简介：对Escherichiacoli和克积极的葡萄球菌aureus微生物的polyaniline(PAni)的优秀抗菌剂性能在黑暗、可见的轻条件下面被表明了。在PAni分子和细菌之间的静电的坚持可以为PAni的抗菌剂反应起一个很重要的作用，由于我们的调查，进行PAni，它的composites/blends被相信作为抗菌剂代理人的一种新类型有用，为改进人的健康和生活环境的自我清洗以及多功能的材料。

简介：Tetradecyldimethylbenzylammoniumsalt(TDMBA)cationswereintercalatedintosodiummontmorillonite(Na-MMT)byanionexchangereaction.TheresultingTDMBA-MMTwascharacterizedbyFourier-transforminfraredspectroscopy(FTIR),thermogravimetricanalysis(TGA),andX-raydiffraction(XRD).Moreover,theantibacterialactivityandwater-resistanceofTDMBA-MMTwereinvestigated.TheresultsshowthatTDMBAcationsareintercalatedintotheNa-MMT.TheonsettemperatureofdecompositionofTDMBAcationsinTDMBA-MMTisraisedabout60℃higherthanthatoftetradecyldimethylbenzylammoniumchloride(TDMBACl),andthed_((001))spacingenlargedfrom1.23nmto2.10nm.0.1mg/mLTDMBA-MMTisfullyenoughtokillalltheStaphylococciaureus(S.aureus)andmorethan99.99%oftheEscherichiacoli(E.coli)inasamplesolutionwithin6.0htouch,andtheTDMBA-MMTalsoshowslongactingproperties.

简介：Anewmethacrylamidemonomer,hexylaminemethacrylamide(MAHA),wassynthesizedandusedinpolymerizations.ThehomopolymerofMAHAanditscopolymersweresynthesizedbyfreeradicalpolymerizationtechniqueswithN-isopropylacrylamide(NIPAAm)intwodifferentcompositions.Thequaternizationofthehomopolymerandcopolymerswerecarriedoutusing1-bromopropane.ThecopolymerswithNIPAAmandalowMAHAcontentshowedtemperature-responsivebehaviorinanaqueousenvironment.Thelowercriticalsolutiontemperatures(LCSTs)ofthesepolymersvariedbetween32℃and44℃.TheLCSTsofquaternizedcopolymerswerehigherthanthoseofneutralcopolymersbecausetheyweremorehydrophilic.TheobtainedhomopolymersandcopolymersweretestedforantibacterialactivitiesagainstS.aureusandE.coli.Thequaternizedwater-solublecopolymersshowedantibacterialactivitiesagainstS.aureus.Thequaternizationresultedinthesynthesisofbothantibacterialandtemperature-responsivecopolymers.

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简介：Twonewsteroidalalkaloids,isoconkuressineandN-formylconessimine,togetherwith6knownsteroidalalkaloidsincludingconkuressine,conessine,isoconessimine,conimine,conarrhimine,andfuntudienine,wereisolatedfromtheseedsofHolarrhenaantidysenteriacaWall.exA.DC.Theirintrinsicantibacterialactivitiesandsynergisticeffectswithpenicillinandvancomycinwereanalyzedinmethicillinsensitivestaphylococcusaureus(MSSA)andmethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureus(MRSA).Twoofthesteroidalalkaloidsincludingonenewcompound(N-formylconessimine)showedpotentialantibacterialactivityandpossessedsynergisticeffectswithpenicillinandvancomycin,respectively.

简介：Fivenewcephalosporincompoundsweredesignedandsynthesized,andtheantibacterialactivitieswereevaluatedbythestandardserial2-foldagardilutionmethodinvitro.TheresultsshowedthattheactivitiesofthecompoundsⅠaandⅠbagainstESBLE.coliandK.pneumoniaearecomparabletothoseofCefepime.

简介：AbstractThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance attributed to the overuse and abuse of antibiotics severely endangers global biosafety. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by various living organisms exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties with a low propensity to the resistance. However, the application of AMPs has been greatly limited owing to their poor stability, high manufacturing cost, and high cytotoxicity. Thus, AMP-mimetic antimicrobial cationic polymers with cationic and amphiphilic moieties have attracted considerable attention as antimicrobial agents. These polymers typically exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities, negligible antimicrobial resistance, and rapid bactericidal effect. These polymers exhibit low hemolysis and cytotoxicity by optimizing their chemical structures. In this study, we summarize the design principles and current findings of antimicrobial cationic polymers and identify potential candidates for developing innovative polymeric antimicrobials.

