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简介：AbstractIn vitro maturation (IVM) has been used in clinical settings for 30 years. The merits of IVM include that it needs a relatively small amount of hormones and short treatment period. However, because the effectiveness of IVM is lower than that of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, there are few centers routinely use IVM, and it is only applicable to a few special populations. In this article, several oocyte sources related to IVM have been discussed and the effects of gonadotropin priming and triggering on IVM are described. Furthermore, we have reviewed the optimization of IVM culture conditions in recent years along with the effects of IVM on genes of oocytes and cumulus cells and the obstetric and neonatal outcomes. We aim to provide indications for future improvement of IVM technology so that the success rates of IVM technology in special populations can be improved. We hope that this mild and natural protocol can be applied to more populations, including individuals with normal ovulation.

简介：ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＳＯＬＵＢＩＬＩＴＹＯＦＡＰＡＴＩＴＥＣＥＲＡＭＩＥＳＩＮＶＩＴＲＯＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＳＯＬＵＢＩＬＩＴＹＯＦＡＰＡＴＩＴＥＣＥＲＡＭＩＥＳＩＮＶＩＴＲＯＬ．ＮｉｎｇＭ．Ｘｕｅ（ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＳｅｃｏｎｄＭｅｄｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ...

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简介：IntroductionAsoneofthemostfrequentlydiagnoseddevastatingdiseases,liverfailureisresponsibleforapproximatelytwomilliondeathsannuallyworldwidewithpoorprognosis1.Althoughlivertransplantationhasbeendevelopedforthemosteffectivetreatmentforliverfailure,itisfarfromdemandsforpatientsduetotheshortageofhigh-qualitydonorliversandexpensivetreatmentcosts.Currently,withthedevelopmentofcelltherapy,celltransplantationsincludingprimaryhumanhepatocytes(PHHs),humanhepatocyte-likecells(HLCs)andliverorganoidsareemergingasgreatpotentialtoolstoalleviatethisgrowingburden.

简介：Objective:Toclone,sequenceandexpresstheprimateβ-chemokineRANTESgenes,hRANTESfromH.sapiensandmRANTESfromM.Mulatta,inordertoexplorethepossibilityofAIDSgenetherapy.Methods:hRANTESandmRANTESwereamplifiedbyreversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)fromRNAsextractedfromphytoagglutinin(PHA)-activatedperipheralbloodlymphocytes,hRANTESwascloned,sequencedandexpressedinvitro,andmRANTESwasdirectlysequencedforhomologycomparison.Results:Anexpected276bpfragmentwasobtainedinbothamplifications,andsequencedatademonstratedarelativelyhighhomologyamongdifferentcopiesofhRANTES(97%),andhRANTESwasupto95.6%homologoustomRANTES.WhencomparedwithRANTESfromothermammals,hRANTESgaverisetoahomologyrangingfrom77%to86%.TheclonedhRANTESwasexpressedinvitroandapositivesignalofRANTESwasdetectedbydotblotting.Conclusion:Thefull-lengthofhRANTESsequencewassubmittedtoGenBankandhadbeenreleased.OurmRANTESsequenceisfirstreportedandnotyetappearedinGenBank.ThesuccessfulcloningandexpressionofhRANTESwillprovideabasisforAIDSgenetherapyinthefuture.

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简介：ThepurposeofthisinvestigationistodemonstratewhethertriptolidecaninhibitTNF-αselectivelyandtostudythemechanism.TheabilityoftriptolidetoinhibittheproductionofTNF-αandIFN-γstimulatedbylipopolysaccharide(LPS)andphytohemagglutinin(PHA)onperipheralbloodmononuclearcell(PBMC)fromhealthydonorswasmeasuredbyELISAassays.TheimmunologicalmechanismofactionoftriptolideonTNF-αwasinvestigatedbypre-treatmentwithtriptolideofPBMCandmonecytesfollowedbyanalysiswithFlowCytometry(FCM).TheinhibitionofTNF-αandIFN-γbytriptol-ideoccurredinadosedependentmannerandtheIC50wasequalto5-10ng/mlforTNF-aand0.1-1ng/mlforIFN-γ.TheconcentrationsofTNF-αmeasuredafterthedifferentpre-treatmentswithtriptolideonPBMCandmonecytesareconsistentwithitseffectsonapopulationofCD14^+/TNF-αmonecytesshownonFCM.Thetwomethodsofpre-treatmentswithtriptolidemaysuggestdifferentclinicalsignificances,ImmunophenotypinganalysiswithFCMrevealedthattriptolidemaycompetewithLPSforbindingtotheCD14receptor.Thestudyprovidesbasicevidencethattriptolidemaybeusedasananti-inflam-matoryreagentfortreatmentofleprosyreactions.

