简介：Thewideapplicationofnewinformationandcommunicationtechnologies(ICTs)hasbeenarguedtobecriticaltobusinesssuccessofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs),especiallytothoseinthedevelopingcountries.Drawinguponexistingliterature,thisarticlewillexaminethedeterminantsofICTsapplicationinSMEsinChinabasedondatacollectedfrominterviewswithtopmanagersand/orownersof70SMEs.Weidentify20factorsaffectingICTsapplicationinSMEsinChinaanddividethemintofourbroadcategories,namelypressures,firmspecificfactors,technicalfactorsandlocalmilieu.WealsopayspecialattentiontotheChinesebusinessenvironmentaffectingICTsapplication.OuranalysisshowsthatlocalICTinfrastructure,externalpressuresfromcompetitorsandICTknowledgeofemployeesarethedeterminantsofInternetapplicationbySMEs,whileproductcharacteristicsandmarkettargetareimportantfactorsofe-commerceadoption.

简介：Climatechangehasbecomewidelyacceptedasachallengethathumanswillfaceinthenot-too-distantfuture.Mountainecosystemsandtheirinhabitantsareamongthemostvulnerabletoclimatechange.ThispaperseekstoexplainmigrationdriversinspecificmountainregionsinthecontextofclimatechangebasedonForesight’sconceptualframework.AclimatechangesensitivefieldnamedShangnanCountyinsouthernShaanxiProvinceischosenasthecasestudyareatoinvestigatelocalmigrationdrivers.Aseriesofqualitativeresearchmethodsisemployedinthecasestudyincludingparticipantobservation,semi-structuredinterviews,andfocusgroupdiscussions.Theevidenceofsurveysuggeststhatmigrationdecisionsarenotonlyshapedbymacrofactorsinaspectsofenvironmental,economics,demographic,social,politicsandpsychological,butalsoinfluencedbyplaced-relatedbarriersandfacilitatingmechanismsandpersonalcharacteristics.

简介：TheTaoerRiverbasinistheepitomeinthewestofNortheastChinaanditisoneofthemostfragileandsensitiveecoregions.Thus,protectionofwaterqualityoftheTaoerRiverisimportant.Notonlypointsourcepollutionbutnon-pointsource(NPS)pollutionresultsindeterioratingwaterquality.Inthisstudy,long-termhydrologicimpactassessmentmodelwasusedtoevaluatetheimpactsoflandusechangeimpactsonNPSpollution,andthereplacementcostmethodwasusedtocalculatetheeconomiclosscausedbyNPSpollution.ThroughanalyzingtheNPSpollutantloadsofdifferentlandcategoriesandtheeconomicloss,thearticleputsforwardthatthereexistsacloserelationshipbetweenland-usetypesandNPSpollution,andagriculturalpollutionisthemaincomponentoftheNPSpollutioninthisarea.Theresultsofthisstudycanprovidedecision-makingbasisforagriculturaldevelopmentandland-usechange.

简介：

简介：Sincethe1990s,theYellowRiverstreamhasbeentemporarilyinterruptedforseveralyears,whichaffectsthedevelopmentofsociety,theeconomyandhumanlife,limitstheeconomicpotentialofthedrainageareas,andespeciallycausesgreatharmtoregionsonthelowerreaches.Basedontheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenthedevelopmentofsocietyandeconomyandwaterscarcity,theauthorthinksitisnecessarytooptimizeandadjusttheindustrialstructurethathasextravagantlyconsumedenormousamountsofwater,andtodevelopecologicalagriculture,industryandtourismwhicharebalancedwiththeecologicalenvironment.Finally,theauthorputsforwardseveralpiecesofadviceandcountermeasuresabouthowtobuildtheeconomicsystemsbywhichwatercanbeusedeconomically.

简介：Fuelwoodisoneofthemajorsourcesofenergyinthedomesticsectoracrosstheruralareas,especiallyinthedevelopingregionsacrosstheworld.TheNortheasternHimalayanstateofManipurisdominatedbythetribalpopulationthatlargelydependsonfuelwoodfromthenearbyforestarea.Theentiredependenceonforestsforenergyresourcesisaffectingthesustainabilityoftheforestecosystemintheregion,thusindicatingthelivelihoodconditions.Sinceland-useland-coverchangeisthekeydrivertothechangeinresourceavailabilityofaregion,thepresentstudyhastriedtoanalyzethelandcoverchangesoveraperiod28years.Thesecondmajorcomponentaffectingresourceavailabilityistheincreasingpopulationpressurethatleadstochangesinthelanddynamics,whichdirectlyaffecttheresourceproduction.Basedontheexistingconsumptionpattern,thetotalconsumptionoffuelwoodinthewatershedrangesfiomaminimumof289.992tons/yeartoamaximumof3545.719tons/yearwithanaverageof1561.956tons/yearintheyear2009andsimulatedfuelwoodconsumptionfortheyear2021isaround1469.260tons/year.Ninedifferentprobablescenariosofresourceareproposedtocalculatethestressvaluethatcanbeusedbythepolicy-makersandplannersforsuitablepolicyimplementationatthemicrolevelwithacomplexsocialsystem.

