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简介：

简介：一枚戒指在下面满足常规力量替换的必要、足够的条件被调查。如果并且仅当在R的a≂b在那里暗示那，戒指R满足常规力量替换，这被显示出存在n∈ℕ并且U∈GLn(R)以便aU=Ub如果并且仅当为任何常规x∈在那里的R存在m，n∈ℕ并且U∈GLn(R)以便xm我n=xmUxa≂b在那里意味着那的m,存在x，y，z∈R以便=ybx，b=xaz和x=xyx=xzx。每枚直接有限的简单戒指满足常规力量替换，这被证明。为稳定地自由的R模块的一些应用也被获得。

简介：Substitutionisoneofthemajorcohesivedevices.BothEnglishandChineseusesubstitution.Butduetothedifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages,thetranslationmethodsadoptedshouldvaryaccordingtothesituation.ThisthesisaimstoexplorethedifferentstrategiesthatcanbeusedinthetranslationofsubstitutionfromEnglishtoChineseindifferentcases.Acontrastivestudybetweenthetwolanguagesiscrucialinthisprocess.

简介：自从第二十个世纪的最后十年起，无线电信比固定电信以快速的步发展了。这篇文章分析无线活动电信由采用替换和经济计量学模型的正常理论用代替固定电信的效果。分析结果与现实一致，并且在无线、修理的电信工业之间的关系从是补足的在的状态变化了，这被观察了早持续第二十个世纪的十年到目前被代替的。而且，特别在无线区域的电信技术的提高的进步充实顾客“以从而改变他们的通讯风格的多媒体内容要求，它显著地支持无线活动通讯的快速的生长并且加强代用品的效果。

简介：不同变化(替换)与微妙的还重要的差别当模特儿的为估计在编码蛋白质的序列之中的率采用的同义、非同义的替换的方法，它导致进化信息的不同估计。自从在指向的数据集以内的顺序变化的数量总是是无法预言的，很少注意都没为获得可靠估计被奉献给方法的比较。到我们的知识，几乎没有在关于这些不同方法的评估的文学可得到的很少信息。在这研究，我们比较了六个广泛地使用的方法并且用模仿的序列向结果提供了评估。结果显示那合并顺序特征(例如transition/transversion，偏爱和nucleotide/codon频率偏导)进方法能产出更好的性能。我们建议结论与有关或源于Ka，K分析不应该乐意地从一个方法仅仅根据结果被拉。

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简介：Anewquantitativeconceptisintroducedinthispaper,whichmaybeusedtofacilitatethemeasurementofthecontrollabilityofasubspace～subspacecontrollabilitydegree.Thentheconcreteformofthesubspacecontrollabilitydegreeofaflexiblestructureisderived,andtheerrorsofsubspacecontrollabilitydegreeanddynamicalresponsecausedbythesubstitutionofarepeatedmodesubspaceforacloselyspacedmodesubspacearediscussed.Alltheresultsshowthatthissubstitutionisrationalundersomeconditions.

简介：Cu-andCo-substitutedNiZnferritethinfilms,Ni0.4-xZn0.6CuxFe2O4andNi0.5Zn0.5CoxFe2-xO4(0≤x≤0.2),aresynthesizedbysol-gelprocess.ThecrystallographicandmagneticpropertiesofCu-andCo-substitutedNiZnferritethinfilmshavebeeninvestigated.ThelatticeparameterdecreaseswithCusubstitutionandincreaseswithCosubstitution.ThesaturationmagnetizationdecreasesandthecoercivityincreaseswiththeincreaseofCusubstitution.Moreover,thesaturationmagnetizationgraduallyincreaseswiththeincreaseofCosubstitutionwhenx≤0.10,butdecreaseswhenx>0.10.Meanwhile,thecoercivityinitiallydecreaseswiththeincreaseofCosubstitutionwhenx≤0.10,butincreaseswhenx>0.10.

简介：Theratioofnonsynonymoussubstitutionrate(Ka)tosynonymoussubstitutionrate(Ks)iswidelyusedasanindicatorofselectivepressureatsequencelevelamongdifferentspecies,anddiversemutationmodelshavebeenincorporatedintoseveralcomputingmethods.Wehavepreviouslydevelopedanewγ-MYNmethodbycapturingakeydynamicevolutiontraitofDNAnucleotidesequences,inconsiderationofvaryingmutationratesacrosssites.WenowreportafurtherimprovementofNG,LWL,MLWL,LPB,MLPB,andYNmethodsbasedonanintroductionofgammadistributiontoillustratethevariationofrawmutationrateoversites.Thenoveltycomesintwoways:(1)weincorporateanoptimalgammadistributionshapeparameteraintoγ-NG,γ-LWL,γ-MLWL,γ-LPB,γ-MLPB,andγ-YNmethods;(2)weinvestigatehowvariablesubstitutionratesaffectthemethodsthatadoptdifferentmodelsaswellastheinterplayamongfourevolutionalfeatureswithrespecttoKa/Kscomputations.Ourresultssuggestthatvariablesubstitutionratesoversitesundernegativeselectionexhibitanoppositeeffectonωestimatescomparedwiththoseunderpositiveselection.WebelievethatthesensitivityofournewmethodshasbeenimprovedthanthatoftheiroriginalmethodsunderdiverseconditionsanditisadvantageoustointroducenovelparametersforKa/Kscomputation.

