简介:摘要结合学校教学、生活中常见的现象,来激发学生学习地理的兴趣。运用所学的地理知识解释生活中的一些现象。结合一些地区的经济发展策略来了解生活中的地理。重视“新闻联播”,掌握“生活中的地理”
简介:AIM:Toexploretheeffectofsaturatedhydrogensalineonbluelight-inducedretinaldamageinrats.·METHODS:Theretinaldamageofratswasinducedbybluelightexposurefor6hoursandexamined8hours,16hoursand24hoursaftertheexposure.OnehundredfemaleSprague-Dawleyratswererandomlydividedintofourgroups.Group1included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithoutanyothertreatment.Group2included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithintraperitonealinjectionofnormalsaline.Group3included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithintraperitonealinjectionofsaturatedhydrogensaline.AndGroup4includedtheother10ratswhichdidnotreceiveanytreatment.Theamountofintraperitonealinjectionofsaturatedhydrogensalineandnormalsalinewascalculatedintheratioof1ml/100gofratweight.SpecimenswerecollectedandprocessedbyH-Estaining,ultrastructureobservation,biochemicalmeasurement.Morphologicalchangeswereobservedbylightmicroscopeandtransmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)andtheretinalouternuclearlayer(ONL)thicknesswasmeasuredbyIPP6.0,whilethemalondialdehyde(MDA)wasmeasuredbycolorimetricdeterminationat532nm.·RESULTS:AlthoughthestructureofretinainGroup1andGroup2wasinjuredheavily,theinjuryinGroup3wasmild.ThedifferencesbetweenGroup1andGroup2werenotsignificant.ComparedwiththeratsinGroup1andGroup2,theonesinGroup3hadmoreclearlydemarcatedretinastructureandmoreorderedcellsbylightmicroscopeandTEMobservation.TheONLthicknesses(400times)offourgroupsateachtimepointexceptbetweenGroup1andGroup2weresignificantlydifferent(P<0.05).ThethicknessesoftheONLinGroup1atthreetimepointswere30.41±4.04μm,26.11±2.82μmand20.63±1.06μm,inGroup2were31.62±4.54μm,25.08±3.63μmand19.07±3.86μm,inGroup3were29.75±3.62μm,28.83±1.97μmand27.61±1.83μm.InGroup4themeanofthethicknesswas37.35±1.37μm.Astimewentby,thedamageg
简介:AIM:Anaerobicbacteriacancauseocularinfections.WetestedtheOxyPlateTMAnaerobicSystem(OXY)toisolatepertinentanaerobicbacteriathatcancauseoculardisease.METHODS:OXY,whichdoesnotrequiredirectanaerobicconditions(i.e.bags,jars),wascomparedtoconventionalisolationofincubatingculturemediainanaerobicbags.Standardcoloniescountswereperformedonanaerobicocularbacterialisolatesunderaerobicandanaerobicconditions(anaerobicbags)usingagarmedia:1)OXY(aerobiconly),2)5%sheepblood(SB),3)Chocolate,and4)Schaedler.Thebacteriatestedwerede-identifiedocularisolatesculturedfromendophthalmitisanddacryocystitisthatinclude10Propionibacteriumacnesand3Actinomycesspecies.Thecolonycountsforeachbacteriaisolate,oneachculturingcondition,wererankedfromlargesttosmallest,andnon-parametricallycomparedtodeterminethebestculturingcondition.RESULTS:Allanaerobicconditionswerepositiveforalloftheanaerobicisolates.SBandSchaedler’sagarunderaerobicconditionsdidnotsupportthegrowthofanaerobicbacteria.SparsegrowthwasnotedonchocolateagarwithPropionibacteriumacnes.Asananaerobicsystem,SBinananaerobicbagisolatedhighercolonycountsthanOXY(P=0.0028)andchocolateagar(P=0.0028).CONCLUSION:AlthoughOXYdidnottesttobemoreefficientthanotheranaerobicsystems,itappearstobeareasonablealternativeforisolatinganaerobicbacteriafromocularsites.Theuseofanagarmediuminaspeciallydesignedplate,withouttherequirementofananaerobicbag,renderedOXYasanadvantageoverotheranaerobicsystems.
