简介：在小世界网络基于我们的以前联合脉搏的integrate-and-Gre神经原模型，我们在这个模型生产的象electroencephalographic一样信号的复杂行为上调查不同连接拓扑学的效果。我们证明若干次，经常是的系列分析方法使用了分析electroencephalographic-likesignals的复杂行为，例如在重新可伸缩的范围分析(R/S)以内的阶段空间，关联尺寸，分数维的尺寸，和林中小丘代表的重建。我们发现不同连接拓扑学在integrate-and-fire神经原的模型导致不同动态行为。

简介：目的将为第三腰部的横向的过程症候群观察不同频率的electroacupuncture(EA)的临床的效果。有第三腰部的横向的过程症候群的80个盒子全部的方法A被使随机化进二个组，40在每个组。Ashi点在中等频率的electroacupuncture(EA)与K8832-T处理设备被连接组织，而Ashi点在传统的EA组与G6805-2电的激发器被连接。药品效果在10个处理会议以后被评估。结果在中等频率的EA组的治疗学的功效比传统的EA组的显著地好(P<0.05)。另外，在中等频率的EA组的管分数的改进比传统的EA组的更著名(P<0.05)。中等频率的EA是为第三腰部的横向的过程症候群并且因此值得推广有益于病人的容易、有效的治疗的结论。

简介：冰原子核的集中(在里面)并且与喷雾器粒子的关系被测量并且分析了使用从5月在东南中国在Huangshan山在三高度混合云室和一个静态的散开云室到2011年9月的三5-L。结果证明平均数总计数字集中在里面在在激活温度的Huangshan山的最高的山峰上(T一)20牵?敲楧湯?湡?汣浩瑡捩猠'T敲楧湯?湩琠敨瀠牥潩?????愠敲搠獩畣獳摥

简介：Background:Forestmanagementfacesaclimateinducedshiftingrowthpotentialandincreasingcurrentandemergingnewrisks.Vulnerabilityanalysisprovidesdecisionsupportbasedonprojectionsofnaturalresourcestakingrisksanduncertaintiesintoaccount.Inthispaperwe(1)characterizedifferencesinforestdynamicsunderthreemanagementscenarios,(2)analysetheeffectsofthethreescenariosontworiskfactors,windthrowanddroughtstress,and(3)quantifytheeffectsandtheamountofuncertaintyarisingfromclimateprojectionsonheightincrementanddroughtstress.Methods:InfourregionsinnorthernGermany,weapplythreecontrastingmanagementscenariosandprojectforestdevelopmentunderclimatechangeuntil2070.Threeclimateruns(minimum,median,maximum)basedontheemissionscenarioRCP8.5controlthesite-sensitiveforestgrowthfunctions.Theminimumandmaximumclimaterundefinetherangeofprospectiveclimatedevelopment.Results:Theprojectionsofdifferentmanagementregimesuntil2070showthedivergingmedium-termeffectsofthinningsandharvestsandlong-termeffectsofspeciesconversiononaregionalscale.Examplesofwindthrowvulnerabilityanddroughtstressrevealhowadaptationmeasuresdependontheappliedmanagementpathandthedecision-maker’sriskattitude.Uncertaintyanalysisshowstheincreasingvariabilityofdroughtriskprojectionswithtime.Theeffectofclimateprojectionsonheightgrowtharequantifiedanduncertaintyanalysisrevealsthatheightgrowthofyoungtreesisdominatedbytheage-trendwhereastheclimatesignalinheightincrementofoldertreesisdecisive.Conclusions:Droughtriskisaseriousissueintheeasternregionsindependentoftheappliedsilviculturalscenario,butadaptationmeasuresarelimitedastheproportionofthemostdroughttolerantspeciesScotspineisalreadyhigh.Windthrowriskisnoseriousoverallthreatinanyregion,butadequatecounter-measuressuchasspeciesconversion,speciesmixtureorreductiono