简介：FragileecologicalenvironmentandpovertycorrelatetoandreinforceeachothercloselyinWesternChina.Atthesametime,WesternChinaisalsothemostprominentareaoftheknowledgeandhumanpovertywithverylowlaborforcequality.OnthebasisofanalyzingthecharacteristicsofpovertyinWesternChina,thispaperstudiesthecouplingrelationshipbetweenfragileecologicalenvironmentandpovertyinWesternChina,includingtheimpactsoffragileenvironmentonpovertyoccurrenceandtheeffectsofecologicalconstructiononpovertyalleviation.Italsoanalyzedhowlowlaborqualitycausespersistentpovertyinthewesternregion.Attheendofthepaper,strategiesofdiversitypovertyalleviationinWesternChinaaresuggestedbasedonsustainabledevelopment,includingeducationimprovement,ecologicalconstruction,industriesdevelopment,infrastructureconstruction,planninginstitutioninnovation,andsoon.

简介：RapidurbanizationinBeijingstimulatestheurbanlandexpansionanddiminishesavailableagriculturalland.Monofunctionalagriculturallandusecannotmeetthedemandofthedevel-opmentofthemultifunctionalagricultureandurbanizationanymore,somultifunctionalagriculturallanduseisgoingtobepromotedinthecity.Thisarticleproposestheevolvementofthelandusechangefrom1992to2004anddiscussessomeevolvementviews.

简介：Themainobjectiveofthisstudyistosimulatethepotentialvegetationtypesonthebasisofenvironmentalparameters.ThepapertookBarkamCountyinamountainousregionoftheEasternTibetanPlateauasthestudyarea.Thevegetationdistributionwasmappedin1994and2007basedonTMremotesensingimagesbyobject-orientedinterpretationmethod.Weoverlaidthetwomapstofindoutthevegetationpatcheswhichhavenotchanged,andtookthemasstabletypes.Fiftypercentofthestablepatcheswererandomlysampledtooperatethelogisticregressionwithrelatedenvironmentalparameters;otherswereusedastestdataofsimulatedresults.Sevenenvironmentalparametersweremapped,includingelevation,slope,aspect,surfacecurvature,solarradiation,temperatureandprecipitation,basedonDEMdataandmeteorologicalsitedatabyGIStechnology.Therelationshipbetweenthespatialdistributionofvegetationandenvironmentalvariableswerequantifiedbylogisticregression.Thedistributionprobabilitiesofeachvegetationtypewerecalculated.Finally,thespatialdistributionofpotentialvegetationwassimulated.Thisresearchcanprovideascientificbasisforvegetationrestorationandecologicalconstructioninthisarea.

简介：Urbanizationisoneofthedrivingforcesforthelandusechangeintypeandstructure,anditsprominenteffectistoconvertrurallandtourbanland.ThispapertakesShan-dongProvinceasanexampletoanalyzethecurrentsituationofthemutualconversionbetweentheurbanandruralareasfromtheaspectsofthestructureoflanduse,thedecreasingtendencyofthecultivatedland,thechangesoflanduseinurbanandruralresidentialareas.Itpointsoutthatcultivatedlandisconvertedtoresidentialarealand,industrialand/orminingarealand.Therelationshipbetweentheurbanarealandandthecultivatedlandismoredirect;meanwhile,thechangesofruralresidentialarealagbehindobviously.Thedecreaseofthecultivatedlandandthedeclineofsoilqualitywillbethetwodifficultproblemsintheprocessofurbanization.

简介：Thearticleestablishesthepatternsofurbansnowdisastersystemanddisasterchainbasedonthetheoryofregionaldisastersystem.Thepatternsindicatethaturbansnowdisasterisexacerbatedmainlythroughthetrafficsystem.Inaddition,thepapersetsupthevulnerabilityassessmentindexsystemandsyntheticallyvulnerabilityassessmentmodelofurbansnowdisasterwhicharemainlybasedontrafficsystem,andappliestheminChenzhouCity.Theresultsofassessmentindicatethatobviousgeographicaldifferencesexistinthevulnerabilityofsnowdisasterbearingbodies:vulnerabilityofChenzhousectionoftheBeijing-ZhuhaiexpresswayisthehighestinChenzhouCity,andthesoutheasterncountiesaremorevulnerablethanthenorthwestregion.Furthermore,accordingtothesnowdisastervulnerabilitydynamicprocessanalysis,thevulnerabilityofChenzhouCityobviouslyincreasedin2008wintercomparedwiththatin2007.Finally,thepaperpresentssomesuggestionsforthelocationsoftheemergencycommandsandthereservesofreliefmaterialsbasedontheevaluationresults,andpointsoutthatdisastermonitoringandrelevanttechnicallevelshouldbestrengthenedfortheminimizationoftrafficsystem'svulnerability.

