简介：Asemi-implicitandEulerian-Lagrangianfinitedifferencemethodforthree-dimensionalshallowflowhasbeenextendedtoamorecompletesystemofequationsincorporatingsecond-momentturbulenceclosuremodelandtransportequationsofsalinityandtemperature.Thesimulationforfloodinganddryingofmudflatshasbeenimproved.ThemodelisappliedtoXiamenwaters.Basedonextensivesurveydata,waterlevelelevation,temperatureandsalinityfieldalongtheeasternopenboundaryandattheJiulongRiverinletsandrunoffsareanalyzed,specifiedandcalibrated.Thecomputedresultsshowgoodagreementwiththemeasureddata,reproduceflooding,emergenceoflargeandcomplexmudflatregion.

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简介：Thisstudywasconductedtoevaluatethecriticalthermalmaximum(CTMax),theroutinemetabolismrate(MO2)andthelimitingoxygensaturation(LOS)ofthreesalmonidswithfourdifferentbodyweightsrangingfrom16gto131g.TheCTMaxwasestimatedatthreedifferentheatingratesincluding0.5℃min^-1,1℃h^-1and2℃d^-1.ResultsshowedthattheCTMaxofmapletrout(Oncorhynchusmykiss)wasthehighest,whichwasfollowedbysteelheadtrout(O.mykiss)andAtlanticsalmon(Salmonsalar).TheCTMaxofthesalmonidfishdecreasedwiththeincrementofbodyweight,andwassignificantlyinfluencedbytheheatingrate.TheMO2ofthesalmonidfishincreasedwiththeincrementoftemperature,anddecreasedwiththeincrementofbodyweight.Suffocationpointsofthefishdecreasedwithincreasingbodyweightandtemperature.SteelheadtroutwasmoretoleranttohypoxiathanmapletroutandAtlanticsalmon,whiletheMO2ofAtlanticsalmonwasthehighestamongthesethreesalmonids.TheLOSofthefishgenerallyhadapositivetrendwithtemperatureandbodyweight,andtheLOSofsteelheadtroutwassignificantlylowerthanthatofmapletroutandAtlanticsalmon.Inconclusion,mapletroutwasthemosttolerantkindtohightemperature,whilesteelheadtroutwasthemosttoleranttohypoxiaamongthreekindsofsalmonids.Moreover,theabilitiestotoleratehighertemperatureofthreesalmonidswereaffectedbytheirbodyweightandtheheatingrate,whiletheabilitiestotoleratehypoxiawereinfluencedbytheirbodyweightandthewatertemperature.

简介：TheNanshaIslands,China,haveextremelyhighmarinebiodiversityandhundredsofmolluskshavebeenreportedthere.BenthosresourcesinvestigationsoftheintertidalandsubtidalzonearoundtheNanshaIslandshavebeencontinuouslyperformedfordecades,andrecently,dozensofnewspeciesandnewrecordsofmolluskshavebeenreportedfromthisarea.ThispaperdealtwiththreenewrecordspeciesoftheGastropodafromChinesewaters:CerithiumsalebrosumSowerbyII,1855,Vexillummilitare(Reeve,1845)andVexillumbizonale(DautzenbergetBouge,1923),respectivelybelongingtothreefamilies:CerithiidaeFleming,1822,andCostellariidaeMacDonald,1860.AllspecimenswerecollectedfromtheNanshaIslandsduringthebenthosresourcesinvestigationsontheintertidalzoneofislandsandreefsintheSouthChinaSeainrecentyears.Diagnosisandgeographicdescriptionsofbothgenusandspecies,illustrationsofeachspeciesweregiveninthiscontribution,anddiscussionoftaxonomy,identificationfeaturesandfaunalcharacteristicswerepresented.AllexaminedspecimensweredepositedintheMarineBiodiversityCollectionsofSouthChinaSea,ChineseAcademyofSciences.