简介：Severalkindsofactivatedcarbonfiber(ACF),GranuleActivatedcarbon(AC)containingsilverionorfinesilverparticle(Ag-ACF/AC)havebeenpreparedbysoakingACForACinthesaltsolutionofsilver.Ag,AgClandAgIcompoundshavebeenloadedontothefibers:Thestuctureofthefiberswasmeasuredbyscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andpowerX-raydiffraction(XRD),THeAgcontentinthefiberwasobtainedbyanAtomicabsorptionspectroscopy(AAS),TheAg^+contentinwateraftertheantibacterialtestwasmeasuredbyanInductivelyCoupledplasma(ICP)emissionspectroscopy.AntibacterialtestwascarriedoutagainstEscherichiacoli(E.coli)andStaphylococcusaureus(S.aureus).TheresultsshowthatAg-ACF/AChavestrongantibacterialactivityagainstE.ColiandS.aureus.AfterdealtwithACF/ACloadingAg,AgCl,AgI,noE.coliandS.aureusaliveinsolutioncanbedetected.TheanalysisofAgcontentinwaterafterantibacterialtestshowedthatthecontentofAgmeetthequalityrequirementoftheNationalPotableWaterStandrd,ItisindicatedthatACF/AC-Aginthisexperimentwouldbeasafeantibacterialagent.

简介：现在的学习被设计从大戟属植物helioscopiaL的整个植物孤立并且评估混合物的抗菌剂活动...各种各样的色析法的技术被用来孤立并且净化混合物。混合物的结构在基础上被阐明光谱数据(1HNMR，13CNMR，1H-1H舒适，HSQC，HMBC，NOESY，红外，和HR-ESI-MS)。新jatrophone类型diterpenoid(14,15-diacetoxy-3-benzoyloxy-7-nicotinoyloxy-9-oxo-jatropha-5E,11E-diene)，命名euphoheliosnoidE(1)，从E的整个植物被孤立。helioscopiaL。对口头的病原体加重1项显示出的重要抗菌剂活动。

简介：Polymersupportedalkyldimethylbenzylammoniumchlorideresindisinfectantusedforthedisinfectionofdrinkingwaterhasbeensynthesized,anditsantibacterialactivitieshavebeendetermined,comparedwiththecommerciallyusedtriiodinedisinfectantresin.Theresindisinfectantwasgeneratedsuccessfullywhenusethecombinationofsurfaceactiveagentsandultrosonic.

简介：ApreliminarystudywasmadeontheantibacterialbehaviorofanewlydesignedCu-bearingtype200stainlesssteelbydifferentmethodsincludingVickershardnessmeasurement,electrochemicaltestandantibacterialtest.TheresultsshowedthatCu-richprecipitationscausedbythesaturatedCuinthesteelmatrixwasnotonlyacrucialfactorforitsexcellentantibacterialcapability,butalsoforitsequivalentcorrosionresistanceasgoodasthecommercialtype200stainlesssteel.

简介：AbstractBackground:Recent studies using mass drug administration (MDA) of antibiotics to entire communities have focused global attention on the unique ethical challenges of MDA of antibiotics in research and public health interventions. However, there is no specific guidance for Research Ethics Committees (RECs) or Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) to review such trials. We surveyed the literature to identify the unique ethical challenges and to strengthen the competencies of RECs or IRBs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in their ethical reviews of these trials.Methods:We employed a desk review. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, combining terms for "mass drug administration" with terms for "research ethics committees," "institutional review boards," and "ethics." We reviewed citations of search results to retrieve additional articles. Only articles published and indexed in the above databases up to 6 January 2022 in English were included. Abstracts (without full articles), books and articles that had exclusive veterinary and environmental focus were excluded. We synthesized the literature to identify particularly challenging ethical issues relevant to antibacterial MDA trials in LMICs.Results:The most challenging ethical issues can be categorised into four broad domains: determining the social value of MDA, assessing risks and benefits, engaging all stakeholders meaningfully, and study design-related ethical challenges. These four domains interact and impact each other. Together, they reveal the need for RECs/IRBs to review MDA studies through a broader lens than that of clinical trials per se. From our findings, we propose a framework to guide the RECs and IRBs in LMICs to perform the initial and continuing review of antibiotic MDA trials. We also recommend strengthening the competencies of LMIC RECs or IRBs through ongoing training and collaboration with RECs or IRBs from high-income countries.Conclusions:REC/IRB review of research using MDA of antibiotics plays a critical role in assuring the ethical conduct of MDA studies. Local RECs/IRBs should be empowered to review MDA studies comprehensively and competently in order to advance scientific knowledge about MDA and promote improved global health.

