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简介：Themultilayered7XXXseriesaluminumalloywasimpactedby7.62mmogivalprojectilesatvelocitiesrangingfrom787to851m·s~(-1).Thedeformedmicrostructureundervariousimpactingvelocitiesandfracturesurfacesofdifferentsectionswereinvestigatedatdifferentphysicalscalestodeterminetheprocessoffailure.Opticalmicroscopy(OM),electronback-scattereddiffraction(EBSD)andscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)wereusedintheinvestigation.Theresultsshowthatcraterisconstrainedinthe7B52frontlayerandtwotypesofadiabaticshearbandswhicharetransformedbandsanddeformedbandsanddifferenttypesofcracksareobserved.Spallfractureisthesignificantfailuremodeof7B52frontlayer,andtheresultingdelaminationleadstothepresenceofbendingtensilefractureinsteadoftheshearplugging.Theductile7A01layerbluntsanddeflectsthespallcracktips,preventingthetargetsfromfullspall,andinducesaconstraintof7A52rearlayer.Theleveloftheconstraintdeterminesdifferentfracturemodesof7A52layer,accountingfortheasymmetryofdamage.

简介：Objective:Toobservetheeffectofoctyl-a-cyanoacrylateuponbonehealinganditsdegradationinvitroaftermiddletibialtransversefractureinrabbits,andtoestablishtreatmentofhigherefficacywiththeapplicationofoctyl-a-cyanoacrylate.Methods:MiddletibialtransversefracturemodelofNewZealandrabbitswasestablished.Intheexperimentalgroup,internalfixationwith2mmKirschnerwireswasperformedandthebrokenendswerefixedwithoctyl-a-cyanoacrylate.Inthecontrolgroup,onlyinternalfixationwith2mmKirschnerwireswasconducted.Animalswerekilledatpresettimeintervalsof2,4,6,8,10and12weekspostoperativelyandsampleswereharvested.Results:Twoweeksafteroperation,clearfracturelineswereobservedinboththeexperimentalandthecontrolgroups.Fibroussofttissueconnectionwasnotedbetweenthebrokenendsandtherewassofttissueadhesionaroundthefracturesite.Therewasnocallusformationandthebrokenendsweresurroundedbyadhesivesofttissues.Obviousexternalcallusformationwasconfirmedat8weeksafteroperationinbothgroupswithpartialdisappearanceoffracturelines.Tenandtwelveweeksaftertheoperation,fracturelinesdisappearedcompletelyandtherewasobviousexternalcallusformationandboneunion.Inthefourthweek,fibrouscellsandchondrocyteswerefoundtogrowintothecolloidandsurrounditatthe6thweek.Theadhesivematerialwasdegradedandgraduallyabsorbedatthe8thweek.Chondrificationwasobserved.Conclusions:Twoweeksafterfixationfortibialfractureinrabbits,octyl-a-cyanoacrylatebeginsinvivodegradation.Chondrocytesandfibrocytesgraduallygrowintothedegradationareaandsurroundtheadhesivematerial,whichbrokeintopiecesat8weeks.Completedegradationanddisappearanceoftheadhesivematerialispresentbetween10and12weeks.Nobarriereffecthamperingfracturehealingisnoted.

简介：Jep积分为描绘有弹性塑料的材料的破裂行为被导出。Jep积分不同于米饭J积分因为工作的免费精力密度而非压力密度被采用定义精力动量张肌。Jep积分被证明不管增长粘性和变丑粘性是路径依赖者。Jep积分拥有清楚地清楚的物理意思：(1)在包围裂缝尖端的无穷地小的轮廓上评估的价值Jtipep代表裂缝尖端精力驱散；(2)当全球steadystate裂缝生长条件被接近时，沿着边界轮廓计算的Jfar-ssep的价值等于到裂缝尖端驱散和塑料地区的体积驱散的和。理论结果被模仿我击碎的模式验证问题。

简介：Themovementofwaterflowinunsaturatedfracturedrockwasinvestigatedwiththesandstonesamplethroughexperimentalresearchandnumericalsimulation.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatthearrivingtimeofwettingfrontisdelayedbythefracture,resultingintheincreaseofwatersaturationinthedomainontheupstreamsideofthefracture,whichwilllocallyenhancewaterflowthroughthematrix.Thenumericalsimulationwiththefinitevolumemethodcaptureseffectivelythesecharacteristics.Thecomparisonbetweensimulatedandobservedtraveltimeandarrivingtimeofwettingfrontshowsthattheirdifferenceareverysmallandthesimulatedresultsareinagreementwiththeobservedresults,whichimpliescalibratedparametersarereliableandeffective.Thenaccordingtothecalibratedparameters,fracturedmodelswereestablishedtoexaminehowthechangeoflargefracturedaperturewouldaffectthearrivingtimeofwettingfronts,pressureheadsandwatersaturationontheupstreamanddownstreamsidesoffracture.