简介：EnhancementeffectsofrareearthelementsonthegrowthofChaetocerosmulleriisstudiedinthispaper.Theresultsshowthatallofthelight,middleandheavyrareearthelementshavesimilarenhancementeffectonthegrowthofChaetocerosmulleri,withthebeneficialconcentrationsofLa,GdandYbbeing7.28～87.40μmol/L,6.36～57.23μmol/Land5.78～17.34μmol/L.TheoptimumconcentrationsofLa,GdandYbare7.28～50.98μmol/L,31.80～44.52μmol/Land5.78～17.341μmol/L,respectively.WhentheconcentrationsofLa,GdandYbare7.28～87.40μmol/L,6.36～57.23μmol/Land5.78～17,34μmol/L,theconcentrationsofchlorophyllhaveincreasedby9.3～47.0%,33.4～44.3%,and36.5～40.3%,respectivelyascomparedwiththecontrolgroup.ThemechanismofenhancementofrareearthelementsonthegrowthotChaetocerosmulleriisalsodiscussedinthispaper.

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简介：Inthisstudy,weusedLandsatimagesandmeteorologicaldatatoexaminethespatiotemporaldistributionandvariabilityofseaiceinJiaozhouBay(JZB)between1986and2016.TheresultsshowthatJZBisnotalwayscoveredbyseaiceinwinter,butinsomeextremecases,seaicehascoveredmorethanone-thirdoftheseaareaofthebay.SeaiceinJZBhasgenerallyformedbetweenJanuary1andFebruary5,primarilyalongthecoast,andgraduallyexpandingtothecentralareaofthebay.Bothmeteorologicalandartificialfactorshaveplayedimportantrolesinmodulatingtheseaicedistribution.Wefoundseaicecoveragetohavebeenstronglycorrelatedwiththeaccumulatedfreezing-degreedaysninedaysbeforetheoccurrenceofseaice(R2=0.767).North-northwestsurfacewindshavedominatedthefreezingperiodofseawaterintheJZB,andwindspeedhasexertedamoresignificantinfluenceontheformationofseaicewhentheseaicecoveragehasbeengenerallysmall.Additionally,artificialfactorsbegantoaffecttheexpansionofseaiceinJZBsince2007.TheconstructionoftheJiao-Zhou-BayBridge(JZBB)isbelievedtohaveretardedwaterflowandreducedthetidalprism,therebyleadingtotheformationofanicebridgealongtheJZBB,whicheffectivelypreventsthesouthwardexpansionofseaice.

简介：AftertheapproachbyMellor(2003,2008),thepresentpaperreportsonarepeatedefforttoderivetheequationsforthree-dimensionalwave-inducedcurrent.Viatheverticalmomentumequationandapropercoordinatetransformation,thephase-averagedwavedynamicpressureiswelltreated,andacontinuousanddepth-dependentradiationstresstensor,ratherthanthecontroversialdeltaDiracfunctionatthesurfaceshowninMellor(2008),isprovided.Besides,aphase-averagedverticalmomentumfluxoveraslopingbottomisintroduced.AlltheinconsistenciesinMellor(2003,2008),pointedoutbyArdhuinetal.(2008)andBennisandArdhuin(2011),areovercomeinthepresentlyrevisedequations.Inatestcasewithaslopingseabed,asshowninArdhuinetal.(2008),thewave-drivingforcesderivedinthepresentequationsareingoodbalance,andnospuriousverticalcirculationoccursoutsidethesurfzone,indicatingthatAiry'swavetheoryandtheapproachofMellor(2003,2008)areapplicableforthederivationofthewave-inducedcurrentmodel.

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简介：Ahigher-efficientthree-dimensionalnon-hydrostaticmodelisdevelopedtosimulatesmallamplitudefreesurfaceflowsbasedonastaggeredunstructuredgrid.Inthismodel,afractionalstepalgorithmisadoptedtosolvetheNavier-Stokesequationsintwomajorsteps.Atop-layerpressuremethodisproposedtominimizethenumberofverticallayersandsubsequentlythecomputationalcost.Threeclassicalexamplesofsmallamplitudefreesurfaceflowsareusedtodemonstratethecapabilityandefficiencyofthemodel.Thesatisfactoryresultsdemonstratedthecapabilityandefficiencyofmodellingarangeofsmallamplitudefreesurfaceflowswithonlyasmallnumberofverticallayers.

