简介:日益增长的白内障盲表明目前白内障手术数量还远远低于清除白内障积存数及服务新发病人的要求。经济状况越好,文化程度越高,对视力的要求也会越强烈,病人也会更早地要求实施白内障手术。老年人口的增加也会使得白内障手术的需求成倍增加。即使在印度,白内障手术率(CSR)高达每百万人口3250例,白内障手术率仍然需要提高2-3倍,才能有效地解决白内障盲的问题。在很多国家,白内障手术率甚至要提高10倍才能解决问题。增加白内障手术服务本身就是一个极大的挑战。同样具有挑战的是保证服务的质量。这需要不断增加的资源(扩充容量)及最大限度地使用现有资源(提高效率)。本文中讨论在现有服务制度下,如何扩充容量,提高效率,这正是很多地方所需要的。
简介:目的:探讨白内障术后屈光状态特点及术前前房深度(anteriorchamberdepth,ACD)与术后屈光状态的关系分析。方法:将96例96眼白内障患者随机分为两组,超声乳化组患者采用超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体(intraocularlens,IOL)植入术治疗,小切口组患者采用小切口囊外摘除联合IOL植入术治疗。统计两组患者手术前后前房深度变化情况及术后屈光状态和屈光完全矫正值,分析其相关性。结果:超声乳化组患者术后ACD增厚0.74mm,小切口组患者术后ACD增厚0.78mm,术后两组患者ACD比较差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。超声乳化吸除联合IOL植入术和小切口囊外摘除联合IOL植入术后,两组患者ACD均明显加深(P〈0.05),且两组患者术后矫正视力均明显优于裸眼视力(P〈0.05)。两组患者术后屈光度主要为0-+1.0D(41.67%和54.16%)和+1.25-+2.0D(43.75%和33.33%)(P〉0.05)。结论:白内障IOL植入术后患者ACD明显加深,临床需充分考虑ACD的变化情况,提高IOL屈光度数计算准确性。
简介:目的比较近视性弱视儿童与同龄矫正视力正常的儿童屈光状态变化的差别。方法收集2006年1月~2015年12月诊为近视性屈光不正的儿童96例(174眼),按初诊时屈光状态分为低、中、高度近视。分别比较近视性弱视眼组与同期矫正视力正常的非弱视近视眼组年均屈光度改变情况。结果非弱视组和弱视组近视屈光度每年加深(-0.67±0.74)D和(-1.09±1.38)D,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05);初诊为低度、中度和高度近视的弱视眼近视屈光度年均加深(-0.97±0.88)D,(-1.48±1.29)D和(-1.89±1.06)D,低度、中度和高度近视的非弱视眼分别为(-0.57±0.61)D,(-0.68±0.49)D和(-0.78±0.29)D;低、中、高度近视性弱视儿童的近视屈光度年均加深幅度均显著高于非弱视眼(P〈0.05)。结论近视性弱视儿童与单纯近视儿童一样,近视屈光度随年龄增长逐年增加,近视程度愈高,增加的幅度愈大。且初诊为不同程度近视性弱视眼的近视屈光度逐年加深幅度均大于非弱视眼。
简介:AIM:TopresenttheresultsofimplantationofIakymenkokeratoprosthesisinfivepatientswithvascularizedcornealleukomacausedbysevereocularinjury.·METHODS:Iakymenkokeratoprosthesiswasimplantedinto5eyesof5patients:4patientsweresufferedfromchemicalburnsand1patientfromexplosiveinjury.Thepreoperativevisualacuityrangedfromlightperceptiontohandmotion.Theimplantationsurgerywascomposedoftwo-stageprocedures.Thefollow-upperiodwasfrom9monthsto11years.Theoutcomemeasureswerevisualacuity,retention,andcomplicationsofthekeratoprosthesis.·RESULTS:Visionimprovementswereachievedinmostpatients.Allkeratoprosthesiswereretainedwithinthefollow-upperiod.Cornealmeltingoccurredinonepatientandfibrousclosureinanotherpatient,bothofwhichweresuccessfullytreated.Retinaldetachmentoccurredinonepatientaftersurgery.·CONCLUSION:Iakymenkokeratoprosthesisseemstobeapromisingalternativeforthepatientswithseverecornealinjury,butfurtherinvestigationisneededtoevaluatetheroleofIakymenkokeratoprosthesis.
简介:AIM:Toinvestigatethefrequencyofidiopathicphacodonesis(IP)insenilecataractsubjectsandtheshort-termclinicaloutcomesfollowingcataractsurgery.METHODS:Thisinstitutionalcase-controlstudyincluded1301consecutivelow-incomecataractsubjectsfromJunetoNovember2009.Anteriorsegmentwerecarefullyevaluatedwithdilatedpupilunderslit-lamp.IPwerescreenedandgradedbyacriteriasetbytheauthors.Riskfactors,surgicaloutcomes,andoperativecomplicationswereanalyzed.RESULTS:Atotalof42subjects(3.2%)withIPwerediagnosedandclassifiedasgrade1(36subjects),grade2(5subjects)andgrade3(1subject).HarderlensesandintumescentcataractswereobservedintheIPgroupthanthecontrolgroup(P<0.05).Logisticsregressiontestalsoindicatedthemainriskfactorwasthehardnessofthelens.Theincidenceofzonulardialysisduringsurgerywas23.8%(10eyes),whichwassignificantlyhigherthanthecontrols(0.7%,P<0.001).Visualoutcomesofthetwogroupswerenotstatisticallyorclinicallysignificant.CONCLUSION:HardnucleusandintumescentcataractarerelatedtoIPinsenilecataractsubjectsinQinghai,China.Withmorecarebeingtaken,grade1andsomeofthegrade2IPsubjectsachievedsimilarsurgicaloutcomesascomparedtocontrols.
