简介：TheinteractionbetweenricehostanditspathogenXanthomonasoryzaepv.oryzae(Xoo)atcellularlevelwasstudiedbyusingaresistantsomaclonalmutantHX-3anditssusceptabledonorMinghui63.AfterinoculationwithXoostrainZhe173(Chinesepathotype|\).theactivityofsuperoxidedismutase(SOD)andperoxidase(POD)inthecallusofMinghui63wasincreaseddramatically,andtheactiveoxygen(O2^-)wasproducedatahigherrate;Meanwhile,thecallusgrewslowlywiththereductionofproteincontent.ComparedtotheactivityofSODandPOD.theproductionrateofO2^-andthefreshweightinHX-3callusvariedlittleaftertheinoculation.ItcouldbeproposedthatthereweregreatdifferencesbetweentheresistanceofHX-3andMighui63atcellularlevel.TherewasnodifferencedetectedconcerningresistancetobacterialleafblightinHX-3betweentheplantandthecallus.

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简介：镁合金在工业有大量应用；然而，他们的腐蚀电阻，穿电阻，和坚硬是相当差的，它限制他们的应用。Ti离子被金属蒸汽真空弧(MEVVA)植入进AZ31镁合金表面implanter。这金属弧离子来源有一根宽广横梁和高当前的能力。Theimplantation精力在45keV被修理，剂量在9x10~(17)cm~(-2)。通过离子培植，有在厚度的约900nm的Ti离子培植层直接在AZ31镁合金，它的表面性质极大地由改善了的表面上被形成。化学药品一些声明离子培植层的典型元素借助于X-rayphotoelectron光谱学(XPS)被分析，当离子培植层和阶段结构的生气部分形态学借助于扫描电子显微镜学(SEM)和X-raydiffraction(XRD)被观察时。Ti离子的腐蚀电阻的性质植入层被CS300P电气化学腐蚀工作站在3.5%NaCl答案学习。结果证明腐蚀电阻的性质显著地被提高，当腐蚀速度显然被减慢时。

简介：到在米饭germplasm91-1A2的米饭胆量小蚊的抵抗被识别并且遗传上分析了。米饭人口的F1s从作为一个男父母与米饭材料Jinggui，TN1，W1263(Gm1)，IET2911(Gm2)，BG404-1(gm3)，OB677(Gm4)，ARC5984(Gm5)和Duokang1(Gm6)交叉的91-1A2被导出。到米饭胆量小蚊的所有父母线和F1，BC1F1和F2人口的抵抗被识别。结果证明91-1A2和所有F1s对中国米饭胆量小蚊遗传因子型IV抵抗。到在BC1F1和F2的易受影响的抵抗植物的分离比率被X2测试与1:3和9:7规则给予，建议到中国米饭胆量小蚊遗传因子型IV的91-1A2的抵抗被是新抵抗基因的二主导的基因控制，对已知的米饭胆量小蚊抵抗基因非突变而产生之遗传因子。

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简介：Alloying和水花免职技术被采用改善合金ZA27的服务温度限制以与高抑制能力和好提高的温度开发新功能的材料机械性质。抑制行为和合金ZA27的提高的温度creep抵抗上的Si的5wt%的增加的效果被调查。抑制能力，以及相对动态模量，在303～573K上在1.4Hz的频率被测量。没有山峰现象为在兴趣的温度范围测试的标本被观察。试验性的结果显示扔的材料的抑制能力比在305K的扔的那个的高2.8倍。球坚硬价值被用来评估creep性质，扔的材料的creep活化能比当演员组那的高每摩尔是3.9-5.7kJ。creep率明确的表达也被导出。最后，起作用的抑制和creep机制根据从它微观结构的描述获得的数据被讨论，抑制能力和creep抵抗。(编辑作者摘要)12个裁判员。

简介：Glioblastoma(GBM)isoneofthemostlethalhumancancers.GenomicanalysesdefinethemoleculararchitectureofGBMandhighlightacentralfunctionformechanistictargetofrapamycin(mTOR)signaling.mTORkinaseexistsintwomultiproteincomplexes,namely,mTORC1andmTORC2.Thesecomplexesdifferintermsoffunction,regulationandrapamycinsensitivity.mTORC1iswellestablishedasacancerdrugtarget,whereasthefunctionsofmTORC2incancer,includingGBM,remainspoorlyunderstood.ThisstudyreviewstherecentfindingsthatdemonstrateacentralfunctionofmTORC2inregulatingtumorgrowth,metabolicreprogramming,andtargetedtherapyresistanceinGBM,whichmakesmTORC2asacriticalGBMdrugtarget.