简介：Thispaperpresentstwokinematicfailuremechanismsofthree-dimensionalrectangularfootingrestingonhomogeneousundrainedclayfoundationunderuniaxialverticalloadinganduniaxialmomentloading.ThefailuremechanismunderverticalloadingcomprisesaplanestrainPrandtl-typemechanismoverthecentralpartofthelongerside,andthesizeofthemechanismgraduallyreducesattheendsofthelongersideandovertheshortersideasthecornerofrectangularfootingisbeingapproachedwherethedirectionofsoilmotionremainsnormaltoeachcorrespondingsiderespectively.Thefailuremechanismundermomentloadingcomprisesaplanestrainscoopslidingmechanismoverthecentralpartofthelongerside,andtheradiusofscoopslidingmechanismincreaseslinearlyattheendsofthelongerside.Onthebasisofthekinematicfailuremechanismsmentionedabove,theverticalultimatebearingcapacityandtheultimatebearingcapacityagainstmomentormomentultimatebearingcapacityareobtainedbyuseofupperboundlimitanalysistheory.Atthesametime,numericalanalysisresults,Skempton'sresultsandSalgadoetal.'sresultsarecomparedwiththisupperboundsolution.Itshowsthatthepresentedfailuremechanismsandplasticlimitanalysispredictionsarevalidated.Inordertoinvestigatethebehaviorsofundrainedclayfoundationbeneaththerectangularfootingsubjectedtothecombinedloadings,numericalanalysisisadoptedbyvirtueofthegeneral-purposeFEMsoftwareABAQUS,wheretheclayisassumedtoobeytheMohr-Coulombyieldingcriterion.ThefailureenvelopeandtheultimatebearingcapacityareachievedbythenumericalanalysisresultswiththevaryingaspectratiosfromlengthLtobreadthBoftherectangularfooting.ThefailuremechanismsofrectangularfootingwhicharesubjectedtothecombinedverticalloadingVandhorizontalloadingH(VerticalloadingVandmomentloadingM,andhorizontalloadingHandmomentloadingMrespectivelyareobservedinthefiniteelementa

简介：-Theturbulencemechanismplaysanimportantpartinthemixingprocessandmomentumtransferofturbulence.Athree-dimensionalPrandtlmixinglengthtidalmodelhasbeendevelopedtosimulatetidalflowsandwaterquality.TheeddyviscositiesanddiffusivitiesarecomputedfromthePrandtlmixinglengthmodel.Inordertomodelthewaterqualityofanestuaryorcoastalareamanyinterdependentprocessesneedtobesimulated.Thesemaybeconvenientlyseparatedintothreemaingroups:transportandmixingprocesses,biochemicalinteractionofwaterqualityvariablesandtheutilizationandre-cyclingofnutrientsbylivingmatter.Themodelsimulatesfulloxygenandnutrientbalance,primaryproductivityandthetransport,reactionmechanismandfateofpollutantsovertidaltime-scales.ThemodelisappliedtonumericalsimulationoftidalflowsandwaterqualityinDalianBay.Themodelhasbeencalibratedagainstalimiteddatasetofhistoricalwaterqualityobservationsandingeneraldemonstra

简介：-thymosins,高度保存的肽的一个家庭，起一个重要作用在愈合创伤，angiogenesis，抗菌剂过程和抗病毒的免疫。三新奇-thymosin-repeat蛋白质，命名mjthm4，mjthm3和mjthm2，从抑制用表示顺序标签(EST)从Marsupenaeusjaponicus被克隆减少性的杂交。拥有的mjthm4，mjthm3和mjthm2cDNAs打开编码了166，128和90的读的框架氨基酸残余多肽并且包含了四，三和二-thymosin肌动朊绑定模块分别地。强风分析证明mjthm4，mjthm3和mjthm2与已知的无脊椎的多重复-thymosins分享了高相同。这些蛋白质无所不在地检验纸巾在所有被表示，并且transcriptional层次在肠是最高的。进一步的调查表明mjthm4，mjthm3和mjthm2是显著地起来调整的在WSSV感染以后的6h。而且当mjthm4transcriptional层次没显示变化时，mjthm3和mjthm2层次在病毒抵抗的虾减少了。结果显示mjthm4，mjthm3和mjthm2是新奇多重复-thymosin相当或相同事物，与WSSV感染有一种靠近的关系，并且可能贡献在虾的主人防卫或病毒侵略相互作用的更好的理解。

简介：-Thispapercarriesouttheanalysisofmechanicsofagripsystemofthree-key-boardhydraulictongsdevelopedforoffshoreoilpipelineswhichhasbeensuccessfullyusedinoilfieldsinChina.Themainimprovementofthissystemisthataleverframestructureisusedinthestructuraldesign,whichreducesgreatlythestressesofthemajorcomponentsoftheoilpipetongs.Theoreticalanalysisandnumericalcalcu-lationbasedonthirteenbasicequationsdevelopedshowthattheteethboardofthetongsisnoteasytoslipasfrequentlyhappenstoothersystemsandisofhigherreliability.

