简介:目的:探讨在基层医院行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术中玻璃体脱出的原因和预防以及处理办法。方法:对我院2008-01/2009-042000例小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术中52例52眼玻璃体脱出的情况进行回顾性分析。结果:52眼玻璃体脱出发生在上浮核、劈核、圈套核和吸皮质时;49眼植入人工晶状体,3眼未植入人工晶状体;45眼获得满意圆瞳孔,7眼欠圆;18眼术后视力〉0.5,27眼视力〉0.3,3眼视力〉0.1,2眼视力〉0.05,2眼视力〈0.05。结论:小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入发生玻璃体脱出多在劈核、圈套核及吸取皮质时,玻璃体脱出经过及时恰当的处理仍然可以获得较满意的效果。
简介:目的探讨总结白内障扶贫复明术中“灌注液迷流综合征”的原因及处理方法。方法本院2011-2013年间参与防盲民生工程,共有31例患者发生“灌注液迷流综合征”,临床表现为突发性眼压升高、浅前房、虹膜脱出,通过注入黏弹剂以及升高灌注瓶高度无法维持前房深度,术中检查未发现眼内出血现象,其中7例发生在水分离和水分层后,24例发生在皮质吸出过程中。所有发生灌注液迷流综合征的患者均暂停手术,给予20%甘露醇250ml静脉滴注,若经药物降压无效,可根据手术条件行经平坦部前段玻璃体切割术或玻璃体腔穿刺术,待前房形成后继续进行手术。结果31例患者中,29例经甘露醇静滴治疗后前房形成,继续完成手术,2例经药物降压仍不能形成前房,经平坦部行前段玻璃体切割术后前房形成,继续完成手术。术后1天裸眼视力0.3~1.0者为20例(20眼),视力0.1~0.3者为8例(8眼),视力0.02~0.1者为3例(3眼),眼压高于或等于21mmHg者10例(10眼),发生角膜水肿者14例(14眼)。术后1周裸眼视力0.3~1.0者为24例(24眼),视力0.1~0.3者为7例(7眼),眼压均恢复正常,无角膜水肿发生。结论小切口白内障囊外摘除术中灌注液迷流综合征是一种少见的术中并发症,经正确处理可以缓解突发性眼压升高引起的各种体征,顺利完成手术。
简介:目的探讨一组特殊设计镜片对周边屈光度、周边清晰视力范围和主观感受的影响。方法3例(4眼)被试者,年龄22-31岁,屈光度-2.0D,按随机顺序分别在单眼配戴普通非球面镜片、成长乐镜片、视特保大、中、小光区镜片的情况下进行周边屈光度、周边清晰视力范围测量和主观评分,主观评分包括远距和近距戴镜舒适度、清晰度和接受度。结果配戴5种镜片时,被试眼相对周边屈光度均为远视状态,远视度数随周边角度增加而增加。配戴普通非球面镜片和视特保大光区镜片时周边远视度数最大,视特保中光区镜片其次,成长乐镜片和视特保小光区镜片最小;配戴普通非球面镜片和视特保大光区镜片时的周边清晰视力范围最大,其次是视特保中光区镜片,最小的是成长乐镜片和视特保小光区镜片;远距评分为普通非球面镜片最高,视特保大光区镜片其次,然后为视特保中光区镜片,成长乐镜片及视特保小光区镜片最差;近距评分视特保大光区镜片接近普通非球面镜片,视特保中光区镜片和成长乐镜片其次,视特保小光区镜片最差。结论不同设计的中周部加光镜片对改变周边屈光度的作用存在差异,其配戴后的顺应性与镜片改变周边屈光度的程度呈负相关。
简介:AIM:Toevaluatechangesintheanteriorchamberdepth(ACD),crystallinelensthickness(LT)anditsrefractivepowerafterlaserinsitukeratomileusis(LASIK).·METHODS:Inallcases,thepreoperativeandpostoperativecentralACDwhichweremeasuredwithPentacam,Orbscan,IOL-MasterandA-scanultrasonography,centralcornealtruenetpowerwhichwasmeasuredwiththePentacam,OrbscanandIOL-Master,axiallength(AL)whichwasmeasuredwithIOL-MasterandLTwhichwasmeasuredwiththeA-scanultrasonographywerecomparedusingthepairedsamplettest.OcularrefractiveerrorsandlensrefractivepoweratcornealplanewerecalculatedandtheircorrelationswerealsoevaluatedbeforeandafterLASIK.RESULTS:At1weekafterLASIK,LTandcrystallinelensrefractivepoweratcornealplane(Dlens)whichwereassociatedwiththeIOL-MasterandPentacamincreasedsignificantly(P≤0.005),ACDdecreasedsignificantly(P≤0.001),butnosignificantincreasewasobservedintheDlenswhichwasassociatedwiththeOrbscan(P=0.261).SignificantcorrelationsbetweenthechangesintheocularrefractiveerrorsandDlenswhichwereassociatedwiththePentacamwereobservedat1weekand6monthsafterLASIK(P=0.028;P=0.001).CONCLUSION:LTincreasedsignificantlyafterLASIK,andthismightpartiallyleadtoACDdecrease,Dlensincreaseandasmallquantityofmyopicregression.
