简介：AbstractPurpose:This study was designed to compare the clinical efficacy of "8" and "0" wire fixation systems combined with double-head cannulated compression screws or Kirschner wires for the treatment of transverse patellar fractures.Methods:From September 2011 to September 2018, patients with closed transverse patellar fractures treated with a double-head compression screw or Kirschner wire were included and analyzed retrospectively. Patients with patellar fractures combined with distal femoral fractures, tibial plateau fracture or preoperative lower limb dysfunction were excluded. The patients treated with the "8" tension band wire fixation system and Kirschner wire were taken as Group A; those treated with the "0" fixation system and Kirschner wire were taken as Group B; those treated with the "8" fixation system and double-head cannulated compression screw were taken as group C; and those treated with the "0" fixation system and double-head cannulated compression screw were taken as group D. Six weeks and one year after the operation and every month from the third month after the operation until the fractures healed, an X-ray examination was performed to identify fracture healing. The time of fracture healing and postoperative complications of the four groups were compared. One year after the operation, knee function was evaluated by Bostman’s score.Results:During the study period, 168 patients with patellar fractures were treated by operations, and 88 patients were excluded because the fracture type did not meet the requirements or because there were combined fractures of the distal femur or tibial plateau. As a result, 80 patients were included in this study, 20 in each group. All the patients were followed up for an average period of 12.2 months. Compared with Group A, patients in Group D presented less postoperative discomfort in the prepatellar region, quicker fracture healing, less fixation failure and better postoperative knee function scores (all p < 0.05). The incidence of internal fixation failure in Group (B+D) was lower than that in Group (A+C) (p > 0.05).Conclusion:The "0" wire fixation system combined with a double-head cannulated compression screw seems to be more beneficial than the other three fixation systems for the treatment of transverse patellar fractures.

简介：HistoricalperspectiveItwaswellknownthatin1918Takagiperformedthefirstarthroscopicinspectionofacadaver'skneeinJapan.1Hisinterestinthisarealaidthefoundationforarthroscopyandfacilitatedthedevelopmentofarthroscope.In1931,Burmanreportedanexperimentalstudyonthearthroscopicexplorationofc

简介：平坦破裂是的王牌的解剖结构复杂、起作用的暴露和固定是极其困难的。因为那些显然代替了王牌平坦破裂，更靠近的引出被注定引起致丑陋的愈合。有内部固定(ORIF)的开的减小不仅导致解剖减小，而且带复杂并发症。不管哪个方法将被采用，创伤的关节炎或大腿骨的头的脉管的坏死可能发生。以便treatacetabular更有效地断裂，矫形外科医生应该被要求充分为复杂并发症预防掌握theacetabular解剖，简历力学，分类和必要知识。

简介：Transversemixingcharacteristicsofsoluteintheopenchannelflowcanprovideusefulinformationforriverenvironmentalmanagement.Thelateralmixingcoefficientisacrucialparameterforreproducingthetransversemixingeitherbynumericalsimulationorbyanalyticalprediction.Sincethesolutemixingcanbegreatlyaffectedbythelateralvariationsinwaterdepth,mixingcoefficientshouldbedeterminedineachsub-section(i.e.,themainchannel,sideslopeandfloodplain)separately.Inthisarticle,thetransversemixinginasymmetrictrapezoidalcompoundchannelwasstudiedbasedonlaboratorymeasurementoflongitudinalandtransversevelocitycomponentsandlateraldistributionofsoluteconcentration.ThelateralmixingcoefficientwasestimatedbyadoptingdifferentSchmidtnumbersindifferentsub-sectionsdividedaccordingtothedevelopingtrendoftheeddyviscosity,andfinallyapiecewiselinearprofileofmixingcoefficientwasadoptedtoanalyticallypredictthetransversesoluteconcentration.Thecomparisonbetweentheanalyticallypredicteddataandthemeasuringsoluteconcentrationprovedthatthisisaneffectivewaytoestimatethelateralmixingintheopenchannelflowwithlateralvariationsinwaterdepth.