简介：现在的纸介绍为一个缩影开发的一个三维的指导系统自治在水下车辆(AUV)。指导系统基于目标行为和车辆能力为车辆决定最好的轨道。这新奇AUV的动态模型基于它象水平姿势和独立潜水机制那样的特殊特征被导出。设计指导策略，主要想法是选择需要的深度，与AUV和目标的水平距离想成正比。由与一根直线连接二，这策略帮助AUV搬到离这根线足够地靠近的一条轨道。到线的轨道的毗邻导致相当短的旅行距离并且避免不安全的区域。自动驾驶仪用滑动模式控制器被设计。二不同约会几何学被认为评估策略表演：静止目标和动人的目标。模拟结果证明策略能处于两种目标状况提供足够地快、光滑的轨道。

简介：Asimplethree-dimensionaltidalmodelisusedtoexaminetheM2tidalcurrentdistributioninanortheasternpartoftheEastChinaSea,especiallytheverticalvariationofthecurrentintheregion.ComputedM2currentiscomparedwithobservationsavailableandfoundtobeingoodagreement.Mainfeaturesofthecalculatingmethodinthisstudyare:(1)Verticalvariationofthetidalcurrentistakenasafunetionofthedepth-meanvelocity:(2)themethodisapplicabletoavarietyoftheverticaleddyviscosities;(3)ithasafineverticalresolution,especiallyneartheseabootom.So,thismethodnotonlyenablesustogetasteadystatesolutioneasilybutalsodepictseffectsofthefrictionontheverticalvariationofthecurrentmuchbetter.

简介：ViathevaluableopportunityoftheThreeGorgesReservoir(TGR)135-mfillinginJune2003,theYangtzedischargeandsuspendedsedimentconcentration(SSC)enteringtheestuaryduringtheperiodfrom15Mayto15July2003wereanalyzedtoexaminetheinstanteffectsofthefillingonthem.TheYangtzedischargeandSSCenteringtheestuaryintheperiodsbefore,duringandafterthefillingclearlyindicatedthreephases:1)thepre-storagephasecharacterizedbynaturalconditions,inwhichtheSSCincreasedwithincreasingwaterdischarge;2)thestoragephase,duringwhichtheSSCdecreaseddramaticallywithdecreasingwaterdischarge;and3)thepost-storagephase,duringwhichboththeSSCandwaterdischargeremainedatrelativelylowlevelsfirstuntiltheendofJune,thentheSSCincreasedgraduallywithincreasingwaterdischarge.ItseemsthatthetimesfortheinstanteffectsofthedecreasingdischargedownstreamfromtheupperYangtzeontheYangtzedischargeandSSCenteringtheestuaryduetotheTGR135-mfillingtotakeplacewereabout5dand1drespectively,whilebothwereabout18dforthoseoftheincreasingdischarge.Thisprobablyreflectsthebufferingandresultantlyhysteresisofthe1800-kmstretchfromtheupperYangtzetotheestuary.TheresultsarehelpfulforscientificandhydrologicalinvestigationoftheYangtzemainstreamdownstreamfromtheTGRDamandoftheestuarineandadjacentcoastalwaters.