简介：AbstractBackground:As of 2015 thousands of refugees are being hosted in temporary refugee camps in Greece. Displaced populations, travelling and living under poor conditions with limited access to healthcare are at a high risk of exposure to vector borne disease (VBD). This study sought to evaluate the risk for VBD transmission within refugee camps in Greece by analyzing the mosquito and sand fly populations present, in light of designing effective and efficient context specific vector and disease control programs.Methods:A vector/pathogen surveillance network targeting mosquitoes and sand flies was deployed in four temporary refugee camps in Greece. Sample collections were conducted bi-weekly during June-September 2017 with the use of Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and oviposition traps. Using conventional and molecular diagnostic tools we investigated the mosquito/sand fly species composition, population dynamics, pathogen infection rates, and insecticide resistance status in the major vector species.Results:Important disease vectors including Anopheles sacharovi, Culex pipiens, Aedes albopictus and the Leishmania vectors Phlebotomus neglectus, P. perfiliewi and P. tobbi were recorded in the study refugee camps. No mosquito pathogens (Plasmodium parasites, flaviviruses) were detected in the analysed samples yet high sand fly Leishmania infection rates are reported. Culex pipiens mosquitoes displayed relatively high knock down resistance (kdr) mutation allelic frequencies (ranging from 41.0 to 63.3%) while kdr mutations were also detected in Ae. albopictus populations, but not in Anopheles and sand fly specimens. No diflubenzuron (DFB) mutations were detected in any of the mosquito species analysed.Conclusions:Important disease vectors and pathogens in vectors (Leishmania spp.) were recorded in the refugee camps indicating a situational risk factor for disease transmission. The Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus kdr mutation frequencies recorded pose a potential threat against the effectiveness of pyrethroid insecticides in these settings. In contrast, pyrethroids appear suitable for the control of Anopheles mosquitoes and sand flies and DFB for Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus larvicide applications. Targeted actions ensuring adequate living conditions and the establishment of integrated vector-borne disease surveillance programs in refugee settlements are essential for protecting refugee populations against VBDs.

简介：Thedull-finishferriticstainlesssteel(FSS)sheetB445RforarchitecturalroofinghasbeendevelopedbyBaosteel.ThissteelproductexhibitsexcellentcorrosionresistancesuperiortothatofSUS316Lwithalowercost.Itcanbeeasilyformedintoroofingpanelsbyordinaryprocesses.Moreover,thethermalstrainofitislessthanSUS316Lbecauseofitslowerthermalexpansioncoefficient,anditsreflectivityislowerduetothedull-finishtreatment.Allofthesefeaturesmakeitcapableofbeingusedasarchitecturalroofingmaterialsincoastalregions.

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简介：Magnesium(Mg)alloyshaveattractedconsiderableresearchattentionaspotentialbiocompatibleimplantmaterials.However,themajorbarrierstotheextendeduseofsuchmedicaldevicesarethepossibilityofhighcorrosionrateandimplantassociatedinfections.Tosolvethem,anovelpolyacrylicacid(PAA)/gentamicinsulfate(GS)-hydroxyapatite(HAp)coatingwassynthesizedbyaone-stephydrothermaldepositionmethod.CharacteristicsoffunctionalcoatingswereinvestigatedbySEM,FTIRandXRD.Corrosionpropertiesofsampleswereevaluatedbyelectrochemicalandhydrogenevolutiontests.AntibacterialactivitiesofthecoatingsagainstStaphylococcusaureus(S.aureus)weremeasuredbytheplate-countingmethod.Resultsshowedthattheas-preparedHApcoatingwithdenseandflawlessmorphologiescouldnotonlyenhancethecorrosionresistanceofMgalloys,butalsoimprovetheadhesionstrengthbetweentheHApcoatingandthesubstrate.Inaddition,theinductionoftheapatitecoatingduringimmersionconfirmedtheexcellentmineralizationabilityoftheHApcoating.Moreover,theobtainedHApcoatingpossessedantibacterialpropertiesandcouldprolongthereleaseofGS.Thus,thePAA/GS-HApcoatedMgalloycouldserveasabettercandidateforbiomedicalapplicationswithgoodanti-corrosionandantibacterialproperties.

