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简介：AbstractThe complement system plays a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, which usually injures the kidney. More and more studies have shown the pathogenic role and indicated that abnormal activation of the complement system was highly involved in the outbreak of autoimmune diseases. This review mainly introduced recent studies of complement system activation contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides, and so on. Understanding the pathogenic roles of complement activation in various autoimmune diseases will identify potential novel therapeutic targets on complement systems.

简介：AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of CVDs and critical regulatory factors is of great significance for promoting heart repair, reversing cardiac remodeling, and reducing adverse cardiovascular events. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the function of protein kinases and their interactions with other regulatory proteins in myocardial biology. Protein kinases are positioned as critical regulators at the intersection of multiple signals and coordinate nearly every aspect of myocardial responses, regulating contractility, metabolism, transcription, and cellular death. Equally, reconstructing the disrupted protein kinases regulatory network will help reverse pathological progress and stimulate cardiac repair. This review summarizes recent researches concerning the function of protein kinases in CVDs, discusses their promising clinical applications, and explores potential targets for future treatments.

简介：Thearticlediscussestherelationshipbetweenepidemicsandinternationalsecurity.Itanalyzeshowhumaneconomicbehaviorshavebrokentheequilibriumofco-evolution,andexaminesthepossibledangerousimpactsofthisuponhumansociety.Finally,mechanismsofcooperationagainstpandemicsatthegovernmentalandgrassrootslevelarelisted.Theauthorsarguethatonlybyrevisingourconceptionofdevelopmentandestablishinganintegratedunderstandingofglobalprogresscanweachieveinternationalcooperationagainstepidemics.

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简介：Background:Depressiondisordercoexistsinchronicdiseaseswithsomaticdiseasesandhashighmorbidity,disabilityandmortality.Currentresearcheshaveconfirmedthatdepressionmaybecausedbycoronaryheartdisease,hypertensionandheartfailure.Meanwhile,cardiovasculardiseasesmaycauseorworsendepression,leadingtoprolongedhospitalizationandcomplications.

简介：SincePresidentObamaannouncedthePrecisionMedicineInitiativeintheUnitedStates,moreandmoreattentionhasbeenpaidtoprecisionmedicine.However,clinicianshavealreadyusedittotreatconditionssuchascancer.Manycardiovasculardiseaseshaveafamilialpresentation,andgeneticvariantsareassociatedwiththeprevention,diagnosis,andtreatmentofcardiovasculardiseases,whicharethebasisforprovidingprecisecaretopatientswithcardiovasculardiseases.Large-scalecohortsandmultiomicsarecriticalcomponentsofprecisionmedicine.Herewesummarizetheapplicationofprecisionmedicinetocardiovasculardiseasesbasedoncohortandomicstudies,andhopetoelicitdiscussionaboutfuturehealthcare.

简介：Theprimarysymptomsofrespiratorydisordersarebreathlessness,chestpainandcough,whichmaybeassociatedwithsputumproduction.However,disordersofthelungscanproducedistantsymptoms(e.g.non-metastaticmanifestationsoflungcancer),andnon-respiratoryconditionssuchasanaemiaandmetabolicacidosscancauseberathlessness.Adequateassessmentofanypatientrequiresafullclinicalhistoryandexamination.Thiscontributionconsidersaspectsdirectlyrelevanttotherespiratorysystem.

简介：AbstractPrions are unconventional infectious agents that cause lethal transmissible neurodegenerative diseases in human and animals. Prions can be distinguished from other known pathogens by their lack of nucleic acids. The most essential process for prion propagation is conversion from normal cellular prion protein on the cell membrane to insoluble, limited protease digestion-resistant, pathogenic scrapie prion protein. For dozens of years, many pharmacological tools and interventions targeting different stages of disease progression have been developed and evaluated, and a few have been entered clinical trials. However, no approved prophylactic or therapeutic drugs for prion diseases are available. In this review, we summarize the current concepts in prion research and discuss advances in the research and development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of prion disease.

简介：因为他们的能力，B房间通常被认为是有免疫力的反应的积极管理者生产抗体，包括自身抗体。因为B房间用作介绍抗原的房间并且在有免疫力的回答施加另外的调节功能，抗体的生产便于最佳的CD4+T房间激活。然而，某些B房间能否定地也由生产规章的cytokines并且直接经由cell-to-cell接触与病原的T房间交往调整有免疫力的反应。B房间的这些类型被定义为规章的B(Breg)房间。Breg房间的规章的函数在发炎的鼠标模型被表明了，癌症，移植，并且特别地在autoimmunity。在这评论，我们集中于在人的自体免疫的疾病导致发展的理解和Breg房间的功能和B房间的含意的最近的进展。

简介：肝疾病包含许多肝条件，包括肝失败，肝肝硬化和尖锐、长期的肝炎的一个系列，例如酒鬼，丰满，药，病毒、长期的肝炎。肝损害是在肝疾病的一个主要原因的因素；通常，这些因素包括直接的肝损坏和调停免疫者的肝损害。Neutrophils(也作为neutrophilicgranulocytes或polymorphonuclear白血球(PMN)知道)是在人的最丰富的传播的白血房间类型，并且PMN是一个主要天生的有免疫力的房间子集。到微脉管系统的neutrophils的不恰当的激活和homing贡献肝疾病的许多类型的病理学的表明。这评论总结基于临床的电流和动物模型研究的嗜中性调停肝损害的新奇概念。