简介：ARCandNDcolonywereobtainedbyrearingthewhitebackedplanthopper(WBPH),Sogatellafurcifera(Horvath),exclusivelyonARC10239(ARC,carryingresistancegeneWbph2)andN'DiangMarie(ND,carryingresistancegeneWbphS)till15generations.TaichungNative1(TN1)andRathuHeenati(RHT)servedassusceptibleandresistantcheck,respectively.TheresultsofelectronicrecordingrevealedthatdurationofsalivationandX-waveformofthetwocoloniesontheircorrespondinghostswasshortwhilethedurationofphloemingestionwaslong.TheamountofhoneydewexcretedbyARCandNDcolonydidnotdifferontheircorrespondinghostvarietiesfromTN1andwasmuchhigherthanthatofRHT.ThenumberofeggslaidontheirhostvarietiesandTN1weresignificantlyhigherthanthatonRHT.Nodistinctchangewasobservedforthesetwocoloniesintermofpercentageofdevelopedeggs.ThenymphsurvivalrateofNDcolonyonitsselectionhostwas45.0%,significantlydifferentfromthatonTN1(71.4%0)andRHT(21.0%),whilethatofARCcolonywas68.3%,notsignificantlydifferentfromthatonTN1(77.5%),butmuchhigherthanthatonRHT(22.6%).ThenymphaldevelopmentdurationofthesetwocoloniesonthecorrespondinghostswasnotdifferentfromthatonTN1,butsignificantlyshorterthanthatonRHT.Inbrief,thesetwocolonieshadalmostadaptedtotheircorrespondinghostvarietiesbasedonfeedingandoviposition,butthenymphalsurvivalrateofNDcolonywasstilllow.

简介：AbstractBackground:The prevalence rates of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) vary widely, ranging from 14.0 to 55.1%. Our aim is to calculate the overall prevalence of FOG in all PD patients with different disease durations and severities.Methods:Using Medline/PubMed/Embase, we carried out a systematic literature search for studies reporting the PD and clinically relevant FOG.Results:After primary screening, a total of 35 studies were identified and further analyzed for inclusion into the analysis, and 29 studies fulfilled the quality criteria and included in this meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of FOG in PD was 39.9% (95% CI 35.3-44.5%). The FOG identified by the freezing of gait questionnaire item 3 may be more prevalent (43.8%, 95% CI 38.5-49.1%) than the FOG identified by the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale item 14 (36.0%, 95% CI 29.0-43.1%). Disease duration and severity are both the clinical features associated with the FOG. The highest FOG prevalence rate in PD patients was seen in patients with disease durations ≥ 10 years, at 70.8%, followed that of PD patients with disease durations ≥ 5 years (53.3%), and PD patients with disease durations < 5 years (22.4%). FOG presented in 28.4% of PD patients with Hoehn and Yahr staging (H&Y) score ≤ 2.5, and in 68.4% of PD patients with H&Y score ≥ 2.5.Conclusion:This meta-analysis confirms that the prevalence of FOG in PD is considerable, and highlights the need for accurate identification of FOG in PD.

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简介：AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the digestive system and are not sensitive to traditional chemotherapy. Therefore, historically, surgical resection was the only effective therapy. However, the emergence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized the treatment of GISTs, because they target c-Kit and PDGF receptor-α (PDGFRA), which are important in GIST development and progression. As research into c-Kit and PDGFRA continues, an increasing number of different TKIs are being used in the clinical setting. This review aims to discuss the current state of chemotherapy for the treatment of GISTs with different genotypes.

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简介：Q－doubleeffectofdifferentbalancebridgevoltagecontrolledcrystaloscillator(DBVCXO)isquantitativelyanalysedbythecomputersimulation.

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简介：Throughthesamplesurveyofprimaryandjuniorhighschoolstudentsandteachersonstudents＇physiquefromvariousprovincesandcitiesinChina,theresulthasshownthedeclineofstudents＇physique.Therearemanyreasons.Forstudents,thereasonsaretheheavyacademicburden;lackofinterest,time,andknowledgeinphysicalexercise;andthatthehabitofexercisewasnotdeveloped.Forfamily,familyeducationremainsfocusingmoreonintellectualthanphysical,nutritionthanexercise,andignoringthepositionandroleofsportsinthefamily.Forschool,thereasonsarethelackofsupportforphysicaleducation,thelimitedsportsactivities,andthetediousacticitytype.Forcommunity,thesportsfacilitiesandfieldsareinsufficient,andthereexistsanunevendistributionbetweenruralandurban.Bymeansofimplementinglawsandregulationsofphysicaleducation,strengtheningschoolsportsinfrastructure,enrichingteachers＇professionalknowledgeofphysicaleducation,stimulatingstudents＇interestinphysicalexercise,andeliminatingtheblindunderstandingofphysicalhealthbyparents,wecanpromotestudents＇physique.

