简介：AIM:Topresenttheoutcomeofmodifiedgridlaserphotocoagulation(GLP)indiffusediabeticmacularedema(DDME)ineyeswithoutextrafovealand/orvitreofovealtraction.METHODS:InclusioncriteriafortheretrospectivestudywereDDMEeyesofpatientswithtypeⅡdiabetesmellitusthathad≥4monthsoffollow-upfollowingGLP.Onlyoneeyeperpatientwasanalyzed.Using3-Dspectral-domainopticalcoherencetomography(3-DSDOCT),eyesthathadeitherextrafovealorvitreofovealtraction,orhadbeenpreviouslytreatedbyanintravitrealmedication(s)wereexcluded.TreatedDDMEeyesweredividedinto4groups:A)'Classic'DDMEthatinvolvedthecentralmacula;B)edemadidnotinvolvethemacularcenter;C)eyesassociatedwithcentralepiretinalmembrane(ERM);D)DDMEthatwasassociatedwithmacularcapillarydropout≥2disc-diameter(DD).RESULTS:GLPoutcomein35DDMEeyesafter4-24(mean,13.1±6.9)monthswasasfollows:GroupA)18eyeswith'classic'DDME.Followingoneor2(mean,1.2)GLPtreatments,best-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA)improvedby1-2Snellenlinesin44.4%(8/18)ofeyes,andworsenedby1linein11.1%(2/18).Centralmacularthickness(CMT)improvedby7%-49%(mean,26.6%)in77.8%(14/18)ofeyes.CausesofCMTworsening(n=4)werecommonlyexplainable,predominantly(n=3)associatedwithemergenceofextrafovealtraction,5-9monthspost-GLP.GroupB)GLP(s)inDDMEthatdidnotinvolvethemacularcenter(n=6)resultedinimprovedBCVAby1-2linesin2eyes.However,thecentralmaculabecameinvolvedintheedemaprocessaftertheGLPin3(50%)eyes,associatedwithanemergenceofextrafovealtractioninoneoftheseeyes4monthsfollowingtheGLP.GroupC)GLPfailedinall5eyesassociatedwithcentralERM.GroupD)GLPwasofpartialbenefitin2of6treatedeyeswithmacularcapillarydropout≥2DD.CONCLUSION:EyeswithDDMEthatinvolvedthemacularcenterwerefoundtoachievefavourableoutcomesafterGLP(s)duringmid-termfollow-up,unlesscomplicatedpre-GLPorpost-GLPbyvltreoretinalinterfaceabnormalities,oftenextrafovealtra

简介：Thekeratoprosthesis(KPro;artificialcornea)isaspecialrefractivedevicetoreplacehumancorneabyusingheterogeneousformingmaterialsfortheimplantationintothedamagedeyesinordertoobtainacertainvision.Themainproblemsofartificialcorneaarethebiocompatibilityandstabilityofthetissueparticularlyinpenetratingkeratoplasty.Thecurrentstudiesoftissue-engineeredscaffoldmaterialsthroughcomprisingcompositesofnaturalandsyntheticbiopolymerstogetherhavedevelopedanewwaytoartificialcornea.Althoughawideagreementthatthelong-termstabilityofthesedeviceswouldbegreatlyimprovedbythepresenceofcorneacells,modificationofkeratoprosthesistosupportcorneacellsremainselusive.Mostofthestudiesoncornealsubstratematerialsandsurfacemodificationofcompositeshavetriedtoimprovethegrowthandbiocompatibilityofcorneacellswhichcannotonlyreducethestimulusofheterogeneousmaterials,butalsomoreimportantlycontinuousandstablecorneacellscanpreventthedestructionofcollagenase.Thenecrosisofstromaandspontaneousextrusionofthedevice,allowformaintenanceofaprecornealtearlayer,andplaytheroleofensuringagoodopticalsurfaceandresistingbacterialinfection.Asaresult,improvementincornealcellshasbeenthemainaimofseveralrecentinvestigations;someefforthasfocusedonbiomaterialforitswellbiologicalpropertiessuchaspromotingthegrowthofcorneacells.Thepurposeofthisreviewistosummarythegrowthstatusofthecornealcellsaftertheimplantationofseveralartificialcorneas.