简介：Crackopeningdisplacement(COD)wasappliedtocharacterizethefractureinitiationofthetoughhighdensitypolyethylene.Normalsinglesidenotchedthree-pointbendspecimensandsilicarubberreplicatechniqueswereusedtostudythecharacteristicCODofhigh-densitypolyethylenepipeanditsbutt-fusionjointsincludingtheweldfusionzoneandheataffectedzoneatdifferenttemperaturefrom-78℃to20℃.TestingresultsshowthatthecharacteristicCODappearstodependonthestructuralfeaturesthataredeterminedbyweldingprocessandthetestingtemperature.Asthetemperatureislowered,thecharacteristicCODofallzonesstudieddecreases.Becausetheweldingprocesssignificantlychangessomestructuralfeatureofthematerial,characteristicCODoftheweldfusionzoneisthesmallestoneamongthoseofthethreezones.TheresultscanbeusedfortheengineeringdesignandfailureanalysisofHDPEpipe.

简介：TheMayangCudeposit,westernHunanisamiddle-scalesandstone-typeCudepositpredominantofnativecopper.Fromanangleofgeologicalintegrativefield,fracturegeochemicalfeaturesarestudidedanddiscussedinthispaper.Infracturestructure,variantregularityandtheratiosofelementcouplesparticipatinginmetallogensisthattheirgeochemicalnaturesaresimilarorstronglycorrelative,revealchanginglawsofmetallogenictemperatureandpressurefieldsandmigratingdirectionofmetallogenicelements.Thetheoreticalstudytalliesmuchbetterwithproductivepractice.Theyaremeaningfultoconductprospectingandexployation.

简介：破裂和劈开实验的一个特征是他们通常是内在地破坏的。裂缝完全不在一个不着重的系统愈合，甚至在象云母那样的晶体。这里，我们使用了为非破坏性的劈开和易碎的破裂实验由磁性的脱衣组成的磁性的固体。在磁性的脱衣之间，有不同机械特征的材料能被插入，例如特氟隆重或泡沫脱衣，到变化固体的机械性质。为劈开实验，我们开发了象主要深奥力量那样的参数能容易被测量的一台仪器。由插入缺陷，磁性的固体能在动态破裂实验被使用，与肉眼可见地模仿以一个更容易的方法的一个非破坏性的实验的优点，与高得多的速度发生在真实材料。仪器和使用的磁性的固体可能为在班上的破裂的示范是有用的。

简介：TheflowthroughasinglefractureisnumericallystudiedbymeansoftheFluentSoftware.Theresultsshowthattheroughnessofthefracturesignificantlyaffectsthehydraulicconductivityinthefractureascomparedwiththecubiclawmodelwidelyusedtodescribetheflowbetweentwosmoothparallelplates.Anewmodelisproposedinthispaper,thenon-symmetricsinusoidalfracturemodel,tosimulatetheflowinarealfracture.Thismodelinvolvestwosinusoidal-varyingwallswithdifferentphasestoreplacetheflatplanesinthecubiclawmodel.Therelationshipsbetweentheeffectivehydraulicaperturesandthephaseretardationfordifferentrelativeamplitudesandwavelengthsarenumericallyinvestigated.Asimpleexpressionoftheeffectivehydraulicapertureofthefractureisobtained,togetherwiththelawoftheeffectivehydraulicapertureagainsttheamplitude,thephaseretardationandthewavelengthoftwosinusoidal-varyingwalls.

简介：ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｍａｔｃｈｉｎｇａｎｄｃｒａｃｋｄｅｐｔｈｏｎｔｈｅｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｆｏｒｗｅｌｄｅｄｊｏｉｎｔｓＴａｎｇＷｅｉａｎｄＳｈｉＹａｏｗｕ（Ｘｉ＇ａｎＪｉａｏｔｏｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ）Ａｂｓｔｒａ...