简介：AbstractFractures of the acetabulum in elderly patients were often caused by low energy trauma. Fractures involving anterior column are more common and often associated with impaction and comminution. Osteoporosis further complicates the management. Percutaneous fracture fixation has low morbidity but it is a technically demanding procedure. Open reduction and fracture fixation is done with or without simultaneous total hip replacement. Delayed total hip replacement is considered in posttraumatic arthritis patients. Patients with minimal displaced fractures, associated both-column fractures with secondary congruence of joint and patients who are medically unfit for surgery can be managed non-operatively. Whatever be the method of management, these elderly patients should be mobilised as early as possible.

简介：破坏损害被定义为avery骨头和软纸巾的严重损坏。我们在一些破裂盒子中发现了那的Butin临床的实践，软纸巾的损坏不象“destructiveinjury”一样严重显示，而弄碎破裂stillcannot表演骨头损坏的严厉。因此我们proposeda新术语“destructivefractures”在把破坏损害的定义与典型诊所盒子相结合以后。破坏破裂指谁的破裂骨状的纸巾太严重被损坏被修理，但是软纸巾，神经和静脉是严重地伤害的更少，canbe修理。从一年2001～2010，破坏破裂的75个盒子被同意进入我们的部门。根据是否与外部环境连结的破裂和破裂地点，他们被划分成6种类型：al类型，关上的骨干破坏骨折；a2类型，开的骨干破坏骨折；bl类型，关上的包含关节的破坏骨折；b2类型，开的包含关节的destructivefracture；c1类型，关上的混合破坏骨折；c2类型，开的混合破坏骨折。相应临床的治疗为破坏骨折的新分类标准是的每type.The被进行简单、实际并且thuscan被用作一个重要指南为破坏破裂做合理treatmentplans。

简介：Inabiasedphotorefractivecrystal,theprocessoftwoone-dimensionalwavesmixing,i.e.,thedynamicalevolutionofbothpumpbeamandsignalbeam,istracedbynumericallysolvingthecoupled-waveequation.Directsimulationsshowthatthepropagationandstabilityofthetwobeamsarecompletelydeterminedbythesystemparameters,suchastheexternalbiasfield,theintensityandthebeamwaistofthepumpbeam.Byadjustingtheseparameters,onecancontrolthestateoftwoGaussianwavesmixing.Thenumericalresultsarehelpfulforperformingatwo-wavemixingexperiment.

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简介：骨盆的破裂是严重损害。在24个小时以内的死亡最经常是尖锐的血损失的结果。这些病人的紧急情况管理挑战性、争论。在它的管理的关键问题正在识别出血的地点然后控制流血。有骨盆的骨折的血液动力学地不稳定的病人的管理要求一个多学科的队。在这个管理算法处理的问题是诊断评估，损坏控制复活，为noninvasive的指示骨盆的稳定，preperitoneal有关外科的选择和angiography的骨盆的收拾行李和批评决定。这篇评论文章在那些决心上集中于知识的最近的身体。

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheinfluenceofhipandpelvicfracture,especiallyacetabularfracturecomplicatedbysciaticnerveinjuryonclinicalfeaturesandprognosisofsciaticnerveinjury.Methods:FromJanuary1987toJanuary2000,17patients(14maleand3female)whohadhipandpelvicfracturescomplicatedbysciaticnerveinjuryweretreatedwithoperativereductionandinternalfixationandfollowedupfrom10monthsto5years.Theaverageagewas38years(ranging23-56years).Theleftextremitieswereinvolvedin11patientsandtherightin6.Twelvepatientsunderwentprimaryexplorationandneurolysisand5patientsunderwentsecondaryoperation.Results:Preoperatively,8patientsweretreatedwithlargedosesoforalnarcoticstocontroltheirseveresciaticpain.Threeofthe8patientsunderwentpatient-controlledanalgesiaandepiduralanalgesia.Afteroperation,excellentandgoodratesofreductionandfunctionalrecoveryofsciaticnervewere94.1%and88%respectively.Fourpatientsstillhadsciaticpainand2patientsfailedtorecover.Sciaticnervefunctionimprovedwithin3-6monthsaftersurgeryin11patients.Conclusions:Hipandpelvicfracturescanresultinsciaticnerveinjury,especiallycommonperonealnerveinjuryandprognosisispoor.Openreductionandinternalfixationcombinedwithnerveexplorationandneurolysisshouldbeusedasearlyaspossibleforseveresciaticpain.