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简介：AbstractIntestinal homeostasis depends on complex interactions between the gut microbiota and host immune system. Emerging evidence indicates that the intestinal microbiota is a key player in autoimmune liver disease (AILD). Autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis have been linked to gut dysbiosis. Diverse mechanisms contribute to disturbances in intestinal homeostasis in AILD. Bacterial translocation and molecular mimicry can lead to hepatic inflammation and immune activation. Additionally, the gut and liver are continuously exposed to microbial metabolic products, mediating variable effects on liver immune pathologies. Importantly, microbiota-specific or associated immune responses, either hepatic or systemic, are abnormal in AILD. Comprehensive knowledge about host-microbiota interactions, included but not limited to this review, facilitates novel clinical practice from a microbiome-based perspective. However, many challenges and controversies remain in the microbiota field of AILD, and there is an urgent need for future investigations.

简介：AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are anuclear particles composed of lipid bilayers that contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and organelles. EVs act as an important mediator of cell-to-cell communication by transmitting biological signals or components, including lipids, proteins, messenger RNAs, DNA, microRNAs, organelles, etc, to nearby or distant target cells to activate and regulate the function and phenotype of target cells. Under physiological conditions, EVs play an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of the pulmonary milieu but they can also be involved in promoting the pathogenesis and progression of various respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and pulmonary artery hypertension. In addition, in multiple preclinical studies, EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (EVs) have shown promising therapeutic effects on reducing and repairing lung injuries. Furthermore, in recent years, researchers have explored different methods for modifying EVs or enhancing EVs-mediated drug delivery to produce more targeted and beneficial effects. This article will review the characteristics and biogenesis of EVs and their role in lung homeostasis and various acute and chronic lung diseases and the potential therapeutic application of EVs in the field of clinical medicine.

简介：ThewealthofDNAdatageneratedbythehumangenomeprojectcouplingwithrecentlyinventedhigh-throughputgeneexpressionprofilingtechniqueshasdramaticallyspeduptheprocessforbiomedicalresearchersonelucidatingtheroleofgenesinhumandiseases.Onepowerfulmethodtorevealinsightintogenefunctionsisthesystematicanalysisofgeneexpression.Twopopularhigh-throughputgeneexpressiontechnologies,microarrayandSerialAnalysisofGeneExpression(SAGE)arecapableofproducinglargeamountsofgeneexpressiondatawiththepotentialofprovidingnovelinsightsintofundamentaldiseaseprocesses,especiallycomplexsyndromessuchascardiovasculardisease,whoseetiologiesareduetomultiplegeneticfactorsandtheirinterplaywiththeenvironment.MicroarrayandSAGEhavealreadybeenusedtoexaminegeneexpressionpatternsofcell-culture,animalandhumantissuesmodelsofcardiovasculardiseases.Inthisreview,wewillfirstgiveabriefintroductionofmicroarrayandSAGEtechnologiesandpointouttheirlimitations.Wewillthendiscussthemajordiscoveriesandthenewbiologicalinsightsthathaveemergedfromtheirapplicationstocardiovasculardiseases.Finallywewilltouchuponpotentialchallengesandfuturedevelopmentsinthisarea.

简介：Airwaydiseasesarethemostcommonlydescribedlungmanifestationsofinflammatoryboweldisease(IBD).However,thesimilaritiesindiseasepathogenesisandthesharingofimportantenvironmentalriskfactorsandgeneticsusceptibilitysuggestthatthereisacomplexinterplaybetweenIBDandairwaydiseases.RecentevidenceofIBDoccurrenceamongpatientswithairwaydiseasesandthehigherthanestimatedprevalenceofsubclinicalairwayinjuriesamongIBDpatientssupportthehypothesisofatwo-wayassociation.Futureresearcheffortsshouldbedirectedtowardfurtherexplorationofthisassociation,asairwaydiseasesarehighlyprevalentconditionswithasubstantialpublichealthimpact.

简介：1SpermatorrheaApatient,16yearsold,sufferedfromsper-matorrheaforoveroneyear.Atthebeginning,ithappenedonceseveraldays,andrecentlyithappenedonceeveryotherdayoreverynight,accompaniedbyawitheredcomplexion,sorenessandweaknessinthelowerbackandlegs,poorsleep,poormemory,aredtonguetipwiththintonguecoating,andathreadyand

简介：It'soneoftheearliestmedicaltechniquestorelievepain,restorehealthandenjoycomfortwithmanipulations.Knowledgeonspinalneckpain,shoulderpain,lowbackpainandlegpaincanbetracedbacktotheearlystageofhumanevolutionanduprightpositionoftwolegs.ThereforethehistoryoftreatingspinaldiseaseswithTuinaormanipulationsprobablykeepsthesamepacewithcivilization.