简介：Inthispaper,theauthorusessuper-efficiencyDEAmodeltomeasurethenationalandregionalenergyefficiencyinChina;usingspatialeconometricmodelandfromtheperspectiveofgeo-spatialspillover,theauthorinterpretsthespatialcharacteristicsofenergyefficiencyandextractsthemainfactorsthatinfluencetheregionalenergyefficiency.Theanalysisresultsshowthat:(1)thenationalandregionalenergyefficiencyisconsistentwithinvertedU-shapedcurve,andthenationwideenergyefficiencygapisincreasing;(2)energyefficiencyhastheobviouseffectofthespatialexternaleffect,andwhenthegovernmentmakesenergysavingstrategies,inter-regionalenergycooperationandtheproliferationofadvancedproductiontechnologyshouldbegivenmorepriority;(3)energyefficiencyhassignificantnegativecorrelationwithgovernmentintervention,industrialstructure,ownershipstructure,theenergyconsumptionstructure,andresourceendowments,andhaspositivecorrelationwiththedegreeofopening-upandenergyprice.

简介：Chinaisexperiencingaprocessofrapidindustrializationandurbanizationatthecostofagriculturallandandenvironment,particularlyinthecostalareas.ThisstudytakesJinanasacasepresentingatime-seriesanalysisofurbanlandexpansionfrom313to2003.TheresultsshowthattheurbanexpansionofJinancitymainlytookplaceinthelast100years,especiallyaftertheeconomicreformin1978.Socialdevelopmentandeconomicgrowth,urbanpopulationgrowthandmigrationpolicieswerefactorsdrivingtheurbanlandexpansion.Urbansprawlresultedinadisappearanceofwetlandsandagreatlossofagriculturalland,andover-pumpingofgroundwaterthatledtodisappearanceofthecity'sfeature,namely"thecityofsprings".

简介：Bymeansofthedynamicregressionmodel,thispaperanalyzestherelationshipsamongeconomicgrowth,urbanizationandchangesofcultivatedlandinChina,findsthattheratioofcultivatedlandoccupiedbyeconomicgrowthisdecreasingwithsocialandeconomicgrowth.And,basedonthat,somepolicysuggestionsonhowtopromotethesustainableuseofcultivatedlandinChinaareputforward.

简介：Inthisresearch,theFactorAnalysismodelofmeasuringprovinciallowcarbondevelopmentinChinahasbeenconstructed.Basedondatafrom30provinces,anempiricalstudywasdevelopedtomeasurecomprehensivelowcarbondevelopmentusingtheFactorAnalysismodel(PrincipalComponentsmethodandNormalizedVarimaxRotation).Theresultsrevealthattheprovincialmarksoflowcarbondevelopmentaregenerallylowandonlynineprovinceshavehighmarks(morethan0.80).Theresultsalsoshowsignificantregionaldisparity.TheprovincialmarksoftheeasternregionarehigherthanboththemiddleandwesternprovincesofmainlandChina.Alloftheprovinceswithhighmarks(morethan0.90)arelocatedintheeasternregion,andthosewiththelowestmarks(0.60)arelocatedinthemiddleregion.Furthermore,regionaldisparityinlowcarbondevelopmentfollowsthesamepatternaseconomicdevelopmentinChina.Finally,somesuggestionsfordecision-makersarepresented.

简介：TheproblemofwaterresourceshasbecomeabottleneckforthesustainabledevelopmentofBeijingandHebeiProvince(thetworegionstogetherarecalled"JingjiRegion"forshort).Itisimperativetoestablishaneffectiveandequitablewaterresourcesecologicalcompensation(eco-compensation)mechanism.Thethreestagesofwaterresourceseco-compensationareexpatiatedherenamelytheeco-compensationmissingstage,ecocompensationstartstageandtheeco-compensationdevelopmentstage.Throughtheestablishmentofeco-compensationgamemodelbasedonthegametheory,thereasonsoftheformationforthethreestageswereanalyzed,aswellastheconversionconditionsfromnon-cooperativegametocooperativegameamongtherelatedstakeholdersincludingthecentralgovernment,thewaterrecipientgovernmentandthewatersourcegovernment.Furthermore,thisstudypointedoutthatthewaterresourceseco-compensationinJingjiRegionwasnotestablishedbasedontheinstitution,butformedanddevelopedincopingwiththechallengesofwatercrisis.However,institutionconstructionisquiteessentialingameprocessforthewaterrecipientgovernmentandthewatersourcegovernment.Finallyrecommendationsinfourareasincludinglegalizationofeco-compensationmechanism,settingupcompensationstandards,leadingindustrialupgradinganddevelopingrelatedincentivesandconstraintswereconcluded.

