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简介：AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by persistent and not fully reversible airflow restrictions, is currently one of the most widespread chronic lung diseases in the world. The most common symptoms of COPD are cough, expectoration, and exertional dyspnea. Although various strategies have been developed during the last few decades, current medical treatment for COPD only focuses on the relief of symptoms, and the reversal of lung function deterioration and improvement in patient’s quality of life are very limited. Consequently, development of novel effective therapeutic strategies for COPD is urgently needed. Stem cells were known to differentiate into a variety of cell types and used to regenerate lung parenchyma and airway structures. Stem cell therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy that has the potential to restore the lung function and improve the quality of life in patients with COPD. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the clinical research on the treatment of COPD with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and aims to update the understanding of the role of MSCs in COPD treatment, which may be helpful for developing effective therapeutic strategies in clinical settings.

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简介：某些疾病被知道引起变化在物理并且房间的biomechanical性质。这些在其它之中包括癌症，疟疾，和镰刀房间贫血症。典型地，如此的物理性质变化能导致房间僵硬的几褶层增加或减少，它是重要的并且能导致严重病理和最终的灾难的故障身体功能。当有时开发了生物化学、生物的试金检测疾病的发作或存在，总是有需要开发更快速、精确、敏感的方法检测并且诊断疾病。Biomechanical性质变化能起一个重要作用在这方面。因此，对疾病biomechanics的研究不能仅仅给我们位于疾病前进下面的机制的深入的知识，但是能也为察觉和诊断用作一个强大的工具。这篇文章提供一些卓见进机会因为在疾病的发作或前进期间在细胞的机械性质换掉怎么重要，能为察觉和诊断作为有用工具被利用。我们将也展示已经被开发了执行如此的察觉和诊断的几种技术。

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简介：Depression/anxiety-relateddisordersandpsychosocialstresshavebeenimplicatedascardiovasculardisease(CVD)riskfactors.Womenareatconsiderableriskforaffectivedisordersandreportgreaterseverityfrompsychosocialstress,comparedtomen.Affectivedisordersandcardiovasculardiseaselikelyshareunderlyingpathophysiologicalmechanismsthatarepotentiatedamongwomen–especiallyyoungerwomen.Environmentalstressorsthatthreatenthesafety,security,andstatusofanindividualareappraisedbythebrain,producingacascadeofevokedphysiologicalandcognitiveresponses.Intheshortterm,theseprocessesovercomestressors,butcomewithlong-termhealthimplications.Chronicpsychosocialstressleadstoadysregulationofthestressresponsesystemsthatcanleadtoaheightenedstressappraisalschemacalledtheunpredictabilityschema,aconstructthatmightarguablyplacewomenatheightenedriskforCVD.

简介：AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease with a high incidence, mortality, and disability rate. Because there are few symptoms in the early stages of COPD, diagnosis and treatment are seriously insufficient. It is necessary to find effective clues for early COPD diagnosis and provide appropriate interventions. Several studies suggest that small airway disease is the earliest stage of COPD because it is correlated with subsequent development of airflow obstruction. However, there are currently no globally accepted criteria for defining early COPD. This study mainly introduced risk factors, definition, diagnosis, and treatment of early COPD from a new perspective.

简介：Chronicheartfailureisincreasinglyprevalentworldwideandisassociatedwithsignificantmorbidityandmortality.TheCochranereviewdemonstratedthatcardiacrehabilitation(CR)resultedinimprovementsinQOLandareductioninlong-termmortality.Chronickidneydisease(CKD)isanotherworldwidepublichealthproblem.ThisreviewfocusesontheimportanceandefficacyofrehabilitationforCKDpatientsasanewtargetofCR.PatientswithCKDonhemodialysis(HD)haveahighmortalityrate,withcardiovasculardiseases,suchaschronicheartfailure.Anewsystematicreviewandmeta-analysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsreportedthatexercise-basedrenalrehabilitationimprovedaerobiccapacity,muscularfunctioning,cardiovascularfunction,walkingcapacity,andQOLinCKDpatientswithHD.Moreover,exercisetrainingmayhaverenalprotectiveeffects,notonlyinsomeanimalmodelsofpre-HDCKD,butalsoinpre-HDCKDpatients.Exercisetherapycouldbeaneffectiveclinicalstrategyinimprovingrenalfunction,loweringtheneedforrenalreplacementtherapy,suchasHD,andreducingrenaltransplantriskinpre-HDCKDpatients.ThisledtheMinistryofHealth,LaborandWelfareofJapantoextendrenalrehabilitationpartialcoveragetostage4pre-HDCKDpatientsforthefirsttimeintheworldin2016.