简介：Thispaperisthefirstrecordedeconomicvalueoflivingfossil,anevaluationofthebasiceconomicvalueofLingula,basedonthedirectutilizationofhouseholdsforfoodandsale.Twenty-onelocalfishermenwhocollectedLingulainTratProvincewerefocusedonbyusinginterviewquestionnaires.Theanimalhabitatsareinfluencedbytheencroachers’age,genderandharvestmethod.Thetotaleconomicvaluein2011wasaroundtwomillionbaht.ThosewhopossessfishinggearandhavemoremoneycanhavegreateraccesstotheproductThelocalcommunitiesinNongKhunsongsub-districtaresuccessfulincollectingtheLingulaandindoinglocalbusiness.Themarketchannelanalysisisconductedatlocal,provincialandnationallevelsandshortmarketchainsaredemonstratedintheformofawholesalemarketintheLingulatrade.Thisrepresentssignificantconsumptionbythelocalcommunities.Thestudyfurtherrecommendssustainableconservationandmanagementeffortsatalocalscale.

简介：WiththeeconomicdevelopmentandtheaccelerationofmotorizationinChina,thenumberofprivatecarsincreasesrapidlyinurbanareas.However,thelimitofurbanresourcesandthecontradictionbetweentrafficsupplyanddemandareincreasinglyprominentinlargecities,whileprivatecarconsumptionhasbeenanew'light'inmediumandsmallcities.Consumers’behaviorsdifferfromregiontoregion.Aimingattheaboveproblems,weformulatestructuralequationmodelingandcarryoutempiricalresearch.Inthispaper,acomparativestudyaboutthemaininfluentialfactorsthataffecttheconsumptionofprivatecarsinlargeandsmallcitiesinChinaismade,anditishopedthatsomeguidanceforpolicyrecommendationscanbeobtained.

简介：Athree-yearstudyovertheBai,JingpoandHuayaodaicommunitiesinYunnanProvincerevealsthatthecommunitydevelopmentissignificantlyinfluencedinvariouswaysbysuchculturalfactorsastheconceptsofdevelopment;conceptsandtraditionsofinter-communityrelationships,consumption,mar-riageandgender;patternsofdecision-makingandproduction,resourceandincomeallocation;aswellastheroleofinformationdisseminationsystems,religionandritual.Basedontheanalysisovertheinteractiverelevancebetweeneachfactorandcommunitydevelopment,somestrategiesandmethodsfordealingwithsuchaculturalrelevanceindevelopmentprojectsarerecommended.

简介：Centralvillageselectionisthepriorityofsmalltownconstruction.Dependingonthedevelopmentpotentialanalysis,classificationanalysis,andquantitativeandqualitativeanalysis,thisarticlesystematicallyproposesthespecificmethodsofcentralvillageselectionandalsoconstructstheindicatorsystemusedincentralvillageselectioninsmalltownsofwesternunderdevelopedregioninChina.ThearticlealsoputsforwardideasandmethodsforselectionofcentralvillageinthewesternunderdevelopedregionthroughanempiricalresearchonLidianTown,JingningCounty,GansuProvince.Inthefinalpart,suggestionsandrecommendationsonhowtodevelopcentralvillageforLidianTownaremade.

简介：Thepurposeofthestudyistomeasurethe"growthdrag"accordingtothecharacteristicofChineselandresource.Romermodel(2001)holdsthateverycountryisinevitablyaffectedbythe"growthdrag"duetothelimitationoflandresource.Soit’sofprofoundstrategicsignificancetomeasurethe"growthdrag"accordingtothecharacterofChineselandresource.Modifiedtwo-levelCESproductionfunctionwasemployed,andthispapermodifiedthehypothesisofthemodel.TheresultindicatesthatthelimitationofChineselandresourcecastsshadowovertheeconomicdevelopmentofChina,andthegrowthrateis0.4618%lowerthanthatwithoutthelimitationoflandresource.Throughimplementingthelandresourceprotectionpolicyalongwiththetechnologyimprovementandthesubstituteeffectofotherfactorstothelandresource,Chinawillkeepasteadyandbalancedeconomicgrowth.