简介：Neuromuscularactivityissuppressedduringmaximaleccentric（ECC）musclecontractioninuntrainedsubjectsowingtoattenuatedlevelsofcentralactivationandreducedspinalmotorneuron（MN）excitabilityindicatedbyreducedelectromyographysignalamplitude,diminishedevokedH-reflexresponses,increasedautogenicMNinhibition,anddecreasedexcitabilityindescendingcorticospinalmotorpathways.MaximumECCmuscleforcerecordedduringmaximalvoluntarycontractioncanbeincreasedbysuperimposedelectricalmusclestimulationonlyinuntrainedindividualsandnotintrainedstrengthathletes,indicatingthatthesuppressioninMNactivationismodifiablebyresistancetraining.Insupportofthisnotion,maximumECCmusclestrengthcanbeincreasedbyuseofheavy-loadresistancetrainingowingtoaremovedordiminishedsuppressioninneuromuscularactivity.Prolonged（weekstomonths）ofheavy-loadresistancetrainingresultsinincreasedH-reflexandV-waveresponsesduringmaximalECCmuscleactionsalongwithmarkedgainsinmaximalECCmusclestrength,indicatingincreasedexcitabilityofspinalMNs,decreasedpresynapticand/orpostsynapticMNinhibition,andelevateddescendingmotordrive.Notably,theuseofsupramaximalECCresistancetrainingcanleadtoselectivelyelevatedV-waveresponsesduringmaximalECCcontraction,demonstratingthatadaptivechangesinspinalcircuitryfunctionand/orgainsindescendingmotordrivecanbeachievedduringmaximalECCcontractioninresponsetoheavy-loadresistancetraining.

简介：AbstractBackground:Insulin resistance is the central abnormality and mechanism underlying the progression of cardiometabolic-based chronic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the trends in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction from 2001 to 2016 among US adults with undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, and normal glucose regulation and to provide sex-specific information using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2001-2016.Methods:Data from 14,481 participants aged over 20 years from 8 consecutive 2-year cross-sectional cycles of the NHANES from 2001 to 2016 were used. Updated homoeostasis model assessment 2 (HOMA2: HOMA2%B for β-cell function and HOMA2IR for insulin resistance) was used as a surrogate measure. We defined the upper sex-specific tertile of HOMA2IR as insulin resistance and the lower corresponding tertile of HOMA2%B as low β-cell function.Results:In both sexes with undiagnosed diabetes, HOMA2%B (men, Ptrend = 0.118; women, Ptrend = 0.184) and HOMA2IR (men, Ptrend = 0.710; women, Ptrend = 0.855) remained stable over time. In the prediabetes group, both sexes exhibited significant increasing trends in HOMA2%B (men, Ptrend < 0.010; women, Ptrend < 0.010) and HOMA2IR (men, Ptrend < 0.010; women, Ptrend < 0.050). Adjusting for waist circumference mildly attenuated the trend in HOMA2IR and insulin resistance in men (Ptrend < 0.010), but it resulted in no significance in women (Ptrend = 0.196). In regard to normal glucose regulation, both sexes presented significant decreasing trends in low β-cell function (men, Ptrend < 0.050; women < 0.010) and attenuated trends in insulin resistance (men, Ptrend = 0.196; women, Ptrend = 0.121).Conclusions:Over 16 years, insulin resistance demonstrated an increasing trend in adult US population with prediabetes, while β-cell function showed a compensatory increasing trend. Identifying people with prediabetes early and focusing on reducing insulin resistance as the intervention core, especially controlling central obesity, might increase the opportunity for cardiovascular and diabetes risk reduction.

