and30June,2011wereincludedinthestudy.Fundusexaminationwasperformedandevaluatedindividuallyonthemattheageof48hoursafterdelivery,2weeksand1month.Somepossibleriskfactorshappeningprenatallyorduringdeliverysuchaspregnantrelatedhypertension,placentaprevia,placentalabruptionetc,aswellassomeneonatalriskfactorssuchasneonatalasphyxia,hypoxic-ischemicencephalopathy(HIE),lowbirthweightetc,wererecordedandevacuated.Thentheeffectoftheriskfactorsoffull-terminfantsonretinopathywasstudied.·RESULTS:Theincidenceofretinalhemorrhageoffull-terminfantswithprenatalpregnantrelatedhypertension(PRH)ofthemother(43.6%)wassignificantlyhigherthanthatoffull-terminfantswithout(8.0%).(P<0.001).Theincidenceofretinalhemorrhageoffull-terminfantswithneonatalasphyxiaand/orhypoxic-ischemicencephalopathy(HIE)(29.3%)wassignificantlyhigherthanthatofthosewithout(15.7%),butcorrelationwasnotfoundbetweentheseverityofretinahemorrhageandthedegreeofhypoxicdisease.Apalecolorofopticdiscwasassociatedwithalowbirthweightoffull-terminfant.Full-terminfantswithbirthweighlessthan2500ghadasignificanthigherincidenceofretinopathythanthosewithbirthweightequalormorethan2500g(P<0.001).·CONCLUSION:Themaininfluencingfactorswhichleadtoretinopathyofhighriskfull-terminfantsareprenatalfactorssuchasPRH,andsomeneonatalriskfactorssuchasasphyxia,hypoxic-ischemicencephalopathy,andlowbirthweight.

简介：AIM:Toestablishanuntransfectedhumancornealstromal(HCS)celllineandcharacterizeitsbiocompatibilitytoacellularporcinecornealstroma(aPCS).·METHODS:PrimaryculturewasinitiatedwithapurepopulationofHCScellsinDMEM/F12media(pH7.2)containing20%fetalbovineserumandvariousnecessarygrowthfactors.Theestablishedcelllinewascharacterizedbygrowthproperty,chromosomeanalysis,tumorigenicityassay,expressionofmarkerproteinsandfunctionalproteins.Furthermore,thebiocompatibilityofHCScellswithaPCSwasexaminedthroughhistologicalandimmunocytochemistryanalysesandwithlight,electronmicroscopies.·RESULTS:HCScellsproliferatedtoconfluence2weekslaterinprimarycultureandhavebeensubculturedtopassage140sofar.AcontinuousuntransfectedHCScelllinewithapopulationdoublingtimeof41.44hoursatpassage80hasbeendetermined.Resultsofchromosomeanalysis,morphology,combinedwiththeresultsofexpressionofmarkerproteinandfunctionalproteinssuggestedthatthecellsretainedHCScellproperties.Furthermore,HCScellshavenotumorigenicity,andwithexcellentbiocompatibilitytoaPCS.·CONCLUSION:Anuntransfectedandnon-tumorigenicHCScelllinehasbeenestablished,andthecellsmaintainedpositiveexpressionofmarkerproteinsandfunctionalproteins.Thecellline,withexcellentbiocompatibilitytoaPCS,mightbeusedforinvitroreconstructionoftissue-engineeredHCS.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethediffusioncharacteristicsofwaterofopticnerveandopticradiationinhealthyadultsanditsrelatedfactorsbydiffusiontensorimaging（DTI）at3T.METHODS:Atotalof107healthyvolunteersperformedheadconventionalMRIandbilateralopticnerveandopticradiationDTI.TheprimarydataofDTIwasprocessedbypost-processingsoftwareofDTIstudio2.3,obtainingfractionalanisotropyvalue,meandiffusivityvalue,principalenginevalue,orthogonalenginevaluebymeasuring,andanalyzedbytheSPSS13.0statisticalsoftware.RESULTS:Thebilateralopticnerveandopticradiationfiberspresentedgreencolorindirectionalencodedcolor（DEC）mapsandpresentedhighsignalinfractionalanisotropy（FA）maps.TheFAvalueoftheleftopticnervewas0.598±0.069andtherightwas0.593±0.065;themeandiffusivity（MD）valueoftheleftopticnervewas（1.324±0.349）×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas（1.312±0.350）x10-3mm2/s;theprincipalenginevalue(λ?)oftheleftopticnervewas（2.297±0.522）×10-4mm2/sandtherightwas（2.277±0.526）×10-3mm2/s;theorthogonalenginevalue（λ⊥）oftheleftopticnervewas（0.838±0.285）×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas（0.830±0.280）×10-3mm2/s;theFAvalueoftheleftopticradiationwas0.636±0.057andtherightwas0.628±0.056;themeandiffusivity（MD）valueoftheleftopticradiationwas（0.907±0.103）×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas（0.889±0.125）×10-3mm2/s;theprincipaleigenvalue(λⅡ)oftheleftopticradiationwas（1.655±0.210）×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas（1.614±0.171）×10-3mn2/s;theorthogonalenginvalue（λ⊥）oftheleftopticradiationwas（0.531±0.103）×10-3mm2/sandtherightwas（0.524±0.152）×10-3m