简介：Land-usechangeisanimportantaspectofglobalenvironmentchange.Itis,inasense,thedirectresultofhumanactivitiesinfluencingourphysicalenvironment.Thispaperanalyzedtheland-usechangeinNortheastChinaduring1985-2000basedonLandsatTMimages.ItdividesNortheastChinaintofiveland-usezonesbasedonthedynamicdegreemodelofland-use:woodland/grassland-arablelandconversionzone,dryland-paddyfieldconversionzone;urbanexpansionzone,interlockedzoneoffarmingandpasturingandreclamationandabandonzone.Thefindingsincludetheobviousincreaseofcroplandarea,paddyfieldanddrylandincreasedby75and276thousandhm2respectively;urbanareasexpandedrapidly,areasoftownandruralresidenceincreasedby76.8thousandhm2;areasofforestsandgrasslanddecreasedsharplywiththeamountsof1399and1521thousandhm2respectively;areasofwaterbodyandunusedlandincreasedby148and514thousandhm2respectively.Thispaperalsodiscussesthedriving

简介：Inordertodefinethemortalitycriteriaofplanarianobjectively,acasestudyofDugesiajaponicaexposedto1-octyl-3-methylimidazoliumbromide([C8mim]Br)wasperformedfollowedbyarecoveryculture.Theresultsshowedthatdefiningplanarianmortalityinlightofitsbodydisintegrationwasappropriate.Ifthedisintegratedtissueofaplanarianwasmorethan1/4ofitsbodylength,itwouldcompletelydegenerate.However,aplanarianwouldregeneratethelosttissueandreturntonormalafterafewdays’recoverycultureifthedisintegratedpartwaslessthan1/4ofbodylength.Therefore,weproposetousebodydisintegrationastheendpointofplanarianmortality,i.e.,1/4bodylengthdegeneratedisthecriticalthresholdofmortalityandsurvivalofplanarianswhenexposedtotoxicants.Thiscriterioncouldbeadaptedinthestandardizationoftestingprotocolsandcomparabilityofacutetoxicitytestorothertoxicologicalresearchusingplanarianasthetestanimal.

简介：ThedeforestationinIndonesiaisalreadyalarming.Oneofthestrategiesusedbythegovernmenttoovercomeforestdeforestationissocialforestry.ThisprogramiscalledPHBM(PengelolaanHutanBersamaMasyarakat/JointForestManagement)whichisbasicallyapartnershipprogram.Thisstudyaimsatdescribingthepartnershipprogrambetweenalocalorganization(i.e.LMDH)andagovernmentunit(i.e.RPHofPerhutani)withinthePHBMprogram.Theobjectivesofthisstudyareto(a)describethemodelofpartnershipsbetweenLMDHandRPHBesowoforsustainableforestmanagementandlocalcommunityempowerment;(b)determinethecontributionoftheforesttothenationaleconomyandruralhouseholdincome;and(c)determinetheobstaclescommonlyfoundinBesowoforestthathavetobefacedduringtheimplementationofthepartnerships.Thestudyshowsthatwithgoodpartnershipbetweenthesetwounits,theprosperityofthelocalcommunitycanbeenhancedandtheforestpreservationcanbemaintained.ThemodelofthepartnershipsinthisparticularareainIndonesiaisexpectedtobeapplicableaswellinotherruralareasinIndonesia,aswellasinotherdevelopingcountries.

简介：Particlesbehaviourwasmonitoredandanalyzedinastormwaterwetlandoveraperiodof4months(June-September,2009).Theresultsindicatedthattheparticlesbehaviourcanbeaffectedbymanyprocesses,suchassedimentation,resuspension,adsorptionandreleaseinstormwaterwetlandsduringdrydays.Duetotheeffectsofthesefactors,theparticlesremovalefficiencycalculatedbasedonthesettlingtheorywassignificantlyhigherthanthevalueobtainedusingthemeasuredparticlesnumberconcentration.Andthemeasuredefficiencyshowedaturningpointintherangeof2-4μm,whichwaswithinthecolloidalparticlesrange.Analysisofparticlesizedistributionshowedthatparticleswerefinerintheoutflowthaninflowduetosedimentationofthecoarseparticlesandresuspensionofthefineparticlesinthewetland.Particlesindifferentsizerangesplaydifferentrolesintheircontributiontoturbidityandtotalsuspendedsolidsconcentration.Thefinerparticles(lessthan10μm)showedacloserrelationshipwiththeturbiditywhilecoarserparticles(>4μm)weremorerelatedtototalsuspendedsolidconcentration.