简介:AIM:Toanalyzetheapplicationofmicrobubblecontrasttechnologyinthetreatmentofophthalmicdiseases,mainlyanalyzingitsadvantagesandexistingproblems.METHODS:Atotalof30representativeliteraturesabouttheapplicationofultrasoundcontrastagentingenetargetedtherapyathomeandabroadwerecollected,andfocusingonsortingouttheliteraturereportingthetreatmentofophthalmicdiseaseswithmicrobubblecontrasttechnologyinrecentyears,thenrecallingitsadvantagesandproblems,finallymakingreasonableassessmentonexistingproblemsandproposingpossiblesolutionstotheproblems.RESULTS:Duetoitsuniquesafetyandefficacy,thetreatmentofophthalmicdiseaseswithmicrobubblecontrasttechnologyhasincreasinglydrawntheattentionofclinicians,buttworelevantissuesshouldbeconsidered:first,thenatureofcontrastagentandthechoiceofcorrespondingultrasoundparameters;second,relativeincidenceoftissuebleeding,intravascularhemolysis,moderateorsevereallergyaswellasothersideeffects.CONCLUSION:Microbubblemaybecomethecarrieroftargetedtherapy,andasakindofnewnon-invasivedeliverysystem,theultrasoundcontrastagenthasbroadapplicationprospects,butitsapplicationinophthalmicresearchisstillinitsinitialstageandthesafetyofcontrast-enhancedultrasoundstillneedsfurtherstudy.
简介:目的以接受免费白内障手术的患者电话随访结果为依据,对我省防盲项目完成效果进行评价、分析,探讨提出加强和完善基层医院眼科参与大规模防盲项目患者的可持续随访体系。方法通过以电话随访的方式,对2012年云南省'光明工程'6万例免费白内障手术患者中随机抽取2000例患者就手术视力提高程度及满意度进行电话随访。随访统一使用云南省卫生厅《2012年云南省'光明工程'患者电话随访表》,由专人于4周内完成电话随访。结果患者术后视力明显提高者占90.20%;患者对术后满意度达93.27%;从生活不能自理到能自理占86.41%;术后生活质量明显提高占85.79%;术后患眼有不适者占17.76%;知道如出现不适如何处理的患者占70%;新农合占93.81%,居民医保5.56%,职工医保1.64%,其他医保占0.88%;所有患者均为免费手术,无自付比例。结论在基层开展大规模集中白内障防盲项目的过程中,在严格监控患者术后质量、手术费用、住院天数、降低患者的医疗费用的同时,更应该加强对手术患者的长效管理机制,建立合理的患者随访体系,总结经验,不断完善工作流程,真正改善患者的生活质量,提高患者满意度,体现防盲工作的真正含义。
简介:AIM:ToanalyzecasesofobstructionofthenasolacrimalductwhichcreatesafertileenvironmentforsecondarybacterialInfectionandcanresultindacryocystitis,whichisaconstantthreattocorneaandorbitalsofttissueandapotentialsourceofendophthalmitisfollowingintraocularsurgery.Themajorityofobstructionsofthelacrimalexcretoryoutflowsystemareacquiredonesoccurringinadulthoodandinvolvingthedistalpartsofthesystem.Acquiredobstructionmaybeprimary/idiopathicorsecondarytoawidevarietyofinfectious,inflammatory,traumatic,mechanical,toxicorneoplasticcausesmimickingidiopathicinflammation.Thesecasesaretreatedbydacryocystorhinostomy(DCR).METHODS:Thepresentstudywasconductedtodeterminethehistopathologic,immunohistochemicalandcurrentmicrobiologiccharacteristicsoflacrimalsacspecimensinpatientsundergoingexternaldacryocystorhinostomy.RESULTS:Non-specificlacrimalsacpathologywaspresentinall33casesand81.8%ofthecasesshowedmoderatechronicinflammationwithachronicinflammatoryscore(CIS)rangingbetween4and6,whereas12.12%showedsevereinflammatorychangeswithaCISof7.Milddegreeofinflammationwasseenin6.06%withaCISof3.Thetotalprevalenceofgrampositive,gram-negative,andculture-negativesampleswere59.4%,37.5%,and3%respectively.CONCLUSION:Non-specificchronicinflammationwithfibrosisisindeedthemostcommonlyreportedhistopathologicalfindinginlacrimalsacwallbiopsyspecimens.