简介：Hybridbraidsofpolyglycolide(PGA)andchitosanwerepreparedbythethree-yarnbraidingmethodfromPGAandchitosanfiberbundles.Thesebraidswereinvitrodegradedbyincubatingtheminphosphatebufferedsaline(PBS)atpH7.4and37℃for5weeks.ResultssuggestedthatPGA/chitosanhybridbraidsdegradedsignificantly.ScanningelectronmicrographsshowedthatchitosanfibersinthePGA/chitosanhybridbraidwithabout750%PGAinweight(PGA75/chitosan)wereshapedintogel-likeafter5weeks,butthoseinthehybridbraidwithabout250%PGAinweight(PGA25/chitosan)didnotchange.After5weeks,theultimatetensileloadsofPGAandPGA75/chitosanbraidslostalmostcompletely,butthoseofchitosanandPGA25/chitosanbraidsremainedaround14N.ThePGA/chitosanhybridbraidswithhigherinitialultimatetensileloadwouldhavepotentialapplicationsintendon/ligamenttissuereconstruction.

简介：Micropropagationmostlyleadstotheproductionofinnumerabletrue-to-typeplants.However,establishingpathogen-freeexplantsthroughinvitroculturerequiresaprecisemanagementoftimefortheexposureofexplantstoantimicrobialchemicals.Theapplicationofantimicrobialchemicalsmustalsobemanagedtoimposetheleastinjuryonexplants.Thisreviewdiscussesthecontributionsofmicropropagationprocedures,explanttypes,subcultureduration,mediaingredientsandplantgrowthregulatorstotheinvitroresponseofconiferexplants.Eventhoughregenerationfrommatureconiferexplantssuchasmatureshootsarelaborious,thechancesofvariation,inducedinvitro,areunlikely.

简介：全部的联合代替是为有停用关节炎和联合机能障碍的病人的治疗的一个高度成功的外科的过程。随着时间的过去，与活动的高水平和关节的用法，然而植入穿粒子从明白表示的表面被产生。这些穿粒子能在implant(periprostheticosteolysis)附近导致煽动性的反应，和随后的骨头再吞的激活。单核白血球/巨噬细胞系的房间安排这长期的煽动性的回答，它被支持inflammatory(M1)统治巨噬细胞显型而非一反煽动性的支持织物的愈合(M2)巨噬细胞显型。当它被显示出时，那interleukin-4(IL-4)有选择地极化向支持骨头愈合的M2反煽动性的显型的巨噬细胞，而非发炎，很少对这在通过IL-4的极化在哪个是很有效的在发生或调节的时间功课被知道。这个工作的目标是与polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)的联合响应挑战学习鼠科的巨噬细胞极化和cytokine版本的时间功课粒子，lipopolysaccharide(LPS)和在vitro的IL-4。有IL-4的质问粒子的单核白血球/巨噬细胞的处理导致了支持inflammatorycytokines和可诱导的氮的氧化物synthase(iNOS)的起始的抑制生产和随后的极化进M2反煽动性的显型。当IL-4在PMMA粒子挑战前被交付时，这结果被优化，到M1显型而非到未遂(M0)巨噬细胞。这极化的效果在一堂5天的时间功课上被支撑。进M2显型的M1巨噬细胞的极化可以是策略减轻穿粒子联系periprostheticosteolysis。