简介：Sourceseparationisthebasicpremiseformakingeffectiveuseofhouseholdwastes.IneightcitiesofChina,how-ever,severalpilotprojectsofsourceseparationfinallyfailedbecauseofthepoorparticipationrateofresidents.Inordertosolvethisproblem,identifyingthosefactorsthatinfluenceresidents’behaviorofsourceseparationbecomescrucial.Bymeansofquestionnairesurvey,weconducteddescriptiveanalysisandex-ploratoryfactoranalysis.Theresultsshowthattrouble-feeling,moralnotion,environmentprotection,publiceducation,environmentvalueandknowledgedeficiencyarethemainfactorsthatplayanimportantroleforresidentsindecidingtoseparatetheirhouseholdwastes.Also,accordingtothecontributionpercentageofthesixmainfactorstothetotalbehaviorofsourceseparation,theirinfluencingpowerisanalyzed,whichwillprovidesuggestionsonhouseholdwastemanagementforpolicymakersanddecisionmakersinChina.

简介：Basedonthestakeholdersmanagementtheory,thispaperprovidesanewstrategicmanagementmethodfortheNationalSustainableDevelopmentStrategy.BytakingChina'sNationalSustainableDevelopmentStrategyManagementasanexample,thispaperidentifiesallthestakeholdersinvolvedandthenassessesstakeholdersfromtwodimensions,namely'Importance'and'Attitude',bywhichallofthestakeholdersaredividedintosixcategories.Onthisbasis,furtheranalysisismadetoworkoutstrategicmanagementprogrammebyschedulingthestrategicemphases,stepsandmanagementcountermeasuresfordifferenttypesofstakeholderssoastoprovidetheorticalevidenceforthepracticeofNationalSustainableDevelopnentStrategymanagement.

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简介：Aimingatfacilitatingtheresearchofurbantourismimagepositioning,thispapersummarizesthedomesticandabroadtheoriesonurbantourismimageandanalyzesitssignificanceforcities.WithDengfengasanexample,itsgoalistoboostdevelopmentofDengfengtourism,whichisanexcellenttourismcityinChina.Thispaperpresentsitscurrenturbantourismdevelopingsituation,positionsitstourismimage,concludestheplanofimagebrandandproposespromotionalslogansbasedontheanalysisofDengfengtourismlocalfeatures,itscoreelementsandperceptionsofvisitors.

简介：TheflowofrurallabortourbanisasignificantphenomenoninChinaduringthelast20years.Inspiteofmanyresearchesfocusonthedrivingforceofeconomy,terrainisanimportantindexintheruraldevelopment.Thereisaquestionthatwhethertheflowofrurallaborhassomerelationshipswithterrain.Thestudyusedthereliefdegreeoflandsurface(RDLS)asterrainindex,andthecostdistancemodelandthecenterofgravitymodeltoanalyzetherelationshipbetweenterrainandlaborflows.Theresultsindicated:(1)Inthelast20years,therurallaborforcewasnotsimplyflowingtothelowterrainregioninShaanxiprovince.AndtheRDLSwasconstantlystrengtheningtheinfluenceonthemovement.(2)TheRDLSwaslowinGuanzhongregion,andthetranslationofrurallaborsrelativelywasnotsignificant.SinceNorthShaanxiactastheenergyindustrybase,thenumberofrurallaborsthereincreasedfasterthaninSouthShaanxi.(3)Themovementsofeconomicalcenterstookanimportantroleinthechangeofrurallaborcenters,andterrainfactorsalsoshowedahighcorrelationwiththem.Itisfoundthattheloweroftheterrainindex,thehigherofthelandintensivedegree,themoreintensiveofnonagriculturalizationprocess.