简介：Thedamageofhumancornealcellsencounterwiththeproblemofavailabilityofcornealcellsforreplacement.Limitationofthesourceofcornealcellshasbeenrealized.Anattemptofdevelopmentofcornealepithelial-likecellsfromthehumanskin-derivedprecursor(hSKPs)hasbeenmadeinthisstudy.Combinationofthreeessentialgrowthfactors:epidermalgrowthfactor(EGF),keratinocytegrowthfactor(KGF)andhepatocytegrowthfactor(HGF)coulddemonstratesuccessfullyinductionofhSKPstodifferentiationintocornealcells.Theinducedcellsexpressedtheappearanceofmarkersofcornealepithelialcellsasshownbythepresenceofkeratin3(K3)byantibodylabelandWesternblotassay.TheK3geneexpressionofinducedhSKPscellsasshownbyreversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)technologywasalsodemonstrated.ThepresenceofthesemarkersatbothgeneandproteinlevelscouldleadtoourconclusionthatthedirectionaltransdifferentiationofhSKPscellsintocornealepithelialcellswassuccessfullydoneunderthiscellinductionprotocol.Thefindingshowsanewlyavailablestemcellsourcecanbeobtainedfromeasilyavailableskin.Cellsfromautologoushumanskinmightbeusedforcornealdisordertreatmentinfutureclinicalapplication.

简介：AIM:Toestablishanuntransfectedhumancornealstromal(HCS)celllineandcharacterizeitsbiocompatibilitytoacellularporcinecornealstroma(aPCS).·METHODS:PrimaryculturewasinitiatedwithapurepopulationofHCScellsinDMEM/F12media(pH7.2)containing20%fetalbovineserumandvariousnecessarygrowthfactors.Theestablishedcelllinewascharacterizedbygrowthproperty,chromosomeanalysis,tumorigenicityassay,expressionofmarkerproteinsandfunctionalproteins.Furthermore,thebiocompatibilityofHCScellswithaPCSwasexaminedthroughhistologicalandimmunocytochemistryanalysesandwithlight,electronmicroscopies.·RESULTS:HCScellsproliferatedtoconfluence2weekslaterinprimarycultureandhavebeensubculturedtopassage140sofar.AcontinuousuntransfectedHCScelllinewithapopulationdoublingtimeof41.44hoursatpassage80hasbeendetermined.Resultsofchromosomeanalysis,morphology,combinedwiththeresultsofexpressionofmarkerproteinandfunctionalproteinssuggestedthatthecellsretainedHCScellproperties.Furthermore,HCScellshavenotumorigenicity,andwithexcellentbiocompatibilitytoaPCS.·CONCLUSION:Anuntransfectedandnon-tumorigenicHCScelllinehasbeenestablished,andthecellsmaintainedpositiveexpressionofmarkerproteinsandfunctionalproteins.Thecellline,withexcellentbiocompatibilitytoaPCS,mightbeusedforinvitroreconstructionoftissue-engineeredHCS.

简介：AIM:TotrainTibetanmonkey(Macacathibetana)forintraocularpressure(IOP)measurementinconsciousstateandobtainnormalIOPinconsciousTibetanMacaque.·METHODS:Thetrainingwasbasedonaward-conditionedbehavior.Foodstimulationandhuman-animalinteractionwereusedinthistraining.·RESULTS:TrainedTibetanmonkeyscalmlyacceptedIOPmeasurementbytheTonoVet?誖reboundtonometerwithoutsedationoranesthesiaandtheirIOPvaluesweresimilartootherprimates.·CONCLUSION:Human-cultivatedThibetanmonkeysaretamable,andcanbeusedforbiomedicalresearchsuchasophthalmicresearchwithoutanesthesia.