简介：染色体序列的增加的可获得性和为基因表示介绍和功能的描述的高产量的技术的开发正在转变天生的免疫的学习和昆虫生物学的另外的区域。已经，功能的genomic途径在蚊子免疫反应的描述启用了量进展到疟疾寄生虫感染，并且类似的高产量的功能的genomic另外的向量病原体相互作用学习在不久的将来能被期望。应用程序基于microarray并且另外的表达式分析提供能被用来识别是在暴露之上调整到病原体的各种各样的类的差别的昆虫免疫系统部件的染色体宽的transcriptional侧面，包括人和动物疾病的许多重要etiologic代理人。角色感染应答或通过比较genomic途径识别的另外的候选人免疫者基因当时能是机能上地描绘了，任何一个体内，例如，在使用的成年蚊子，或试管内，房间排队。在人的病原体的大多数昆虫向量，细菌线transgenesis仍然是技术上困难的并且多重转基因的线的维护要求的逻辑联盟者。因而，短暂RNA干扰(RNAi)调停了基因沉默很快为候选人的功能的描述成为了选择的方法天生的有免疫力的基因。用RNAi与试金一起介绍决定基因功能，并且识别规章的小径的transcriptional的强大的联合，和下游的房间决定蛋白质本地化和相互作用的生物途径，将继续提供新奇卓见进昆虫的角色在许多向量病原体相互作用的天生的免疫。这里，我们在昆虫病向量在天生的免疫的功能的基因组学研究考察进展，在过去的十年，与到疟疾感染的疟蚊属蚊子和它的回答的一个特别焦点。

简介：Agriculturalapplicationofrareearth(RE)hasbeengeneralizedforseveraldecades,anditisinvolvedincrops,vegetablesandstockraisinginChina.However,alltheresearchesonREmainlyfocusonthefieldssuchasplantphysiologicalactivity,physiologicalandbiochemicalmechanism,sanitationtoxicologyandenvironmentalsecurity.PlantprotectionbyusingREandtheinducedresistanceofplantagainstdiseasesweresummarized.Themechanismofrareearthagainstplantdiseaseishighlighted,whichincludesfollowingtwoaspects.First,REelementscancontrolsomephytopathogendirectlyandreduceitsvirulencetohostplant.AnotherpossibilityisthatREelementscanaffecthostplantandinducetheplanttoproducesomeresistancetodisease.

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简介：AreviewarticlebyHaoetal.(JAmCollCardiol2017;69(24):2952–66)hashadhugerepercussionsamongthosefamiliarwithtraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)intheinternationalacademiccommunity.ItevaluatedtheefficacyandsafetyofTCMforcardiovasculardiseaseandthepharmacologicaleffectofactiveTCMingredientsonthecardiovascularsystemandpotentialmechanisms.Wehaveseveralcomments:Firstly,wegiveabriefsummaryaddressingnonpharmacotherapyinTCM,includingacupuncture,moxibustion,Qigong,andTaiChi.Secondly,wehaveaddedtraditionalantiarrhythmicdrug–relatedrandomizedcontrolledtrialstomakethecoveragemorecomprehensive.Lastly,wesupporttheconceptthatresearchinto,developmentof,andapplicationofactiveingredientsispartofmodernTCM.

简介：Ectomycorrhizae(ECM)isbecomingtheresearchhotspotbecauseitcanimproveplantnutrientcyclingandstorageandstrengthenplantresistancetoadversityanddisease.ItiswellknownthatECMcanenhanceplantresistancetosoil-borneandstemdiseases.Themechanismsmainlyinclude:planttenderrootswillbeprotectedwellbysheath;ECMcanfacilitateuptakeandtransportcapacityofnutritionandwatertorootsandincreaseplantsvigor;ECMcancontrolorblockpathogenstoinvadetrees;ECMcanactivateresistance-relatedenzymesofthehosts;italsocanformrhizospheremicrobialcolonyandestablishroot-rhizospheremicro-ecologicalenvironment.Somycorrhizaltechnologyhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantmethodsofecologicalcontrolandbiologicalcontrolofplantdiseases.ThispapersummarizestheapplicationanddevelopmentofECMinforestdiseasecontrolandalsoraisessomeideasontheirtheoryandapplicationresearchesinthefuture.