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简介：BackgroundPriorrandomizedtrialshaveshownreducedbleedingwithbivalirudincomparedwithunfractionatedheparin(UFH)inpatientsundergoingpercutaneouscoronaryintervention(PCI).However,itisnotknownifthisbenefitisalsopresentwhenUFHdosesaremoretightlycontrolled(asmeasuredbyactivatedclot-tingtime,ACT).MethodsandResultsPatientsenrolledintheEVENT(EvaluationofDrug-ElutingStentsandIschemicEvents)registry,weredividedinto3groups,basedontheantithromboticdrugusedduringPCI(UFHmonotherapy,UFH+glycoproteinIIb-IIIareceptorinhibitor[GPI],orbivalirudinalone).Propensityscorematchingwasusedtoadjustformeasuredcovariates(89variables)andtocomparebivalirudinversusUFHmonotherapyandbivalirudinversusUFH+GPIgroups.TheUFHgroupswerestratifiedbasedonACTachieved(optimalACTdefinedas250-300forUFHmonotherapyand200-250whenGPIwasalsoused).Theprimarybleedingoutcomewasin-hospitalcompositebleeding,definedaseventsofaccesssitebleeding,ThrombolysisInMyocardialInfarctionmajor/minorbleeding,ortransfusion.Primary(in-hospitaldeath/myocardialinfarction)andsecondaryischemicoutcomes(death/MI/unplannedrepeatrevascularizationat12months)werealsoevaluated.Propensityscorematchingyielded3022patientsfortheUFHmonotherapyversusbivalirudincomparisonand3520patientsfortheUFH+GPIversusbivalirudincomparison.BivalirudinusewasassociatedwithnumericallylowerbleedingratesatallcategoriesofachievedACTwhencomparedwithUFH(low,optimal,highACT:2.5%versus4.7%,1.9%versus6.0%,3.1%versus4.8%,respectively)orheparin+GPIgroups(low,optimal,highACT:0.0%versus2.7%,2.7%versus5.2%,2.4%versus6.1%,respectively)andwasnotassociatedwithanystatisticallysignificantincreaseineitherprimaryorsecondaryischemicoutcomes.ConclusionsAmongunselectedpatientsundergoingPCI,bivalirudinuseduringPCIwasassociatedwithalowerriskofbleedingatall

简介：AbstractImportance:Children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency (5α-RD) and hypospadias present with micropenis, which makes it difficult to obtain sufficient tissue for urethral reconstruction.Objective:We investigated the therapeutic effects of oral testosterone undecanoate and established a standard androgen treatment protocol for patients with 5α-RD with micropenis.Methods:Patients with 5α-RD were treated with oral testosterone undecanoate for 3 months as a course. All patients were treated with no more than 3 courses. If the penile length (PL) reached 2.5 cm (the minimum criterion for surgery) or greater than or equal to -2.5 standard deviations (SDs) (lower limit of normal), testosterone undecanoate was considered to be effective.Results:The median age of 90 patients with 5α-RD was 1.7 years (0.9, 3.1 years). The baseline PL was 1.9 ± 0.6 cm before treatment. At the end of the first course, the PL of 63 patients (70%) reached 2.5 cm, and 49 patients (54%) reached greater than or equal to -2.5 SDs. After two treatment courses, the PL of 81 patients (90%) reached 2.5 cm, and 90 patients (100%) reached greater than or equal to -2.5 SDs. After three courses, the PL of all patients reached 2.5 cm, and all patients reached a PL greater than or equal to -2.5 SDs. No abnormal increase was observed in height-SD score, weight-SD score, or ratio of bone age to chronological age during the 1-3-year follow-up.Interpretation:After 3-9 months of treatment, PL increased to the target length. No severe adverse reactions were observed during follow-up. Testosterone undecanoate was safe and effective in children with 5α-RD with micropenis.