简介：目的探讨超声乳化术中超声波对兔视网膜的近期影响.方法选取普通家兔30只(60眼),随机分为A,B,C3组,每组10只兔(10眼),且使每只兔保持1眼属实验组,另1眼属对照组.实验组行超声乳化术,对照组行晶状体囊外摘除术,各组分别在术毕、术后6,24h剥离视网膜.测定视网膜中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathioneperoxidase,GSH-Px)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)活性、脂质过氧化物(lipidperoxide,LPO)的含量.结果与对照组比较实验组GSH-Px活性在各时点均低于对照组(P＜0.05);实验组SOD活性低于对照组,术毕2组间的差别有显著性(P＜0.05),术后6,24h差别无显著性(P＞0.05);实验组LPO含量在各时点均高于对照组(P＜0.01).超声波单一因素对GSH-Px活性的影响在3个不同时点差别无统计学意义(F=2.33,P=0.1170);对SOD活性的影响在不同时点不全相等(F=3.92,P=0.0321);对LPO含量的影响在不同时点不全相等(F=9.10,P=0.001).结论从脂质过氧化的角度,超声乳化术中超声波对兔视网膜可造成一定程度的损伤,在术后24h没有完全恢复.

简介：·AIM:Toexploretheeffectofimmunizationwithcopolymer-1(COP-1)andretinalstemcells(RSCs)transplantationoninterferon-gamma(IFN-γ)levelsinaratexperimentalglaucomamodel.·METHODS:Anexperimentalglaucomawasinducedbyargonlaserphotocoagulationoftheepiscleralveinsandlimbalplexusintherighteyeofrats.Immediatelyfollowingglaucomainduction,ratswereimmunizedwithCOP-1.RSCswereculturedandtransplantedintravitreallyintotheeyesofglaucomamodelanimals1weekpost-lasertreatment.Sixexperimentalgroupswereused:COP-1/RSC,PBS/RSC,COP-1/PBS,PBS/PBS,glaucomamodelgroup,andanormalcontrolgroup.TheconcentrationofIFN-γinaqueoushumor(AH)andserumwasmeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)ineachofthesixgroups.Retinalganglioncell(RGC)survivalwasassessedbyquantifyingapoptosisusingHoechststaining.·RESULTS:ConcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumofratsthathadundergoneglaucomainductionwerehigherthanthoseofnon-inducedcontrolrats.TheconcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCstreatedgroupweredeterminedtobe2371.9ng/Land710.9ng/L,respectively,whichweresignificantlylowerthanthoseintheothertreatedgroups(P<0.05).Infact,IFN-γlevelsinthedualtreatedgroupwerereducedtobackgroundlevels.TheCOP-1/RSCgrouphadlowernumberofapoptoticRGCsthantheotherthreeexperimentalgroups(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:ThereducedlevelsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCgroupmayberelatedtosynergisticeffectsbetweenRSCstransplantationandCOP-1immunemodulation.ItislikelythatthelowerlevelsofIFN-γpreventedRGCsglaucomatousapoptosis.·

简介：光学相干断层扫描血管成像（opticalcoherencetomographyangiography,OCTA）是近几年来新兴的眼科影像学检查方法,OCTA具有无需造影剂、高分辨率、检查快捷、三维成像等优势,在视网膜静脉阻塞（retinalveinocclusion,RVO）,糖尿病视网膜病变（diabeticretinopathy,DR）,脉络膜新生血管（choroidalneovascularization,CNV）,青光眼视神经损伤,眼前节等领域应用潜力巨大,但OCTA也有应用的局限性。本文对OCTA的成像原理及特点做简单介绍,就OCTA的临床应用进展做一综述。

简介：目的探讨如何对翼状胬肉手术患者术前准备流程及护理措施优化,以缩短患者的等候时间,避免护理缺陷及安全风险,从而提高护理质量。方法以2012年至2015年12月共收治约654例688眼翼状胬肉患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组。对照分析2组的护理质量及患者和医生对术前准备的满意度。结果采用优化护理流程的观察组择期手术前准备不完善率10.3%,手术医生满意度95.17%,患者满意度91.03%,与对照组术前准备不完善率30.77%,手术医生满意率71.98%,患者满意度78.57%,相比较差异有统计意义（P﹤0.05）,观察组手术室接患者时间少于10min占93.79%,与对照组的72.53%比较差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）,缩短了转运时间。结论术前准备中实施优质护理的确能提高护理质量及患者、手术医生对于术前准备的满意度。