简介：Objective:Toevaluatetheefficacyandsignificanceofposterolateralfusioninpreventingfailureofshort-segmentstabilizationforthetreatmentofthoracolumbarburstfractures.Methods:Sixtypatientswiththoracolumbarburstfractureswereincludedinthestudy.Thepatientswereclassifiedintotwogroups(n=30ineachgroup).InGroupA,patientsweretreatedinourhospitalwithshort-segmentinstrumentationviaposterolateralfusionwithiliacbone.InGroupB,patientsweretreatedinotherhospitalwithshort-segmentfixationwithoutfusion.Allcasescametoourhospitalforreexamination.Therewere18malesand12femalesinGroupAwithameanageof42.3years(range,24to52years)and16malesand14femalesinGroupBwithameanageof41.5years(range,19to54years).Radiographic(Cobbangle,kyphosisofthevertebralbody,andsagittalindex)andclinicaloutcomes(LowBackOutcomeScore)wereanalyzedafteranaveragefollow-upof16months.Results:Afteroperation,Cobbanglewasreducedfrom19.3°to3.1°inGroupAandfrom19.1°to3.3°inGroupB(P>0.05).Itwas5.9°inGroupAand11.9°inGroupBatthefinalfollow-up(P<0.01).Itsaveragelossofcorrectionwas2.8°inGroupAand8.6°inGroupB.Averagekyphosisofthevertebralbodywasreducedfrom21.3°to6.2°inGroupAandfrom21.7°to7.4°inGroupB(P>0.05).Itwasdecreasedto7.9°inGroupAand13.5°inGroupBatthefinalfollow-up(P<0.01).Itsaveragelossofcorrectionwas1.7°inGroupAand6.1°inGroupB.Sagittalindexwasreducedfrom21.3°to3.6°inGroupAandfrom20.5°to3.8°inGroupB(P<0.05).Itwasdecreasedto5.1°inGroupAand9.8°inGroupBatthefinalfollow-up(P<0.01).Itsaveragelosswas1.5°inGroupAand6.0°inGroupB.InGroupA,73.3%ofpatientshadanexcellentresultbasedonLowBackOutcomeScoresystem,whilethatinGroupBwasonly43.3%.Conclusions:Posterolateralfusionisaneffectivemeasuretopreventimplantfailure,anddecreaselo

简介：运动评价髌(VISA-P)规模的BackgroundThe维多利亚式的研究所是过去常与膝盖骨的tendinopathy在运动员估计症状严厉的最条件特定的报导病人的结果措施。以前的探索因素分析被进行了评估规模维数，与不一致的结果，并且规模的因素结构仍然保持不清楚。现在的学习的目的是越过包括的sexes.MethodsThe学习用确定的因素分析(CFA)和测试测量不变性决定VISA-P规模的因素的结构有膝盖骨的tendinopathy的249个西班牙的运动员的一件便利样品。CFA被执行估计因素的有效性。假设1因素和2因素模型被测试。越过性的测量不变性用EQS6.1software.ResultsThe与几个合适的索引经由多组CFA被评估内部一致性系数0.74。几个CFA模特儿被检查，在为项目的错误，7和8被相关的1因素模型出现了可接受装入比较合适的索引(CFI)和goodness-of-fit索引(GFI)的术语统计(CFI=0.93；GFI=0.94；标准化根平均数平方residual=0.06；approximation=0.10的根均方差；90%信心间隔：0.08-0.13)。这个模型越过在为项目的错误，7和8被相关的VISA-P规模(VISA-P-Sp)的西班牙的版本的1因素模型表明了的sexes.ConclusionThe是不变的亲戚装入CFA。没有性偏爱，经由VISA-P-Sp获得的分数能在男人和女人之间被比较。进一步的研究应该并发地检验VISA-P规模和另外的单个分数的报导病人的结果措施。