简介：Biocompatible聚合电解质multilayers(PEM)和polysiloxane混血儿涂层被准备改进可被细菌破坏的Mg合金AZ31的腐蚀抵抗。PEM，包含了poly轮流出现，并且poly(allylaminehydrochloride)(哼)，是第一在经由静电的相互作用的AZ31合金底层的表面上自我装配，是指明了(PAH/PSS)5/AZ31。然后，(PAH/PSS)5/AZ31样品被蘸进制作PMTMS的答案拍摄的methyltrimethoxysilane(MTMS)，指定了为PMTMS/(PAH/PSS)5/AZ31。表面形态学，微观结构和这些电影的化学作文被FE-SEM，FTIR，XRD和XPS调查。Potentiodynamic极化，电气化学的阻抗光谱学和氢进化大小证明合成电影显著地提高了的PMTMS/(PAH/PSS)5/AZ31在丝等的AZ31合金的腐蚀抵抗平衡盐答案(HBSS)。PAH和PSS电影有效地包括Ca3(PO4)2和hydroxyapatite改进了帽子混合物的免职(哈)。而且，合成涂层的腐蚀机制被讨论。这些涂层能是为可被细菌破坏的Mg合金的其他的候选人涂层。

简介：PTEN，phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT小径的一个否定管理者，是胰岛素发信号的一个重要调节的人。决定胰腺的Pten的新陈代谢的函数，我们产生了胰特定的Pten大美人(PPKO)鼠标。PPKO老鼠扩大了胰并且提高了acinar房间的增长。他们也展出了低血糖症，hypoinsulinemia，和改变的氨基的新陈代谢。尤其是，PPKO老鼠证明streptozotocin(STZ)的推迟的发作导致了糖尿病，到high-fat-diet(HFD)的偏导性的抵抗导致了糖尿病。在PPKO老鼠为抵抗调查机制到导致HFD的多糖症，我们在主要胰岛素应答的纸巾评估了AKTphosphorylation：肝，肌肉，和脂肪。我们发现在胰的Pten损失引起在肝发信号的AKT的举起。AKT和它的下游的底层GSK3尾的phosphorylation在PPKO老鼠的肝被增加，当没有Pten等位基因的可检测的切除，PTEN水平在PPKO老鼠的肝被减少时。戏剧性地揭示的Proteomics分析减少了在PPKO老鼠的肝78-kDa铺平调整葡萄糖的蛋白质(GRP78)，它可以也贡献用HFD喂的PPKO老鼠的更低的血葡萄糖水平。一起，我们的调查结果在新陈代谢的规定在肝揭示新奇回答到胰腺的缺点，把一种新尺寸加到理解糖尿病抵抗。

简介：DearContributors,ReadersandFriends:2011milestonesthetenthanniversaryoftheJournalofEarthquakeEngineeringandEngineeringVibration.wefirstwanttotakethisopportunitytoexpressourgratitudetothoseretiringmembersoftheEditorialBoardfortheirvaluablecontributionsinthepast,andtowelcomethosewhojoinedtheEditorialBoardthisyear.AswementionedinourmessagetoyouinDecember2010,effective20ll,thejournalisofficiallyco-sponsoredbytheHuixianEarthquake

简介：在米饭ASD7的植物的四个部件的内容变化，IR36(对棕色的植物hopper抵抗)并且TN1(产生棕色的植物hopper)，并且他们对到褐的米饭抵抗的影响种hopper(BPH，Nilaparvata拉ens)被调查。到在不同植物年龄的BPH遗传因子型Ⅱ的米饭的抵抗差异主要被归因于第二等的混合物的内容可变性。在叶鞘的内容作为与米饭植物的另外的部分相比最低。它可能解释BPH为从化学观点在叶鞘一共上喂有偏爱的原因。

简介：Therearemoreandmorecountriestoakeanefforttothestudiesofvanadiumalloyforfusionapplication.NIFSinJapanhasrecentlydevelopedan80kgheatV4Cr4Tialloy(NIFS-heat2)aftertheproductionofa500kgscaleV4Cr4TiinU.S.severalyearsago.PropertyevaluationofthealloyhasbeenputintoaninternationalcollaborationprogramunderthecoordinationofIEA(InternationalEnergyAgency).SWIPhasjoinedthecollabrationonthehydrogenembrittlementresistanceevaluationofthealloyt.