简介：Introduction　　PanaxquinquefoliumL.BelongstothePanaxgenusoftheAraliaceae.ItoriginatesinAmericaandCanada.Itsroots,afamousandexpensivetraditionalChinesemedicinalmaterial,havebeenstudiedcontinuallysinceitssuccessfulcultivationinChinainthe1970s.Inrecentyearsthedevelopmentandutilizationresearchesofitsaerialpart,whichwasabandonedinthepast,havebeenconducted.Theconstituentstudiesontheleaves,stemsandfruitshavebeenreported.Butnoinformationabouttheflowerbudshasbeenfoundinliteratures.TheauthorshavereportedastudyaboutthechemicalconstituentsoftheflowerbudsoftheP.QuinquefoliumcultivatedinChina.Inthepresentworktwoflavonoids(namelykaempferolandpanasenoside)intheflowerbudsoftheP.QuinquefuliumcultivatedinChinawereextracted,isolated,andidentified.Sincethemedicinalmaterialswereprocessedwithanunusualtreatment,thecontentdeterminationofthemonomericandtotalflavonoidinthedifferentpartswereperformedcorrectlywiththemethodsofdual-wavelengthTLC-scan,andUV-absorption,anditwasdiscoveredthattherewereflavonoidsintherootsandfruitsoftheP.Quinquefolium.ThescientificbasiswasprovidedfortheutilizationoftheflowerbudsandotherpartsresourcesoftheP.

简介：Outerdensefibersarespecificsubcellularcomponentsofmammalspermflagella,apartfromtheaxonemeanditsassociatedproteins.Asoneoftheouterdensefiberscomponents,ODF3isessentialfortheformationofmammalspermflagella.Inthepresentstudy,weisolatedtheOdf3gene,1033bpinlength,fromZhikongscallopChlamysfarreri,whichwasnamedasCf-Odf3.ItwaspredictedthatCf-Odf3encodesaproteinof240aminoacidswhichcontains5discontinuousPro-Gly-Prorepeats.TheCf-Odf3transcriptsweredetectedinbothtestisandovaryofC.farreriatvariousstagesthroughqRT-PCR.TheCf-ODF3proteinsynthesizedbyprokaryoteswaspurifiedusingNi2+-NTAaffinitychromatographyandusedtoproduceitspolyclonalantibody.TheantibodyproductwaseffectiveandspecificaswasexaminedbyWesternblotting.TheCf-Odf3transcriptandCf-ODF3proteinwerelocatedinintragonadalsomaticcells(ISCs),spermatogoniaandspermatocytesofC.farreritestes,whilenotranscriptionofCf-Odf3andsynthesisofCf-ODF3weredetectedinspermatidsandspermatozoa.ThelocationofOdf3expressionisdifferentfromthatofvertebrateswhereODF3issynthesizedspecificallyinspermatidsandspermflagella.Moreover,theCf-Odf3expressionwasalsodetectedinISCs,oogoniaandoocytesofthescallopovaries.OurfindingrevealedadifferentcharacteristicofOdf3expressionbetweenscallopandvertebrates,whichimpliedthatCf-Odf3playedaroleinthegametogenesisofC.farreri.

简介：Thereisaneedtostandardizemethodsassociatedwiththedispersionofnanomaterialsinnano（eco）toxicologicalinvestigations.Thefirststeptowardthisgoalistounderstandthedegreeofvariabilitythatexistsinnanomaterialdispersionspreparedbyusingdifferentprotocols.Usingtwocasestudies,thedegreeofvariabilityinTiO2nanomaterialdispersionswasassessedbydifferentialcentrifugalsedimentation（DCS）methods.Casestudy1addressesthevariabilitythatarisesfromvariationswithinoneprotocol,investigatingtheeffectsofdispersionaging,sonicationexposuretime,sonicationinthepresence/absenceofanicebath,materialsubsampling,particleconcentrationandhavingapre-wettingstep.Casestudy2addressesthevariabilitybetweenfourdifferentprotocolsdevelopedthroughpastresearchactivitiesandprojects.Theresultsindicatethatthereisalargedegreeofvariability（relativestandarddeviation（RSD）ofmeanparticlediameter=26%）inthedispersionofTiO2nanomaterialsbetweenthefourdifferentprotocolsstudiedandthatseveralstepsinadispersionprotocolarepotentialsourcesofvariation,withfinalparticleconcentrationbeingthemostsignificant.Theimplicationofthisstudyisclear:forthepurposeofdatacomparability,thereisaneedtoprovidetheexactdetailsofallstepsinvolvedinadispersionprotocol.