简介：Inthepastfewyears,three-dimensional(3-D)seismogramhasbecomeanessentialtoolfortheinterpretationofsubsurfacestratigraphyanddepositionalsystems.Seismicstratigraphyinconjunctionwithseismicgeomorphologyhaselevatedthedegreetowhichseismicdatacanfacilitategeologicalinterpretation,especiallyinadeepwaterenvironment.Technologiessuchastimeslicingandintervalattributeanalysiscanenhancegeomorphologicalinterpretations,and,whenintegratedwithstratigraphicanalyses,canyieldinsightsregardingdistributionofsealandreservoirfacies.Multipleattributescorenderingcanfurtherbringoutfeaturesofgeologicalinterestthatothertechnologiesmayoverlook.Thismethodinvolvescorenderspectraldecompositioncomponents(SDC)withsemblanceattributestodescribethedistributionofdeepwaterchannelelementsandtheboundariesofdeepwatersinuouschannel.Applyingthistechnologytofourelementsisobserved:(1)point-bars,(2)migrationofchannelmeanderloops,(3)channelerosion/cut,and(4)avulsion.Theplanviewexpressionofthedeepwaterchannelrangesfromlowsinuositytohighsinuosity.Furthermore,thistechnologyhasenabledinterpreterstovisualizedetailsofcomplexdepositionalelementsandcanbeusedtopredictnet-to-grossratioinchannelsystems,whichcanbeincorporatedintoboreholeplanningforexplorationaswellasdevelopmentneedstoimproveriskmanagementsignificantly.Thetechnologyisappliedtothestudyareainanefforttoillustratethevarietyofinterpretationtechnologiesavailabletothegeoscientist.

简介：Nano-sizedzincoxide(nZnO)particlesareonekindofthemostcommonlyusedmetaloxidenanoparticles(NPs).ThisstudycomparedthecytotoxicandembryotoxiceffectsofthreeincreasingsizedZnOparticles(30nm,80?150nmand2μm)inthefloundergill(FG)cellsandzebrafishembryos,andanalyzedthecontributionofsize,agglomerationandreleasedZn2+tothetoxiceffects.AllthetestedZnOparticleswerefoundtobehighlytoxictobothFGcellsandzebrafishembryos.Theyinducedgrowthinhibition,LDHrelease,morphologicalchangesandapoptosisinFGcellsinaconcentration-,size-andtime-dependentmanner.Moreover,thereleaseofLDHfromtheexposedFGcellsintothemediumoccurredbeforetheobservablemorphologicalchangeshappened.TheultrasonicationtreatmentandadditionofserumfavoredthedispersionofZnOparticlesandalleviatedtheagglomeration,thussignificantlyincreasedthecorrespondingcytotoxicity.ThereleasedZn2+ionsfromZnOparticlesintotheextracellularmediumonlypartiallycontributedtothecytotoxicity.AllthethreesizesofZnOparticlestestedinduceddevelopmentalmalformations,decreaseofhatchingratesandlethalityinzebrafishembryos,butsize-andconcentration-dependenttoxiceffectswerenotsoobviousasinFGcellspossiblyduetotheeasyaggregationofZnOparticlesinfreshwater.Inconclusion,bothFGcellsandzebrafishembryosaresensitivebioassaysystemsforsafetyassessmentofZnOparticlesandtheenvironmentalreleaseofZnOparticlesshouldbecloselymonitoredasfarasthesafetyofaquaticorganismsisconcerned.

简介：Anexperimentwasdesignedtoselecteconomicallyvaluablemacroalgaspecieswithhighnutrientuptakerates.Suchspeciesculturedonalargescalecouldbeapotentialsolutiontoeutrophication.Threemacroalgaespecies,Ulvapertusa(Chlorophyta),Gelidiumamansii(Rhodophyta)andSargassumenerve(Phaeophyta),werechosenfortheexperimentbecauseoftheireconomicvaluesandavailability.ControlandfournitrogenconcentrationswereachievedbyaddingNH4andNO3.Theresultsindicatethatthefreshweightsofallspeciesincreasefasterthanthatofcontrolafter5dculture.ThefreshweightofUlvapertusaincreasesfastestamongthe3species.However,differentspeciesshowdifferentresponsestonitrogensourceanditsavailability.TheyalsoshowtheadvantageofusingNH+4thanusingNO-3.U.Pertusagrowsbestandshowshighercapabilityofremovingnitrogenat200μmolL-1,butithaslowereconomicalvalue.G.Amansiihashighereconomicalvaluebutlowercapabilityofremovingnitrogenat200μmolL-1.ThecapabilityofnitrogenassimilationofS.EnerveishigherthanthatofG.Amansiiat200μmolL-1,buttheformer'sincreaseoffreshweightislowerthanthoseofothertwospecies.Thenpresentpreliminarystudydemonstratesthatitispossibletousemacroalgaeasbiofiltersandfurtherdevelopmentofthisapproachcouldprovidebiologicallyvaluableinformationonthesource,fate,andtransportofNinmarineecosystems.Cautionisneededshouldweextrapolatethesefindingstonaturalenvironments.