简介:胃癌在临床上指的是发源于胃黏膜上皮的恶性肿瘤。胃癌的发病与遗传因素、生活环境以及幽门螺旋杆菌感染有着极为密切的联系。伴随着生活压力的增加以及饮食习惯的改变,近些年我国胃癌发病率呈现出逐年增高的态势。大部分胃癌患者在发病初期临床症状并不典型,随着病程的推进会出现上腹不适、疼痛、食欲下降等症状。胃癌若持续性进展,则会严重危害到患者的身体健康。在日常生活中人们的一些坏习惯也会增加其患胃癌的风险。但大部分人由于对胃癌这一疾病不甚了解,所以在日常生活中也对这些坏习惯未加以重视。那么,究竟哪些坏习惯容易得胃癌呢?
简介:胃癌是导致癌症患者死亡的主要疾病之一,而现有的治疗手段有限。当前免疫检测点抑制剂在肿瘤的治疗中取得了突破进展,相关研究迅速覆盖到胃癌。针对免疫检查点抗程序性死亡分子1(PD-1)/PD-1配体(PD-L1)抗体的临床研究正在广泛开展。本文对胃癌发生的免疫机制,PD-1/PD-L1表达,抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体早期临床研究及抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体预测疗效的生物标志物的研究进行文献复习。
简介:Objective:Toinvestigatethepost-transcriptionalregulationofp21WAF1/CIP1byp53.Methods:TheMDA-MB-468cellshaveendogenousmutantp53andtheMCF7cellslineshavewtp53.Recombinantp53expressionandp21WAF1/CIP1inductionweredetectedbyWesternblotanalysis.Northernblotanalysiswascarriedouttoexaminewhetherchangesinp21WAF1/CIP1proteinlevelsinMCF7cellstreatedwithAdCMVp53arereflectedatthemRNAlevel.FlowcytometricanalysisofMCF7cellsfollowingoverexpressionofrecombination.Results:Theratioofp53:p21WAF1/CIP1wasbelow1attheearlystagesofAdCMVp53infection,butincreasedto1.6byday3andto9.7byday5post-infection.Asexpected,p21WAF1/CIP1expressionwasnotdetectableinMDA-MB-468cellsdespitethepresenceofhighlevelsofmutantp53protein.TheG1/SratiosinuntreatedcontrolsandAdCMVβgalinfectedMCF7cellswere1.10and1.35,respectively.ByNorthernblotanalyzingthep21WAF1/CIP1:GAPDHratiosatdifferenttimepointsagainsttheratioattimepoint0,amaximum3-foldinductionofp21WAF1/CIP1mRNAexpressionrelativetountreatedcontrolwasobservedonday1post-infection.TheflowcytometricanalysisindicatedthatMCF7cellsinfectedwithAdCMVp53undergoG1arrestatbothtimepointsstudied,withG1/Sratiosrangingfrom5.54atday1to5.65atday7.TheG1/SratiosinuntreatedcontrolsandAdCMVβgalinfectedMCF7cellswere1.10and1.35,respectively.Conclusion:Thisstudydemonstratedthatp53couldregulatep21WAF1/CIP1geneexpressionatboththetranscriptionalandpost-transcriptionallevelsinMCF7cells.Thelattermechanismmaybeinvolvedinorberesponsiblefor,theinductionofcellcyclearrestbytranscription-defectivemutantsofp53.