简介：免费表面流动具有对计算液体动力学(CFD)的重要兴趣。然而，强烈的水波浪影响模拟特别当免费表面碎或影响固体时，墙能是为许多CFD技术的大挑战。弄平的粒子水动力学(SPH)为模仿强烈免费表面流动作为一个柔韧、可靠的方法被报导了。弱可压缩的SPH(WCSPH)使用有大健全速度的状态的一个方程，和WCSPH的结果能及时导致一块吵闹的压力地和压力的假摆动为波浪影响的历史问题模拟。作为疗法，真正不可压缩的SPH(ISPH)技术被介绍，它使用一个压力泊松方程计算压力。尽管ISPH获得的整个地里的压力分发是光滑的，这些技术的稳定性仍然是开的讨论。在这份报纸，一个新免费表面鉴定计划和稳固的边界处理方法被介绍改进ISPH的精确性。这修改ISPH被用来学习打破流动和强烈坦克sloshing流动的水坝。在WCSPH和ISPH的比较学习上，精确性和效率被估计，结果与试验性的数据相比。

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简介：植物在土壤磷营养起一个重要作用。然而，在中国的黄土高原的土壤的磷营养上的植物的效果很好没被理解。这研究被进行在中国的黄土高原揭示在植物和phosphoru的部分和可获得性之间的关系。22个植物社区被调查，在不同植物华盖下面的土壤样品为土壤性质和无机的磷分别的决心是镇定的。结果证明Leguminosae和Lilaceae减少了pH并且当Labiatae和Rosaceae增加了pH并且减少时，在他们的华盖下面在土壤增加了有机物，阳离子交换能力，总数和Olsen磷在在他们的华盖下面的土壤的有机物，阳离子交换能力，总数和Olsen磷。Ca2P，Ca8P，高山和Fe-P的内容高度与土壤Olsen磷被联系。他们都在在Leguminosae和Lilaceae下面的土壤是更高级的并且在Labiatae和Rosaceae下面在土壤降低。这研究的结果显示Leguminosae和Lilaceae在土壤改进了磷营养，然而，Labiatae和Rosaceae在他们的华盖下面在土壤阻碍了磷营养的改进，它将具有更多的帮助在这个区域指示植被恢复并且为土壤开发提供信息。

简介：轧了nanorods被磁控管劈啪作响和加氨系统综合，并且Tb中间的层的厚度被改变学习效果在上轧了nanorods。结果被扫描电子测试显微镜学(SEM)，X光检查衍射(XRD)，传播电子显微镜学(TEM)，高分辨率的传播电子显微镜学(HRTEM)，和光致发光(PL)系列。结果证明Tb层的厚度在形式，质量，和光性质上有明显的效果轧了nanorods。在房间温度的PL系列在368点显示出一座很强壮的排放山峰?nm和弱排出物在387点达到顶点?当Tb层是20时，为生产样品的山峰的nm，和紧张到达最大值?nm。最后，20的最佳的厚度?为综合的Tb中间的层的nm轧了nanostructures被完成。

简介：ThegreenandeffectiveBaeyer-Villigeroxidationreactionofcyclohexanoneforpreparingε-caprolactoneisofparticularimportanceinthesynthesisofnewpolymermaterials.WehavediscussedhereseveralmechanismtypesofBaeyer-VilligeroxidationofcyclohexanonewithH2O2indifferentreactionsystems.Fivemaintypeshavebeenaddressed,i.e.:(1)thenon-catalyzedreactiontype,wheretheC=OofketonesisactivatedbyH+,whichiselectrolyticallydissociatedfromH2O2andH2O,toimprovethecapabilityofC=Ogroupforacceptingtheelectronpairs;(2)thethermallyactivatedradicalreactiontype,wheretheCriegeeintermediateisproducedviatwostepsofradicalreactionwith·OHattack,withmuchmorehydroxylradicalsbeingexcitedinthepresenceofTS-1zeolite;(3)theBrnstedacidcatalysisreactiontype,wherebothO-OmoietyandC=OgroupcouldbeactivatedbyBrnstedacid;(4)thesolidLewisacidcatalyzedC=Oofthesubstrateactivationreactiontypethroughenhancingthedonor-acceptorinteractionbetweentheantibondingπ*C=OorbitalofcyclohexanoneandHOMOofSn-containingzeolites;and(5)thesolidLewisacidcatalyzedH2O2toformMe-OOHoxidativespeciesbyconvertingthehighestoccupiedmolecularorbital(HOMO)ofTi-OOHintoasinglyoccupiedmolecularorbital(SOMO),makingtheO-OgrouphighlyelectrophilictoattacktheC=OofcyclohexanoneduringtheBaeyer-Villigeroxidationprocess.Intheend,wehavealsocomparedthedifferentmechanismsandputforwardouropinionsonthedevelopmentdirectionofcatalyticmaterialsaimingateco-friendlyBaeyer-Villigeroxidationofcyclohexanoneintheyearstocome.