简介：Inordertoachievesustainableutilizationofnaturalresources,saveenergyandprotectenvironmentandecosystem,itisimportantforaregionoranationtodevelopandimplementaviablewasterecyclingmodelfromboththeoreticalandpracticalpointofview.Somepackagingrecyclingmodelsoperatedindevelopedcountriesareintroducedinthisarticle.Aluminiumcanrecoveryandrecyclingisemphasized.Costeffective,economicandenvironmentalbenefitofdifferentmodelsarecomparedandanalyzed.Theresultshowsthatallrecyclingmodelshavetheircharacteristicsduetotheinitialpurposeofrecoveryandthesituationoftheimplementingcountry.However,allthemodelscontributetothereductionofmunicipalsolidwastedisposalandresourcesconservation.

简介：Biomass,asfuelwood,isoneofthemajorsourcesofenergyinruralareas,especiallyinthemountainousregionsoftheworld.Astheincreasinghumanpopulationexertsmorepressureontheforesttherebyinducinganadverseeffectonthesustainabilityoftheecosystem,whichconsequentlycausesfuelwoodcrisisatalocallevel,thiscrisisisspatio-temporalinnature.Thus,themajorobjectiveofthisstudyistoassessthesustainabilityoffuelwoodatdifferentprobablescenariosatamicrowatershedlevel.ThepresentstudywasconductedinthePhakotwatershed,theTehriGarhwaldistrictofcentralHimalayainIndia,during2006-2008.Basedonthevegetationcompositioninthestudyarea,thenetprimaryproductivity(NPP)valueoftheOakforest,andmixedoakandsalforests,wasusedforthequantificationoffuelwoodavailabilityinevergreenanddeciduousforests,respectively.Thefuelwooddemandwascalculatedonthebasisofseasonalfuelwoodconsumptionvalues.Nineprobablepermutationsforavailability-demandscenariosassumingtheexistenceofhigh(H),low(L)andaverage(A)conditionswereanalyzedforevaluatingthestress.Theavailableannualharvestablefuelwoodinthewatershedisintheminimumandmaximumrangesof2283.28to4066.00tons,respectively,peryearwhereasithasademandof110.76tonsastheminimumto3659tonsasthemaximumannually.Thisshowsthatinthecurrentavailabilitydemandscenario,thewatersheddoesnothavefuelwoodcrisisinthepresentsituationbutneedstomaintainthesustainabilityofthesystem.Basedonourstudy,itisconcludedthat,globally,morespatio-temporalstudyisrequiredtounderstandtheissuesatthelocallevel.

简介：Theoverallregionaldevelopmentplanningpatternhasbeenconsideredtobeanewandeffectivepatternasfordevelopmentofprovincialeconomy.ThearticleanalyzedthecurrentconditionsofthewestofShandongProvinceandtriedtofindthegenerationmechanismsofcurrentnon-balancedeconomicdevelopmentofShandongProvince.Andthenapproachestoregionaldevelopmentwereputforwardaccordingtothetheoryofregionaldevelopmentpatternasawhole.

简介：Eco-efficiencyisavaluabletoolformanagingandsolvingissuesinvolvingresourceconsumptionandpollutionemissionincurrentproductionprocesses.Despitethepopularityoftheterm"eeo-efficiency"inbusiness,limitedattentionhasbeenpaidtomeasuringandreportingregionaleco-efficiencyforlocalgovernmentpolicymakers.Basedontheconceptandmethodofeco-efficiency,anindicatorsystemofregionaleco-efficiencyisestablishedinthisstudy.Theindicatorsystemcomprises22indicators,whicharedividedintothreecategoriesincludingsocio-economicdevelopment,resourcesconsumption,environmentalpressure.Asapromisingstatisticaltechnique,principlecomponentanalysisisusedtosettheweightofindicatorswhichattemptstocalculatetheeco-efficiencyindicesofQingdao'sChengyangDistrict.Theresultsshowthattheeco-efficiencyofChengyangDistricthasclearlyimproved35.1%withsmallfluctuationfrom1995to2003.Socio-economicdevelopmentindexandresourcesconsumptionindexalsorepresentobviousincreasingtrends.Thecorrelationcoefficientbetweensoci-economicdevelopmentindexandresourcesconsumptionindexis0.979,whichmeansthesocialprogressandeconomicgrowthofChengyangDistrictdependonanextravagantconsumptionofresources.Theenvironmentalpressureindexincreasedslowlybefore1997anddeclinedgraduallyafter1997,duetomoreattentionbeingpaidtoenvironmentalprotectionbylocalgovernmentinrecentyears.ChengyangDistrictstillkeepsthetraditionaleconomicdevelopmentmodewithahighconsumptionandhighproduction,sotheemphasesoffuturedevelopmentshouldputonimprovingtheimprovingtheefficientuseofnaturalresourcesandpromotingenvironmentalmanagementsustainability.Theresultsshowthattheindicatorssystemofregionaleco-efficiencyisapromisingmethodtoquantitativelyevaluateresourcesandenvironmentalefficiencyandprovideaneffectivedecision-makingsupportforlocalgovernments.