简介:目的探讨小瞳孔状态下行小切口碎核白内障摘除联合人工晶体植入术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年7月至2013年7月在我院行小切口碎核自内障摘除联合人工晶体植入术的小瞳孔白内障患者28例(28眼),术中根据患者实际情况,分别采用粘弹剂推注力钝性分离及虹膜切开法扩大瞳孔,术后随访1至6个月,重点观察记录患者术后并发症、视力及瞳孔状态。结果术后随访28例患者视力均有不同程度提高,术后1月视力0.1—0.3者6例,〉0.3者22例,其中〉0.6者占10例,除1例患者术后瞳孔上移、1例瞳孔不规则散大,余26例眼瞳孔均恢复正圆状态,直径2.5—4mm,所有患者均无严重并发症发生。结论小瞳孔状态下行小切口碎核白内障摘除联合人工晶体植入术,术中利用粘弹剂推注力钝性分离及虹膜切开法扩大瞳孔是一种安全有效的手术方法。
简介:AIM:Tofindasimplemathematicalcorrelationbetweenthelensbasecurve(BC)andkeratometryfindings(krf).METHODS:Thisretrospectivestudyincluded400keratoconiceyes(350patients)previouslyfitwithrigidcontactlensesatanacademiceyecenteroverafiveyearperiod.Thepatientswereclassifiedintofivegroupsbasedonthekeratometryfindings(krf<7,krf:7-8,krf>8,krf-krs(differencebetweentwokeratometry;flatandsteep)=0.3-0.6,krf-krs>0.6mmasgroups1to5,respectively.MultivariatelinearregressionandMunro’scorrelationcoefficientwereemployedtodefertheformulas.RESULTS:Alinearcorrelationcouldbefoundinallgroupsexceptforpatientsingroup3.Forgroup1,BC=0.211×krf+5.904.Forgroup2,BC=0.456×krf+4.160.Forgroup4,BC=0.321×krf+5.219.Forgroup5,BC=0.337×krf+5.090.CONCLUSION:ThedevelopmentofnewformulasforRGPfittingenablesophthalmologiststoworkwithconfidenceandpreventsunnecessaryandfrequentlenstrials.Thecustomarylensfittingmethodsareneededtobereplacedbynewformulas,whichhelptosavetimeandcosts.
简介:目的分析老年人视力损害的眼病病因及心理影响。方法收集眼科门诊60岁以上老人850例,分三组:60-69岁,70-79岁,≥80岁。检查视力、眼科仪器检查、评估心理状况,对数据进行统计分析。结果各视力级别的总比例:≥5.0(5.46%),较好视力4.5-4.9(60.62%),低视力4.0-4.4(24.34%),盲〈4.0(9.58%)。在年龄组间随年龄增高,较好视力的比例下降(66.45%,57.11%,38.23%),低视力(25.33%,35.54%,47.27%)和盲(5.12%,7.24%,14.50%)的比率升高,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。随视力级别下降,心理状况水平优的人数比例而降低(90.13%,82.31%,34.24%,2.10%),状况水平差的比例而升高(1.73%,5.46%,45.35%,85.44%),差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。低视力和盲的主要眼病构成比:白内障52.33%,屈光不正20.11%,老年性黄斑变性14.32%,糖尿病视网膜病变7.02%,眼底静脉阻塞3.10%。结论老年人视力损害眼病前五位是白内障,屈光不正,老年性黄斑变性,糖尿病视网膜病变,眼底静脉阻塞。老年人低视力和盲的比例高,视力损害者不良心理状况比例高,视力损害对老年人心理状况的影响值得重视。
简介:AIM:Toevaluatetheeffectsandsafetyofphacoemu-lsification(Phaco)orsmall-incisionextracapsularcataractsurgery(SICS)andintraocularlens(IOL)implantationforagedpatients.METHODS:Totally137agedpatients(149eyes)underwentcataractoperationinthecaseofstablesystemiccondition,thebloodpressurelessthan160/95mmHg,bloodglucoselessthan8mmol/L,andunderthehelpofelectrocardiogramsurveillancebyanesthesiologistsduringtheoperation.106agedpatients(114eyes)underwentPhacowhile31agedpatients(35eyes)underwentSICS.Thepostoperativevisualacuity,cornealendothelialcellloss,surgerytimeandmajorcomplicationswereobservedandanalyzedretrospectively.RESULTS:Thebest-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA)of≥0.6wasachievedin135eyes(92.6%)at1monthpostoperatively(χ2=259.730,P<0.001).Foragedpatients,bothPhacoandSICScouldsignificantlyimprovevisualacuitywithnosignificantdifference(χ2=4.535,P>0.05).Postoperativecornealendothelialcelllosswas18.6%,inPHACOgroup,theratewas18.5%;inSICSgroup,theratewas19.0%,thedifferenceofwhichwasnosignificant(χ2=0.102,P>0.05).Thesurgerytimewasdifferentintwogroups.Noseverecomplicationsoccurred.CONCLUSION:BothPhacoandSICScombinedwithIOLimplantationforagedpatientsareeffectiveandsafe.Beforesurgery,detailedphysicalexaminationshouldbeperformed.Whenthesystemicconditionisstable,cataractsurgeryforagedpatientsissafe.