简介：为了学习简历，活跃代谢物由导出海绵的未耕作的共生者生产了，海绵Gelliodesgracilis的共生者的一个metagenomicDNA图书馆被构造。DNA的平均尺寸在图书馆插入是20kb。这个图书馆用纸圆盘assaying为抗菌素活动被屏蔽。二克隆对小球菌tetragenus显示了抗菌剂活动。这二克隆的代谢物通过HPLC被分析。结果证明他们的代谢物与主人E的那些相当不同。包含向量pHZ132的关口iDH5α和主人。这研究可以介绍一条新途径给探索简历海绵共生者的活跃代谢物。

简介：TiO2nanometerthinfilmswithphotocatalyticantibacterialactivitywerepreparedbythesol-gelmethodonfusedquartzandsodalimeglassprecoatedwithaSiO2layer.ThethinfilmswerecharacterizedbyX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),andX-raydiffraction(XRD).TheresultsshowthatsodiumandcalciumdiffusionintonascentTiO2filmiseffectivelyretardedbytheSiO2layerpre-coatedonthesodalimeglass.Theantibacterialactivityofthefilmswasdetermined.ThecrystallineofTiO2nano-meterthinfilmhasimportanteffectsontheantibacterialactivityofthefilm.

简介：Anovelantibacterialmaterial(L-PET)waspreparedbyimmobilizingε-polylysineonpolyethyleneterephthalate(PET)nonwovenfabrics.SurfacemodificationsofthefabricwereperformedbyusingachemicalmodificationprocedurewherecarboxylgroupswerepreparedonthePETsurface,acouplingagentwasgrafted,andtheε-polylysinewasimmobilized.Scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)wasusedtoanalyzethesurfacemorphologyofthefabrics,whilethetoluidinebluemethodandX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS)wereusedtoevaluatethegraftingdensities.TheantibacterialactivitiesoftheL-PETwereinvestigatedbyusingtheshaking-flaskmethod.TheelectronmicrographsshowedthatthesurfaceoftheblankPETandthemodifiedfabricsdidnotchange.TheresultsofXPSanalysisconfirmedthatε-polylysinewassuccessfullygraftedontothesurfaceofPET.TheresultsoftheantibacterialexperimentsshowedthatL-PETfabricshadexcellentantibacterialactivityagainstEscherichiacoliandStaphylococcusaureus,andthatL-PETfabricswerestableinstorageforatleasttwoyears.

简介：AbstractObjective:The aim of this work was to measure the antibacterial activity (against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus [S. aureus]) of the ethyl acetate part of Abrus cantoniensis and assess their potential as medicines.Methods:The experiment was divided into four groups: negative control group [with Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB)], positive control group (with 75% ethanol), blank group (with MHB) and test group (with the ethyl acetate part of Abrus cantoniensis). The antibacterial activities of the extracts were evaluated by the Oxford cup assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Time-kill curve experiments, scanning electron microscopy, the content of DNA, RNA and protein were used to study the antibacterial mechanism of the ethyl acetate extract part on the growth and viability of S. aureus. The study procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Xi’an Jiaotong University (approval No. XJTULAC2016-412) on January 22, 2016.Results:The ethyl acetate part of Abrus cantoniensis extract exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against the growth of S. aureus with an inhibition zone diameter of 16.4 mm and MIC value of 0.5 μg/mL. The general activity range of the ethyl acetate part, determined using a time-killing curve, was found to be 0.5 μg/mL to 40 μg/mL (MIC to 80 × MIC). Changes in the scanning electron microscopy images and of DNA, RNA and proteins of S. aureus indicated possible mechanisms of the inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate part.Conclusion:The ethyl acetate part of Abrus cantoniensis damaged bacterial cell structures, which results in protoplasm leakage, and eventually bacterial cell death.