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简介：AbstractThe developmental origins of health and disease theory states that environmental stresses during the early stages of life influence health and risk of developing non-communicable diseases throughout the lifespan of an individual. Developmental plasticity is thought to be a possible underlying mechanism. Here, I discuss a contrasting but complementary genetic hypothesis regarding the developmental origins of health and disease theory: crosstalk between the genomes of the parents and offspring is responsible for shaping and adapting responses to environmental stresses, regulating early growth and predisposition to non-communicable diseases. Genetic variants that are beneficial in terms of responses to early life stresses may have pleiotropic detrimental effects on health later in life, which may change the allele frequencies driven by selection on a population level. Genetic studies on the cohort of children born after assisted reproduction could provide insight regarding the genetic mechanisms of the developmental origins of health and disease theory.

简介：Background:InJapan,studiesonacupuncturetherapyforrespiratorydiseasehaverarelybeenreported.Additionally,mostofthereportsaredifficultforoverseasresearcherstoaccessbecausetheyarewritteninJapaneseandcannotbelocatedusingMedline.Purpose:ToreviewstudiesonacupunctureandmoxibustiontherapyforrespiratorydiseaseconductedinJapan.Datasources:Theresultsofaliteraturesearchusing'IgakuChuoZasshiWeb'andtheMedicalOnlineLibrary,bothofwhichareJapanesedatabases,coveringtheperiodbetween1979and2006.Studyselection:Thisstudyreviewedreferencescitedinretrieveddocumentsand

简介：Cardiovasculardiseaseistheleadingcauseofpregnancy-relateddeathsintheUnitedStates[1].Anestimated4%ofallpregnanciesintheUnitedStatesareaffectedbymaternalcardiovasculardisease,with80%ofthesecasesattributedtocongenitalheartdisease(CHD)[2–4].SecondarytoimproveddiagnosisandmanagementofCHD,morewomenwithCHDarereachingreproductiveage,andmanyofthesewomendesirepregnancy.WhilemanypregnantwomenwithCHDwillhaveanuncomplicatedpregnancyanddelivery,somewithmorecomplexcardiaclesionsorcomorbiditieswillhaveanincreasedriskofmaternalandneonatalmorbidityanddeath.Individualizedpreconception,antepartum,intrapartum.

简介：Nonalcoholicfattyliverdisease(NAFLD),definedasabnormalaccumulation(>5%)ofhepatictriglyceridewithoutexcessalcoholintake,isthemostcommonformofchronicliverdiseaseinadultsandchildrenintheUnitedStates.NAFLDencompassesaspectrumofhistologicfindingsincludinguncomplicatedsteatosis,steatosiswithinflammationandsteatohepatitis[nonalcoholicsteatohepatitis(NASH)];thelattercanadvancetocirrhosisandhepatocellularcarcinoma.NASHiscurrentlyacceptedasthehepaticmanifestationofthesetofcardiovascularriskfactorscollectivelyknownasmetabolicsyndrome.In1999asystemforhistologicgradingandstagingforNASHwasproposed;thiswasrevisedbytheNASHClinicalResearchNetworkin2005fortheentirespectrumoflesionsinNAFLD,includingthelesionsandpatternsofpediatricNAFLD,andforapplicationinclinicalresearchtrials.Diagnosisremainsdistinctfromgradeandstage.ArecentEuropeanproposalseparatessteatosisfromactivitytoderiveanumericdiagnosisofNASH.Eventhoughtherehavebeenpromisingadvancementsinnon-invasivetesting,thesetestsarenotyetdetailedenoughtoreplacethefullrangeoffindingsprovidedbyliverbiopsyevaluation.Limitationsofbiopsyareacknowledged,butliverbiopsyremainsthe'goldstandard'fordiagnosisanddeterminationofamountsofnecroinflammatoryactivity,andlocationoffibrosis,aswellasremodelingoftheparenchymainNASH.ThisreviewfocusesonthespecifichistologiclesionsofNAFLDandNASH,gradingandstaging,differentialdiagnosestobeconsidered,andthecontinuingroleoftheliverbiopsyinthisimportantliverdisease.