简介：ObjectivesToinvestigatetheprotectiveeffectofthrombopoietin(TPO)onmyocardialcellsinvitro.MethodsH9C2celllinewasmaintainedinIscove’smodifiedDulbecco’smedium(IMDM)supplementedwith10%calfserum.Beatingcellsfromheartventriclesofneonatalheartwereculturedataninvitrosystem.Apoptosisofthecelllineabovewasinducedbytreatmentofdoxorubicin(DOX)andwasblockedbyTPO.CellsurvivalrateofH9C2cellwasmeasuredbytheMTTassay.Changesofbeatingrateofneonatalmyocardialcellswerecapturedbydigitalcameraandbeatingratewascalculated.Flowcytometrywasemployedtostudyanti-apoptoticeffectofTPObystainingJC-1proteintoH9C2cell.ResultsMTTassaydemonstratedthatdoxorubicinreducedcellsurvivalrateby73.8%±1.1%,50ng·mL-1and100ng·mL-1TPOincreasedcellsurvivalrateby84.6%±3.6%(P<0.05),86%±4%(P<0.01)atadose-dependentmanner.Beatingrateofprimaryneonatalmyocardialcellsalsodecreasedto15%±8%at48h,100ng·mL-1TPOimprovedbeatingrateto48%±11%(P<0.01).TPOdecreasedapoptoticratefrom19%±9%to11%±6%(P<0.05).ConclusionsTPOhasprotectiveeffectonmyocardialcellsinvitro.Anti-apoptosisisoneofthemechanismsbywhichTPOprotectsinjuredheart.

简介：Alpiniapurpurata的目的Ethylacetate摘录在vitro抗氧化剂和anticancer活动为它的潜力被评估。抗氧化剂活动被1评估的方法，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)免费激进的清除方法，氢氧根基活动，superoxide基清除活动，氮的氧化物基清除活动，氢过氧化物基清除活动和减少的力量活动。OAW42房间的生存能力被MTT试金评估。结果A。purpurata与一种集中依赖者方式展出了潜在的抗氧化剂活动。摘录与130.20g的IC50在第48小时显示出潜在的anticancer活动?潴??祥獥吗？

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简介：PreviousstudieshaveshownthatoligodeoxynucleotidescontainingunmethylatedCpGmotifswereusedasadjuvantsforimmunoregulationandimmuneresponse.ThisstudywastoexploretheactivationeffectsofBifidobacteriaDNAcontainingunmethylatedCpGmotifs(CpGDNA)onmurinemacrophageJ774A.1cells.ThegenomicDNAofBifidobacteriawasextractedandpurified,andthemethylationdegreeofCpGmotifswastested.Thephagocyticabilityofthemacrophageswasdetectedbyflowcytometry.Thecytokines(IL-1β,IL-6,IL-12p40andTNF-α)levelsintheculturesupernatantsofBifidobacteriaDNAtreatedJ774A.1cellswereassayedbyELISA.Thecontentofnitricoxide(NO)wasdetectedbyGriessreagent.AftertreatedwithBifidobacteriaDNAfor24h,NileRedstainincreasedinJ774A.1macrophage,whichsuggestedthatthelipidmetabolismincreasedinthemacrophages.ThephagocyticabilityandlevelsofNOandcytokinesofIL-1β,IL-6,IL-12p40andTNF-αweresignificantlyhigherthanPBSgroupandCTDNAgroup.TheresultsindicatedthatBifidobacteriaDNAcouldactivatemurinemacrophagesJ774A.1,whichcouldprovidescientificbasisfortheresearchandapplicationofmicroorganismDNApreparation.

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简介：从名古屋，东京和哈密尔顿的研究人员的一个队为学习neuroimmune相互作用，共焦的激光荧光显微镜学几年以前扫描开发了一种唯一的技术。它依靠由创造粘合剂环境用指导免疫者和神经房间相互作用一在里面vitrococulture盘子。与他们的技术，他们能学习神经房间怎么与有免疫力的房间(桅杆房间和T淋巴细胞)并且反过来也如此交流的机制的细节。他们证明那神经桅杆房间通讯能当一个中间人transducing房间不在时发生，经由NK-1受体操作并且neuropeptide物质P，是这通讯的一个可溶的因素。最近，另外，他们证明被免除激活的桅杆细胞的ATP调停了神经细胞的激活。进一步与他们的技术，名古屋的组能学习神经桅杆的分子的机制的细节房间相互作用。N-cadherin和CADM1(房间粘附分子1)看起来调停附件并且主要支持了在桅杆房间和神经之间的通讯。它将基于象神经原的发炎，肠的肠疾病，气喘，和自体免疫的混乱那样的neuroimmune相互作用为疾病导致新治疗学的形式。

简介：Progressinthefieldofassistedreproduction,andparticularlymicromanipulation,nowheraldsanewerainthemanagementofseveremalefactorinfertility,notamenabletomedicalorsurgicalcorrection.Byovercomingnaturalbarrierstoconception,invitrofertilizationandembryotransfer(IVF-ET),subzonal

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