简介：Enterococcusfaecalis(E.faecalis)isamicroorganismthatcansurviveextremechallengesinobturatedrootcanals.Theaimofthisstudywastoevaluatetheefficacyofanon-thermalatmosphericpressureplasmaplumeagainstE.faecalisinvitro.Anon-thermalatmosphericpressureplasmajetdevicewhichcouldgenerateacoldplasmaplumecarryingapeakcurrentof300mAwasused.TheantibacterialefficacyofthisdeviceagainstE.faecalisanditsbiofilmunderdifferentconditionswasdetected.TheantibacterialefficacyoftheplasmaagainstE.faecalisandStaphylococcusaureus(S.aureus)wasalsoevaluated.Afterplasmatreatment,theaveragediameterofinhibitionzoneonS.aureusandE.faecaliswas2.62±0.26cmand1.06±0.30cm,respectively(P<0.05).Thediameterwasincreasedwithprolongationofthetreatmentduration.ThediametersofinhibitionzoneofthesealedPetridisheswerelargerthanthoseoftheuncoveredPetridishes.Therewassignificantdifferenceincolony-formingunitsbetweenplasmagroupandcontrolgrouponE.faecalisbiofilm(P<0.01).ThetransmissionelectronmicroscopyrevealedthattheultrastructuralchangescytodermofE.faecaliswereobservedaftertreatmentfor2min.Itisconcludedthatthenon-thermalatmosphericpressureplasmacouldserveasaneffectiveadjuncttostandardendodonticmicrobialtreatment.

简介：Severalkindsofactivatedcarbonfibers,usingsisalfiberasprecursors,werepreparedwithsteamactivationorwithZnCl2activation.Zincoritscompoundsweredispersedinthem.Theantibacterialactivitiesoftheseactivatedcarbonfibersweredeterminedandcompared.TheresearchresultsshowedthatthesesisalbasedactivatedcarbonfiberssupportingzinchavestrongerantibacterialactivityagainstEscherichiacoliandS.aureus.Theantibacterialactivityisrelatedtotheprecursors,thepyrolysistemperature,andthezinccontent.Inaddition,smallquantityofsilversupportedonzinc-containingACFswillgreatlyenhancetheantibacterialactivityofACFs.

简介：CuprecipitationbehaviorsintwoCu-bearingausteniticantibacterialstainlesssteels,type304andtype317L,weresystematicallystudiedbyusingrelativelysimplemethodsformaterialsanalysis,includingmicro-hardness,electricalresistivity,electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopy,X-raydiffractionanddifferentialscanningcalorimetry.Theresultsindicatedthatafteragingatelevatedtemperature,themicro-hardness,electricalresistivity,electrochemicalimpedanceandlatticeconstantofthesteelwereallvariedatdifferentdegreesduetotheprecipitationandgrowthofCu-richphases.TheresultsalsoshowedthattheheatevolutionduringtheprocessofCuprecipitationcouldbesensitivelydetectedbymeansofdifferentialscanningcalorimetry,obtainningthestartingtemperature,peaktemperature,peakareaoftheCu-richprecipitation,andeventheactivationenergybycalculation.TheresultsconfirmedthattheCu-richphasedprecipitationintheCu-bearingausteniticantibacterialstainlesssteelshouldbeathermalactivationprocesscontrolledbyCudiffusion.AllthematerialsanalysismethodsusedinthisstudycanbemoresimpleandeffectiveforapplicationinR&DoftheCu-bearingantibacterialstainlesssteels.

简介：Tapwaterisoneofthemostcommonlyusedwaterresourcesinourdailylife.However,theincreasingwatercontaminationandthehealthriskcausedbypathogenicbacteria,suchasStaphylococcusaureusandEscherichiacolihaveattractedmoreattention.Themutualismofdifferentpathogenicbacteriamaydiminishantibacterialeffectofantibacterialagents.Itwasfoundthatmaterialsusedformakingpipeandtapplayedoneofthemostimportantrolesinpromotingbacterialgrowth.Thispaperistoreporttheperformanceofaninnovativetype304Cu-bearingstainlesssteel(304CuSS)againstmicrobesintapwater.Theinvestigationmethodologiesinvolvedweremeansofheterotrophicplatecount,contactanglemeasurements,scanningelectronmicroscopyforobservingthecellandsubtractsurfacemorphology,atomicabsorptionspectrometryforcopperionsreleasestudy,andconfocallaserscanningmicroscopyusedforexamininglive/deadbacteriaonnormal304stainlesssteeland304CuSS.ItwasfoundthatthesurfacefreeenergyvariedafterbeingimmersedintapwaterwithpolarcomponentandCuionsrelease.Theresultsshowed304CuSScouldeffectivelykillmostoftheplanktonicbacteria(max95.9%antibacterialrate),andconsequentlyinhibitbacterialbiofilmsformationonthesurface,contributingtothereductionofpathogenicrisktothesurroundingenvironments.