简介：目的探讨纤维蛋白封闭剂（fibrinsealing，FS）在功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术中的临床应用价值。方法随机将163例行鼻内镜鼻窦手术患者分成FS组、Merocel高膨胀材料组和凡士林油纱条组，比较不同填塞材料的术后临床表现及远期影响。结果FS组在鼻内镜鼻窦手术中止血效果差于高膨胀材料及凡士林油纱条组，但术后头痛及鼻腔疼痛较轻，鼻黏膜反应轻，创口愈合快，鼻黏膜上皮化快，鼻腔粘连少。结论鼻内镜鼻窦手术中应用FS术后头痛及鼻黏膜反应轻，值得临床进一步实践、应用。

简介：目的研究临床路径在老年性白内障患者围术期中的应用效果及价值。方法选择我院均在局麻下行白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶体植入术的老年性白内障患者120例。随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组采用常规护理60例,观察组采用临床路径进行护理管理60例,进行对比分析护理效果。结果观察组病人平均住院日和医疗费用明显降低,满意度明显提高。与对照组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论按照临床路径对老年性白内障手术患者实施护理,不但能够有效缩短住院时间、减少医疗费用,而且提高了患者满意度,保证了护理质量,节省了卫生资源,值得推广。

简介：目的探讨酒精浸润法在翼状胬肉切除术中的应用和临床效果。方法借鉴LASEK技术,术中运用20%酒精浸泡胬肉周围的角膜上皮以制造一个清晰的分离平面,用白内障隧道刀剥离胬肉及其下方的角膜组织,胬肉切除后联合羊膜移植。结果42例50眼中,49眼治愈,复发1眼,视力有提高42眼,视力不变8眼,未见任何并发症。结论本方法可较彻底地清除胬肉组织,为胬肉切除术后形成平滑的角膜面提供了简单安全的方法。

简介：目的评价聚维酮碘在大规模白内障防盲手术中预防术后感染性眼内炎的有效性和安全性。方法四川省贫困白内障防盲手术患者862例（862眼），在术前使用50g／L聚维酮碘消毒眼周皮肤、睑缘和结膜囊，术中、术后观察眼部体征并询问患者主观不适。结果所有患者均无术后感染性眼内炎发生。23例患者有术中眼部刺激感，但无严重并发症。结论在大规模自内障防盲手术中使用50g/L聚维酮碘是一种有效、安全的预防术后感染性眼内炎的措施。

简介：目的探索支气管镜在气管内支架置入术中的应用技术.方法表面麻醉下经气管镜或麻醉插管进行气管内支架置入.结果全部7例气管狭窄患者均成功置入支架,症状缓解.随访4～16个月,气道通畅,支架位置良好.结论支气管镜下内支架置入术,具有麻醉简单、手术简便、安全可靠、损伤小、起效快的优点.

简介：变应性鼻炎（AR）是机体接触变应原后发生在鼻黏膜的非感染性炎性反应,肥大细胞（MC）浸润在其发病过程中起着重要作用.新近发现的MC表面受体白介素33受体（IL-33R）、胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素受体（TSLPR）和Toll样受体4（TLR4）可以促使MC产生Th2相关效应因子,促发且维持Th2偏向,加重AR的免疫炎性反应,是研究和治疗AR潜在的靶点.本文将对上述受体的结构、表达、功能、相应配体、信号转导及其在AR中的作用进行简要概述.

简介：<正>目前对于青光眼的治疗,主要采用小梁切除术,取得良好的疗效,而其术后并发症如浅前房、低眼压、脉络膜脱离,黄斑水肿等成为影响术后效果及视力恢复的主要因素。为解决这些问题,我们在术中采用可拆式巩膜瓣缝线,术后拆线方法,减少了并发症的发生,取得了较好的效果,总结如下。

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheeffectsandsafetyofphacoemu-lsification(Phaco)orsmall-incisionextracapsularcataractsurgery(SICS)andintraocularlens(IOL)implantationforagedpatients.METHODS:Totally137agedpatients(149eyes)underwentcataractoperationinthecaseofstablesystemiccondition,thebloodpressurelessthan160/95mmHg,bloodglucoselessthan8mmol/L,andunderthehelpofelectrocardiogramsurveillancebyanesthesiologistsduringtheoperation.106agedpatients(114eyes)underwentPhacowhile31agedpatients(35eyes)underwentSICS.Thepostoperativevisualacuity,cornealendothelialcellloss,surgerytimeandmajorcomplicationswereobservedandanalyzedretrospectively.RESULTS:Thebest-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA)of≥0.6wasachievedin135eyes(92.6%)at1monthpostoperatively(χ2=259.730,P<0.001).Foragedpatients,bothPhacoandSICScouldsignificantlyimprovevisualacuitywithnosignificantdifference(χ2=4.535,P>0.05).Postoperativecornealendothelialcelllosswas18.6%,inPHACOgroup,theratewas18.5%;inSICSgroup,theratewas19.0%,thedifferenceofwhichwasnosignificant(χ2=0.102,P>0.05).Thesurgerytimewasdifferentintwogroups.Noseverecomplicationsoccurred.CONCLUSION:BothPhacoandSICScombinedwithIOLimplantationforagedpatientsareeffectiveandsafe.Beforesurgery,detailedphysicalexaminationshouldbeperformed.Whenthesystemicconditionisstable,cataractsurgeryforagedpatientsissafe.