简介：这篇论文为解决大规模学习一个替换secant/finite差别(SSFD)方法稀少的非强迫的优化问题。这个方法是一个正割方法和一个有限差别方法的联合，它取决于麻袋布矩阵的更低的三角形的部分的列的一个一致分区。q-superlinear集中结果和anr集中率估计证明这个方法有好本地集中性质。这个方法可能与一些是竞争的Thenumerical结果表演当前使用了算法。

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简介：Amagneticandtemperaturefield-coupledmathematicalmodelisproposedtocalculatetheinductionheatingprocessofadiscardsubstitutionblockforbillethotextrusionprocess.Themathematicalmodelisvalidatedbycomparingsimulationresultswithtemperaturemeasurementsrecordedduringphysicalmodeling.Basedonsystematicalanalysisofcalculationresults,aquantitativesawtoothinductionpowercurvewasproposedtorealizetheaimofachievingthebestdistributedtemperaturefieldintheblockwithintheshortestinductiontime.

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简介：微卫星标记484/485和484/W2R被用来在米饭细菌原生质在Wx地点识别复等位基因。十五等位基因被使用微卫星班和G-T多型性在278accessions识别。在这些等位基因之中，(CT)_(12)-G,(CT)_(15)-G,(CT)_(16)-G,(CT)_(17)-G,(CT)_(18)-G并且(CT)_(21)-G没被报导。在Wx地点带不同等位基因的72根单个片断的替换线(SSSL)被使用Huajingxian74与开发(CT)是的_(11)-G等位基因作为施主在Wx地点包含12不同等位基因的一个接受者和20就职。代替的片断的估计的长度与17.4厘米的一般水准从2.2～77.3厘米。

简介：TheanalyticalexpressionsofthevariousstructuralunitsandtheaveragedegreeofbranchingforthehyperbranchedpolymersresultedfromAB_2polycondensationwithsubstitutioneffectwerederivedbythekineticmechanism.ThereactivitydifferencebetweentheBgroupinlinearunitandthatinterminalgrouphasgreateffectonthemolecularparametersoftheproductsobtained.TheconcentrationofterminalunitshasamaximumwiththeincreaseoftheconversionofAgroups(x).Thehigherthereactivityratio(r)oflinearBgrouptobranchedoneis,thelaterthemaximumappearsandthelargeritis.Thedegreeofbranchingofthehyperbranchedpolymersobtainediscontrollablebyadjustingtheparametersofrandx,whichincreaseswithincreasingbothxandr.

简介：IntroductionTheelectrochemicalreductionofO2wasinvestigatedwidelyduringthepasttwodecades.O2-canreactwithvariousorganiccompounds.O2-asanewsynthesisreagenthasbeenbeingexplored.

简介：电子结构和硫在钾dihydrogen磷酸盐(KDP)代替的黄磷的几何分发被第一原则的计算调查。点缺点在精力差距下面变窄到大约4.9eV，相应于在修正以后的355nm的二光子的吸收。这能在KDP晶体解释激光损坏抵抗的减少。而且，缺点扭曲水晶结构并且削弱契约，特别O-H契约，这些契约可以因此是第一个地点在激光照耀下面裂开。[从作者抽象]

简介：TheeffectofMnsubstitutiononphasestructure,hydrogenhydriding/dehydridingproperties(plateaupressureandslope)andreactionheatenthalpyofLaNi4.25-xAl0.75Mnxalloys(x=0,0.25,0.35,0.45,0.55and0.65)werestudied.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatallLaNi4.25-xAl0.75MnxalloyshavesinglephaseandhavethesamehexagonalstructureasthatofLaNi5alloy(CaCu5type,P6/mmm).WithincreasingMnsubstitutioncontent,thecellparametersofLaNi4.25-xAl0.75Mnxalloygreatlyincrease,butthemaximumhydrogenstoragecapacityandtheequilibriumabsorptionpressureofLaNi4.25-xAl0.75Mnxalloydecreasefrom1.38wt.%to1.18wt.%andfrom1.61to0.0712MPa,respectively.Moreover,thehydrogenpressureplateauslopefactorσincreasesfrom0.014to0.18,butthehysteresisfactorisnearlyconstant.Theheatenthalpyabsolutevalue|ΔHplat|increasesfrom46.7kJ·mol-1H2to56.1kJ·mol-1H2astheMncontentxincreasesfrom0to0.65.