简介：观察aerosolized组A的吸入的功效的目的链状球菌(气体)在在老鼠治疗orthotopic肺癌症的准备当模特儿并且为肺癌症估计这个管理模式的可行性，安全，和有效性。方法路易斯肺癌(LLC)房间紧张经由intrathoracic注射被管理建立orthotopic肺癌症老鼠模型。在忍受肿瘤的模型成功地被建立，由计算断层摄影术证实了以后，老鼠被吸入与aerosolized气体准备(煤气的组)或aerosolized正常管理盐(控制组)。aerosolized气体准备的反肿瘤效果组织学地被评估；同时，生活的幸存和质量在这二个组之间被比较。aerosolized气体准备显著地显示出的结果反肿瘤效果，在忍受肿瘤的老鼠引起orthotopic肺癌症房间的坏死。而且，在煤气的组的鼠标在控制组比那些有生活和更长的幸存的显著地更好的质量。aerosolized气体准备的吸入可以是肺癌症的一个可行、安全、有效的解决方案的结论。

简介：HepatitisBvaccine,asthefirsthigh-effectiverecombinantcommercialvaccine,wassuccessfullydevelopedintheearly1980s.Sincethen,differentopinionshaveoccurredonthequalityofvaccineswithrapiddevelopmentoftargetgeneselecting,antigenexpressionsystem,andqualityevaluation.DifferentantigensofhepatitisBvaccinesarederivedfromdifferentexpressionsystem,andtherearealsosomedifferencesonmanufactureprocedureorglycosylateddegreeofantigen.

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简介：AbstractObjective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of internal electronic fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring during labor.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study, which was an analysis of monitoring FHR with a fetal scalp electrode or a Doppler probe (94 pregnant women per group). In the internal monitoring group, when the opening of the uterine orifice was ≥3 cm, the fetal scalp electrode was placed after natural or artificial rupture of the membrane. FHR was simultaneously monitored using a Doppler probe. In the external monitoring group, continuous FHR monitoring was performed using an ultrasound Doppler transducer fixed on the maternal abdomen. The toco transducer was used to record uterine contractions. Pathological examination of the placenta was performed prospectively in 49 and 48 cases in the internal electronic FHR monitoring group and control group, respectively. Maternal-infant outcomes (e.g. fever, puerperal infection, puerperal morbidity, delivery mode, Apgar score, and scalp injury) were recorded. Umbilical artery blood was extracted for blood gas analysis. Differences between the two groups were compared using the paired t-test, χ2 test, Yates corrected χ2 test or Fisher exact test.Results:Non-statistically significant differences between the internal and external monitoring groups were observed in the incidence of neonatal acidosis (1/94 (1.06%) vs. 3/94 (3.19%), respectively; χ2= 0.255, P= 0.613), cesarean section/operative vaginal delivery (8/94 (8.51%) vs. 15/94 (15.96%), respectively; χ2 = 2.427, P= 0.181), fever during labor (18/94 (19.15%) vs. 15/94 (15.96%), respectively; χ2=0.331, P= 0.565), puerperal morbidity (2/94 (2.13%) vs. 3/94 (3.19%), respectively; χ2= 0.000, P= 1.000), chorioamnionitis (9/49 (18.37%) vs. 7/48(14.58%), respectively; χ2= 0.252, P= 0.616), and neonatal asphyxia (0/94 (0.00%) vs. 1/94 (1.06%), respectively; χ2= 0.000, P= 1.000). There were no puerperal infections, neonatal scalp injuries, or scalp abscesses found in either group. Using the internal monitoring value as reference, the incidence of FHR false deceleration in external FHR monitoring was 20.21% (19/94 women).Conclusion:Internal FHR monitoring during labor does not increase the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes. External monitoring was associated with FHR false decelerations.

简介：Trajectoriesofflyinghotparticleswerepredictedinthiswork,andthetemperaturesduringthemovementwerealsocalculated.Oncetheparticletemperaturedecreasedtothecriticaltemperatureforahotparticletoignitebuildinginsulationmaterials,whichwaspredictedbyhot-spotignitiontheory,thedistanceparticletraveledwasdeterminedastheminimumsafetydistanceforpreventingtheignitionofbuildinginsulationmaterialsbyhotparticles.Theresultsshowedthatforspherealuminumparticleswiththesameinitialvelocitiesanddiameters,thehorizontalandverticaldistancestraveledbyparticleswithhigherinitialtemperatureswerehigher.Smallerparticlestraveledfartherwhenotherconditionswerethesame.Thecriticaltemperatureforanaluminumparticletoigniterigidpolyurethanefoamincreasedrapidlywiththedecreaseofparticlediameter.Thehorizontalandverticalsafetydistanceswerecloselyrelatedtotheinitialtemperature,diameterandinitialvelocityofparticles.Theseresultscouldhelpupdatethesafetyprovisionoffireworkdisplay.

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