简介:目的调查视网膜母细胞瘤(retinoblastoma,RB)患儿家长的心理健康状况。方法采用国际通用的焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表对121名患儿家长进行问卷调查,以国内常模作为对照。采用SAS8.0统计软件对数据进行t检验和方差分析。结果RB患儿家长的焦虑标准分(53.80±10.42)和抑郁标准分(58.90±10.89)均高于国内常模(P均〈0.0001)。双眼RB患儿家长的焦虑标准分(58.19±10.57)和抑郁标准分(62.46±11.84)明显高于单眼RB组(焦虑和抑郁值分别为51.73±9.77,57.22±10.09,P值分别为0.0083,0.0423)。患儿所处的治疗阶段不同,家长文化程度不同,家庭经济状况不同,家长的焦虑和抑郁程度也不同。结论RB患儿家长的焦虑、抑郁水平明显高于国内正常人群,提示对RB患儿家长进行心理疏导的必要性。
简介:AIM:ToevaluatethecornealendothelialcelldensityandmorphologyinChinesepatientswithpseudoexfoliationsyndrome(PEX).·METHODS:Medicalrecordsof16patients(20eyes)withPEXwhopresentedtoourinstitutionbetweenJuly2008andJune2010wereretrospectivelyreviewed.Thirteeneyeshadcombinedglaucoma.Theinformationoffiveapparentlynormalfelloweyesinthesepatientswasalsorecorded.Lefteyesof20patientswithbilateralsenilecataractsbutnoothereyediseasewereincludedascontrols.Specularmicroscopywasperformedinalleyestoanalyzeforcornealendothelialcelldensityandmorphology.Celldensity,coefficientofvariationincellsize,andpercentageofhexagonalcellsincornealendotheliumwereevaluated.·RESULTS:ThemeancornealendothelialcelldensityinthePEXeyeswas2298±239cells/mm2,significantlylowerthanthatinthecataracteyes(2652±18cells/mm2,P=0.026),buttherewerenosignificantdifferencesincoefficientofvariationofcellsizeandfrequencyofhexagonalitybetweenthesetwogroups.NosignificantdifferencesinthethreeparameterswerefoundbetweentheapparentlynormalfelloweyesandthePEXeyesorthecataracteyes,orbetweenthePEXeyeswithandwithoutglaucoma.·CONCLUSION:CornealendothelialcelldensitymaydecreaseinChinesepatientswithPEX.ThedevelopmentofglaucomainPEXeyesdoesnotseemtoberelatedwiththechangeincornealendothelialcelldensityormorphology.
简介:AIM:ToidentifythefunctionofST2andexploretheroleofIL-33/ST2signalinginregulatingthepro-allergiccytokineproductioninhumancornealepithelialcells(HCECs).METHODS:HumancornealtissuesandculturedprimaryHCECsweretreatedwithIL-33indifferentconcentrationswithoutorwithdifferentinhibitorstoevaluatetheexpression,locationandsignalingpathwaysofST2inregulatingproductionofpro-allergiccytokineandchemokine.TheexpressionofmRNAwasdeterminedbyreversetranscriptionandrealtimePCR,andproteinproductionwasmeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA),immunohistochemicalandimmunofluorescentstaining.ST2proteinwasdetectedindonorcornealepithelium,andST2signalwasenhancedbyexposuretoIL-33.·RESULTS:IL-33significantlystimulatedproductionofpro-allergiccytokinesthymicstromallymphopoietin(TSLP)andchemokine(CCL2,CCL20,CCL22)inHCECsatbothmRNAandproteinlevels.Thesestimulatedproductionsofpro-allergicmediatorsbyIL-33wereblockedbyST2antibodyorsolubleST2protein(P<0.05).Interestingly,theIκB-αinhibitorBAY11-7082orNF-κBactivationinhibitorquinazolineblockedNF-κBp65proteinnucleartranslocation,andalsosuppressedtheproductionsofthesepro-allergiccytokinesandchemokineinducedbyIL-33.CONCLUSION:ThesefindingsdemonstratethatIL-33/ST2signalingplaysanimportantroleinregulatingIL-33inducedpro-allergicresponses.IL-33andST2couldbecomenovelmoleculartargetsfortheinterventionofallergicdiseasesinocularsurface.