简介:AIM:TopresenttheresultsofimplantationofIakymenkokeratoprosthesisinfivepatientswithvascularizedcornealleukomacausedbysevereocularinjury.·METHODS:Iakymenkokeratoprosthesiswasimplantedinto5eyesof5patients:4patientsweresufferedfromchemicalburnsand1patientfromexplosiveinjury.Thepreoperativevisualacuityrangedfromlightperceptiontohandmotion.Theimplantationsurgerywascomposedoftwo-stageprocedures.Thefollow-upperiodwasfrom9monthsto11years.Theoutcomemeasureswerevisualacuity,retention,andcomplicationsofthekeratoprosthesis.·RESULTS:Visionimprovementswereachievedinmostpatients.Allkeratoprosthesiswereretainedwithinthefollow-upperiod.Cornealmeltingoccurredinonepatientandfibrousclosureinanotherpatient,bothofwhichweresuccessfullytreated.Retinaldetachmentoccurredinonepatientaftersurgery.·CONCLUSION:Iakymenkokeratoprosthesisseemstobeapromisingalternativeforthepatientswithseverecornealinjury,butfurtherinvestigationisneededtoevaluatetheroleofIakymenkokeratoprosthesis.
简介:AIM:Toevaluatechangesintheanteriorchamberdepth(ACD),crystallinelensthickness(LT)anditsrefractivepowerafterlaserinsitukeratomileusis(LASIK).·METHODS:Inallcases,thepreoperativeandpostoperativecentralACDwhichweremeasuredwithPentacam,Orbscan,IOL-MasterandA-scanultrasonography,centralcornealtruenetpowerwhichwasmeasuredwiththePentacam,OrbscanandIOL-Master,axiallength(AL)whichwasmeasuredwithIOL-MasterandLTwhichwasmeasuredwiththeA-scanultrasonographywerecomparedusingthepairedsamplettest.OcularrefractiveerrorsandlensrefractivepoweratcornealplanewerecalculatedandtheircorrelationswerealsoevaluatedbeforeandafterLASIK.RESULTS:At1weekafterLASIK,LTandcrystallinelensrefractivepoweratcornealplane(Dlens)whichwereassociatedwiththeIOL-MasterandPentacamincreasedsignificantly(P≤0.005),ACDdecreasedsignificantly(P≤0.001),butnosignificantincreasewasobservedintheDlenswhichwasassociatedwiththeOrbscan(P=0.261).SignificantcorrelationsbetweenthechangesintheocularrefractiveerrorsandDlenswhichwereassociatedwiththePentacamwereobservedat1weekand6monthsafterLASIK(P=0.028;P=0.001).CONCLUSION:LTincreasedsignificantlyafterLASIK,andthismightpartiallyleadtoACDdecrease,Dlensincreaseandasmallquantityofmyopicregression.
简介:AIM:Toinvestigatetheefficacyofnon-buckledvitrectomywithclassicalendotamponadeagentsinthetreatmentofprimaryretinaldetachment(RD)complicatedbyinferiorbreaksandproliferativevitreoretinophathy(PVR).METHODS:Aretrospective,consecutiveandcaseseriesstudyof40patientswithinferiorbreakRDandPVR≥C1wasconducted.Allpatientsunderwentastandard3-port20-gaugeparsplanavitrectomy(PPV)withgasorsiliconeoiltamponadewithoutsupplementaryscleralbuckling.Thevitreousandallproliferativemembranewerecompletelyremoved,andretinectomywasperformedwhennecessary.Themeanfollow-upwas12.5months.Theprimaryandfinalanatomicsuccessrate,visualacuityandcomplicationswererecordedandanalyzed.RESULTS:Primaryanatomicsuccessratewasachievedin35of40eyes(87.5%)andthefinalanatomicsuccessratewas100%.ThemostcommoncauseofredetachmentwasrecurrentPVR.Thebest-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA)atfinalfollow-upwasimprovedin34eyes(85%),remainedstablein1eye(2.5%),andworsenedin5eyes(12.5%).Themeanvisualacuityatfinalfollow-upwasimprovedsignificantly(P=0.000).CONCLUSION:ThisretrospectivestudyprovidesevidencethatvitrectomywithoutscleralbucklingseemedtobeaneffectivetreatmentforinferiorbreakRDwithPVR.Withcompleteremovalofvitreousandproliferativemembranesandtimingofretinectomy,theinferiorbreakswhichcomplicatedwithPVRcouldbeclosedsuccessfullywithoutadditionalscleralbuckling.