简介：AIM:Todemonstratethemorphologyandstructureofinvitroreconstructedtissue-engineeredhumancornealepithelium(TE-HCEP)withseedercellsfromanuntransfectedHCEPcellline.·METHODS:TheTE-HCEPswerereconstructedinvitrowithseedercellsfromanuntransfectedHCEPcellline,andscaffoldcarriersofdenudedamnioticmembrane(dAM)inair-liquidinterfaceculturefor3,5,7and9days,respectively.Thespecimenswereexaminedwithhematoxylin-eosin(HE)stainingofparaffin-section,immunocytochemicalstaining,scanningandtransmissionelectronmicroscopy.·RESULTS:DuringinvitroreconstructionofTE-HCEP,HCEPcellsformeda3-4,6-7and8-10layersofanHCEP-likestructureondAMsinair-liquidinterfaceculturefor3,5and7days,respectively.Butthecellsdeceasedto5-6layersandthestructureofstraifiedepitheliumbecamelooseatday9.Andthecellsmaintainedpositiveexpressionofmarkerproteins(keratin3andkeratin12),cell-junctionproteins(zonulaoccludens-1,E-cadherin,connexin43andintegrinβ1)andmembranetransportproteinofNa+-K+ATPase.TheHCEPcellsinTE-HCEPwererichinmicrovillionapicalsurfaceandestablishednumerouscell-cellandcell-dAMjunctionsatday5.·CONCLUSION:ThemorphologyandstructureofthereconstructedTE-HCEPweresimilartothoseofHCEPinvivo.TheHCEPcellsinthereconstructedTE-HCEPmaintainedthepropertiesofHCEPcells,includingabilitiesofformingintercellularandcell-extracellularmatrixjunctionsandabilitiesofperformingmembranetransportation.TheuntransfectedHCEPcellsanddAMscouldpromisinglybeusedinreconstructionHCEPequivalentforclinicalcornealepitheliumtransplantation.

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheaccuracyofsphericalequivalent(SE)estimatesofadouble-passsystemandtocompareitwithretinoscopy,subjectiverefractionandatablemountedautorefractor.METHODS:Non-cycloplegicrefractionwasperformedon125eyesof65healthyadults(age23.5±3.0years)fromOctober2010toJanuary2011usingretinoscopy,subjectiverefraction,autorefraction(AutokeratorefractometerTOPCONKR-8100,Japan)andadoublepasssystem(OpticalQualityAnalysisSystem,OQAS,VisiometricsS.L.,Spain).Nineconsecutivemeasurementswiththedouble-passsystemwereperformedonasubgroupof22eyestoassessrepeatability.ToevaluatethetruenessoftheOQASinstrument,theSElaboratorybiasbetweenthedoublepasssystemandtheothertechniqueswascalculated.RESULTS:TheSEmeancoefficientofrepeatabilityobtainedwas0.22D.SignificantcorrelationscouldbeestablishedbetweentheOQASandtheSEobtainedwithretinoscopy(r=0.956,P<0.001),subjectiverefraction(r=0.955,P<0.001)andautorefraction(r=0.957,P<0.001).ThedifferencesinSEbetweenthedouble-passsystemandtheothertechniquesweresignificant(P<0.001),butlackedclinicalrelevanceexceptforretinoscopy;Retinoscopygavemorehyperopicvaluesthanthedouble-passsystem-0.51±0.50Daswellasthesubjectiverefraction-0.23±0.50D;Moremyopicvalueswereachievedbymeansofautorefraction0.24±0.49D.CONCLUSION:Thedouble-passsystemprovidesaccurateandreliableestimatesoftheSEthatcanbeusedforclinicalstudies.Thistechniquecandeterminethecorrectfocuspositiontoassesstheocularopticalquality.However,ithasarelativelysmallmeasuringrangeincomparisonwithautorefractors(-8.00to+5.00D),andrequirespriorinformationontherefractivestateofthepatient.