简介：目的分析初发翼状胬肉术后患者应用于退翳明目汤治疗后的疗效。方法采用随机数字表法将我院例初103发翼状胬肉术后患者分组,对照组51例应用典必殊滴眼液治疗,观察组52例给予退翳明目汤治疗,对比两组患者治疗后临床疗效、泪膜稳定性及术后复发率。结果观察组水肿消退、角膜创面上皮修复时间及干眼症状计分均低于对照组,SchirmerBUT水平均高于对照组,复发率0%低于对照组13.89P〈0.05）-Ⅰ及%（。结论退翳明目汤能够有效提升初发翼状胬肉术后患者泪液分泌量,提升泪膜稳定性,消除干眼症状,促进创面上皮修复,降低复发率。

简介：目的：通过对Q值调整非球面切削与标准化LASIK术后视觉质量的观察来分析Q值引导个性化切削技术的临床效果。方法：对2008-01/05等效球镜低于-12.00D的46例88眼进行非球面切削或标准化LASIK术后进行随访,按术前屈光度数将其分为A组（〈-6.00D）和B组（-6.00～-12.00D）两组,对比各组非球面切削与标准化LASIK术后1mo裸眼视力、Q值、夜间眩光、夜间视物质量及满意率（后3者采取问卷调查）。结果：A、B组内非球面切削与标准化LASIK术后裸眼视力差异无统计学意义（t=1.18,P〉0.05;t=0.62,P〉0.05）;A、B组内非球面切削与标准化LASIK术后Q值差异无统计学意义（t=-0.93,P〉0.05;t=-0.372,P〉0.05）;A组内非球面切削与标准化LASIK术后眩光、夜间视物质量差异无统计学意义（眩光：χ^2=2.397,P＆gt;0.05;夜间视物质量：χ2=1.263,P〉0.05）;B组内非球面切削与标准化LASIK术后眩光、夜间视物质量差异有统计学意义（眩光：χ^2=10.85,P〈0.01;夜间视物质量：χ^2=10.85,P〈0.01）;术后效果满意率达到98％。结论：非球面切削能明显改善-6．00D以上的术后主观视觉质量。

简介：·AIM:Toreportvariousocularinjuriescausedbydurianfruit.·METHODS:Threecasesofocularinjuriesweredescribedinyoungpatients,duetoaccidentalfallofdurianfruitontheforeheadandface,whiletheyweretakingrest/sleeping/playingundertheduriantree.·RESULTS:Theocularinjuriesobservedwerelaceratinginjuryofcorneawithirisincarceration,hyphema,superficialpenetratinginjuryofscleraandanglerecessionglaucomaintherighteyeoffirstpatient;laceratinginjuryofcorneawithirisprolapseinthelefteyeofsecondpatient;subconjunctivalhaemorrhage,traumaticmydriasisandsuperficialpenetratinginjuryofsclera,commotionretinopathyandmacularedemainthelefteyeofthirdpatient.Visionimprovedtonormalinalltheeyesfollowingsurgical/medical/opticaltreatment.·CONCLUSION:Evidenceofpenetratinginjury(becauseofthorns)andbluntinjury(becauseofweight)canbeseenintheeyeswhendurianfruitfallsontheface.Visioncanberecoveredfullywithimmediateandappropriatetreatmentinthesecases.Theocularinjuriescanbepreventedbyeducatingthepublictowearprotectivemetalframewidegogglesandnottosleep/takerestundertheduriantree.