简介：Climatechangeisexpectedtobeamajordrivingforceoflandscapeinthecomingdecades.Itwillhaveamultitudeofpotentialimpactsthatvaryinintensityandeffectaccordingtoregionandsector.Inthecontextofglobalwarming,theclimateofChinahaschangedsignificantlyintherecent100years.ThereasonforclimatechangeinChinaismainlyduetoirrationallandusecausedbyhumanactivities,whichchieflyresultsintherapidindustrializationandurbanizationprocess.Basedonanassessmentmodel,thisresearchrepresentsapictureoftheimpactsofclimatechangeinsixdistrictsofHangzhouregion.Theaimofthispaperistoconclude,ontheonehand,someofHangzhousensitivitiesinrelationtotheprimaryeffectsofclimatechange.Ontheotherhand,areflectionismadeonamethodologytoformulatepreconditionsonascientificbasisforfurtherresearchbydesignofintegratedadaptationoptionsforthefuturespatialdevelopmentsinfunctiontoupgradeHangzhouresilienceinrelationtoclimatechangechallenges.

简介：Companiesbearprimaryresponsibilityforlow-carboneconomy,thusrelevantlow-carbonpoliciesshouldbesetproperlytoguidethemandtoensuretheirlow-carbonproductioneffectively.Tosolvetheproblemsgeneratedduringlow-carbondevelopment,thisarticleverifiestheexistenceofthetransmissionpathandstrength.Thisverificationincludesmediatingvariablesofcompanies’willingnessandcapacitytoconductlow-carbonproduction,atransmissionmechanismthroughincentivepathandresourcesprotection,andquestionnairedataofagriculturalcompanies.Conclusionsshowthatthelowcarbonpolicieshaveobviouspositiveeffectsonwillingnessofcorporation;thebasicservice-orientedpolicyhasasignificantlypromotingeffectonlow-carbonproductioncapacity;andlow-carbonproductionperformanceispositivelyinfluencedbywillingnessaswellascapability.Aimingatabettertransmissionpath,somecorrespondingrecommendationshavebeenputforwardintheend.

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简介：InChina,farmlandpropertyrightscharacterizedbythehousehold-responsibilitysystem(HRS)havebeenimprovedsincethereformandopening-up.Therightsofuse,transferandgainbecomemorestable,authorizedandcomplete.Thispaperfirstlyanalyzestheimpactonfarmlandproductivity,whichcomesfromtheimprovementoffarmlandpropertyrights.Then,aneconomet-ricmodelisbuilttotesttheaboveanalysis.ItconcludesthatchangesofpropertyrightswillaffectfarmlandperformanceinChina.Intheend,somepolicyimplicationsareexploredforfur-therreforms.

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简介：WiththeincomeincreaseofelderlypeopleinBeijingandtheimprovementofleisurefacilitiessince2000,thequalityofelderlypeopleleisurelifeinBeijinghasobviouslyincreasedcomparedtotenyearsago.Accordingtotheinvestigationandcomparativeanalysisonmorethan900elderlypeople,whousuallyexerciseinpublicparksinBeijingCity,wehavefoundoutseveralnewfeaturesofelderlypeople’soutdoorrecreationinBeijing:theincreaseoftheleisuretime,theexpansionofleisurespace,theindividuationofinterestandthediversificationofconsumption.Theleisurelifequalityevaluationindexsystemofurbanelderlypeoplecanbebuiltbasedontheseanalyses.Inordertoaccommodatethedevelopmenttendencyofelderlypeople’sdemandforleisurediversification,weshouldstrengthentheorganizationandmanagementofelderlypeople’sleisureactivityinurbanconstruction,andpaymoreattentiontofunctioncomplementationbetweencommunitiesandparks.