简介:目的分析Nd:YAG激光行后囊膜切开术治疗白内障复明手术后不同类型后发性白内障的治疗作用与术后并发症。方法对白内障复明手术后,109例(109眼)后发性白内障依据后囊昆浊形态分为:A组Elschnig珍珠样小体型46例(46眼),B组纤维化型63例(63眼)。采用十字形切开法或开罐式切开法进行激光后囊膜切开术,比较两组激光术前最佳矫正视力与激光术后最佳矫正视力以及激光术后并发症情况。结果A、B两组内激光术后最佳矫正视力较激光术前最佳矫正视力改善(P〈0.05);A组术后眼压升高和房水闪辉明显高于B组(P〈0.05)。结论Nd:YAG激光是治疗白内障复明手术后不同类型后发障的常用有效的治疗方法,激光术后并发症与后发性白内障类型有关。
简介:AIM:Todefinetheultrasonographicstructureofnormallowereyelidanatomiccompartmentsandtheirspacialrelationshipindynamicmotion.METHODS:Highresolutionultrasound(15MHz)wasperformedonthelowereyelidsof7normalsubjects.Movementsofthelowereyelidanditscompartmentswerevisualizedwithultrasound.Inaddition,themaximalexcursionareaofthelowereyelidfatcompartmentsandretractormotionswasmeasuredbeforeandaftermotion.RESULTS:Theorbicularismusclecouldbeseenasanecholucentstructurebetweenthedermisandtheechodencefatpads.Lowereyelidfatpadseemstobedividedinto2compartmentsasrangeofmotionanddirectionofmovementofeachofthemvaries.Itseemsthatthesecompartmentshavealsodifferentbehavior.Themeasuredprofileareaofthevisiblenormallowereyelidfatpadsduringmovementofglobefromup-gazetodown-gazedecreasedby50%.Orderofmovementoflowereyelidstructuresseemstobeasfollows:afterglobemovementfistweseeretractormovement,anteriororbitalfatpad,thenskinandseptum,andfinallymovementofinferiorfatpad.CONCLUSION:Ultrasoundrepresentsanoninvasivetoolforthevisualizationoflowereyelidmorphology.Expandingitsapplicationcouldhelpusunderstandthecompartmentalchangesinphysiologicaleyelidmovement,inaginganddiseasedstudypopulations,aswellasassessoperativeoutcomes.
简介:AIM:Toassesstheeffectivenessofimmunosuppressantsintheprophylaxisofcornealallograftrejectionafterhigh-riskkeratoplastyandnormal-riskkeratoplasty.METHODS:WesearchedtheCochraneCentralRegisterofControlledTrials(CENTRAL),MEDLINE,EMBASE,CNKI,VIPandreferencelistsofarticles.Dateofmostrecentsearch:18June,2011.Allrandomisedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)assessingtheuseofimmunosupressantsinthepreventionofgraftrejection,irrespectiveofpublicationlanguage.Twoauthorsassessedtrialqualityandextracteddataindependently.Onlydichotomousoutcomes(cleargraftsurvival,ratioofimmunereactionsandsideeffects)wereavailableandwereexpressedasrelativerisk(RR)and95%confidenceintervals(CI).RESULTS:Sevenstudieswereincludedinthisreview.Inthecomparingofmycophenolatemofetil(MMF)withplacebo,theresultsshowedMMFcouldsignificantlyreduceimmunereactionscomparedwithplacebo(RR1.0895%Cl0.95to1.21),butnoeffectoncleargraftsurvival(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35).Incleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions,MMFandcyclosporineA(CsA)showedsimilareffect(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35,andRR1.48,95%Cl0.56to3.93,respectively).Tacrolimus(FK506)andsteroidshowedsimilareffectsoncleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions(RR0.32,95%CI0.02to6.21,andRR1.00,95%CI0.88to1.14,respectively).Nodrugrelativesideeffecthasbeenfound.CONCLUSION:MMFmayreduceimmunereactionsinbothnormal-riskandhigh-riskrejectionofpenetratingkeratoplasty.CsAandFK506showedsimilareffectsasMMF.However,duetothelackoflargeclinicaltrials,theevidenceremainweak,thequalityofevidenceswereratedasverylowtomoderate.Large,properlyrandomised,placebo-controlled,doublemaskedtrialsareneededtoevaluatetheeffectofimmunosuppressants.