简介：Asaresultofthenonlineareffect,acousticstreaminghasbeenwidelyusedforincreasingthetransportcoefficientordrivingarotor,forexample,inresonantcavitiesandnon-contactultrasonicmotors.IthasbeendemonstratedbyexperimentsthatatemperaturegradienttransversetothewavepropagatingdirectioncansignificantlyincreasethevelocityofthestreamingBowsinresonantcavities.Tocheckwhetherthetransversetemperaturegradientcanalsoincreasetheworkingvelocityofacousticstreaming-drivenmotors,weinvestigatethisissuebynumericallysolvingthehydrodynamicequations.Itisfoundthatthevelocityoftherotoronlyweaklydependsonthetransversetemperaturegradient,e.g.,evenwithatemperaturedifferenceof40℃betweentherotorandthestator,thevelocityincreasesonly~8.8%.

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简介：TheSutongBridgeinChinaopenedtotrafficin2008,andisanarterialconnectionbetweenthecitiesofNantongandSuzhou.Itisacable-stayedbridgewithamainspanof1,088m.Duetoatightconstructionscheduleandlackofsuitableseismicdevicesatthetime,fixedsupportswereinstalledbetweenthepiersandthegirderinthetransversedirection.Asaresult,significanttransverseseismicforcescouldoccurinthepiersandfoundations,especiallyduringareturnperiodofa2500-yearearthquake.Therefore,thepiers,foundationsandfixedbearingshadtobedesignedextraordinarilystrong.However,whenlargerearthquakesoccur,thebearings,piersandfoundationsarestillvulnerable.Therecentrapiddevelopmentsinseismictechnologyandtheperformance-baseddesignapproachofferabetteropportunitytooptimizethetransverseseismicdesignfortheSutongBridgepiers.TheoptimizeddesigncanbeappliedtotheSutongBridge(asaretrofit),aswellasotherbridges.Seismicdesignalternativesutilizingviscousfluiddampers(VFD),orfrictionpendulumslidingbearings(FPSB),ortransverseyieldingmetallicdampers(TYMD)arethoroughlystudiedinthiswork,andtheresultsarecomparedwiththosefromthecurrentconditionwithfixedtransversesupportsandahypotheticalconditioninwhichonlyslidingbearingsareprovidedontopofthepiers(thegirdercanmove"freely"inthetransversedirectionduringtheearthquake,exceptforfrictionalforcesoftheslidingbearings).Parametricanalyseswereperformedtooptimizethedesignoftheseproposedseismicdevices.Fromthecomparisonofthepeakbridgeresponsesintheseconfigurations,itwasfoundthatbothVFDandTYMDareveryeffectiveinthereductionoftransverseseismicforcesinpiers,whileatthesametimekeepingtherelativetransversedisplacementsbetweenpiersandtheboxgirderwithinacceptablelimits.However,comparedtoVFD,TYMDdonotinteractwiththelongitudinaldisplacementsofthegirder,andhavesimplerdetail

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简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheindication,perioperativeannouncements,selectionofprosthesisandclinicalresultsofshoulderhemiarthroplastyforthetreatmentofcomplexproximalhumeralfractures.Methods:Atotalof55patientswhosufferedfromcom-plexproximalhumeralfracturesweretreatedbyshoulderhemiarthroplasty.Themeanagewas55.6yearsandmeanfollow-upperiodwas25.1months.Thescoringsystemmodi-ficationforhemiarthroplasty(SSMH)hadbeenadoptedforevaluationatthelatestfollow-up.Results:Thepainwasobviouslyrelievedinallpatients.Fiftypatientswerepainlessand5patientshadslightpain.Themeanrangeofmotionwas100°(90°-110°)inabduction,95°(80°-100°)inforwardflexion,35°(30°-40°)inextemalrotationandinternalrotationwasconfinedatL2level(L1-L3).ThemeanSSMHscorewas27.9(24-29).Fiftypatients(90.1%)weresatisfiedwiththeclinicaloutcome.Conclusions:Shoulderhemiarthroplastyisaneffectivemethodtotreatcomplexproximalhumeralfractures.Theproperselectionofpatientsandprosthesis,goodoperationskillandenoughfunctionalexercisearethekeypointsofsuccessfultreatment.

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