简介:Duetothecloserelationshipbetweenregionalclimateanomaliesandsocial-economyandsocietydevelopment,climatologistsworldwidepaidgreatattentiontotheregionalclimateanomaliesoveralongperiodoftimeandthecorrespondinginvestigationofregionalclimatemodelinghasmadegreatprogresses.Since1990theregionalclimatesimulationshavemadeamoresubstantialachievement.Thispaperwillfocusonthereliabilityanduncertaintiesofregionalclimatemodelingbyglobalclimatemodels,theadvancesonregionalclimatemodelingintheworldandtheoutlookofregionalclimatemodeling.
简介:TheMiddleEasthasbeenahotspotininternationalpoliticssincethemid-20thcenturyowingtoitsspecialgeostrategicpositionanditsabundantresourcesofoilandnaturalgas.Thesecontributeshavemadeitanareaofcontentionforanystatewithaglobaloverview.DuringtheColdWar,thesharpdifferencesbetweentwosuperpowers,theU.S.andtheSovietUnion,couldhavebroughtthesituationtothebrinkofathirdworldwar.AftertheColdWar,theU.S.becamethedominantpowerintheMiddleEast.TheU.S.containedtherecalcitrantregimeofSaddamHusseininIraqandanIranengagedinIslamicrevolution.Italsolaunchedandpropelled,thoughinvain,theMiddleEastpeaceprocess.After9.11,underthebannerofantiterrorism,theU.SwagedapreemptivewaragainstIraq,overthrewtheSaddamregime,andimplementedintheMiddleEastastrategyof'democratictransformation'.Fromthatpoint,theMiddleEastenteredaneraofconfusion.
简介:Thestrategiclegacyof9/11willoutlivetheKoreanandVietnamWarsandthetwoGulfWarsbecausetheytriggeredonlyquantitativeratherthanqualitativetransformationsintheinternationalstrategiclandscape.The9/11disastersparkedtheAfghanandIraqWarsandtheglobal'waronterror,'whichasyethavenoendinsight.Ithasalreadyledtoaqualitativeoverhaulintheworldstrategicorder,affectingtheinternationalpowerbalanceandperspectivesoninternationalrelationssomuchthateventheunfoldingupheavalinWestAsiaandtheNorthAfricaknownastheArabSpringseemsminorby
简介:Urbangreening,urbanforestryandurbangreenstructureplanningalllookatacityasaunitandintendtoimprovethestatusofgreenspaceinthecity.Eventhoughtheyarenewterms,theirconceptshaveevolvedoveraratherlongperiod.Thispaperpresentsahistoricalreviewofwesternconceptsforurbangreeningsincethe1850s.Thefirstaimistoestablishanoverviewofhowtheurbangreeningconcepthasdevelopedandwhattherelationshipsarebetweenthehistoricalconceptsandurbangreening,urbanforestryandurbangreenstructureplanningtoday.Thesecondarypurposeistounderstandsomekeyissuesforurbangreeningthroughtheexaminationofhistoricalprecedents.Basedonaliteraturereview,thepaperpresentsseveralhistoricalconceptsforurbangreening-rampartareaplanning,parksystem,greenbelts,greenwedgesandgreenways.Thenewconceptofurbangreenstructureisalsointroduced.Eachconceptisdefined.Thesocialbackgroundandtheinfluenceoncitydevelopmentaredescribed.Thereviewshowsthattheconceptofurbangreeninghasalonghistory,parallelwiththedevelopmentofthecityplanningconcepts.Thescopeofurbangreeninghasbecomelargeroverthepastyears.Thefunctionsofurbangreenspacehavechangedfromsingle-purposetomulti-purpose.Thestudyindicatesthathistoricalconceptsmaystillgiveinspirationintoday'surbangreeningprocess.
简介:Affectedbyeconomyrecessionstartedsince2008,globalconsumptionbecameweak.Chineserareearthindustry,whichhashighdependenceontheconsumptionfromoutsideChina,experiencedatoughperiodoftimeledbyanabruptdecreaseindemand.Pricesofrareearthproductsdroppedrapidlyandsignificantlyandfluctuatedatalowlevelnearthecostlinepersistently.Themarketwasverygrimin2009.Atthebeginningof2009,Chinesegovernmentsetdowntenindustryrevitalizationanddevelopmentpro-
简介:Generally,inregardofproduction,lanthanumandceriumaccountfor70.57%,neodymiumandpraseodymium,necessaryforNdFeBindustry,20.08%,terbiumanddysprosium0.82%,yttriumoxide4.59%andotherproducts3.94%.Intermsoflightrareearthandheavyrareearth,proportionoflightrareearthincludinglanthanum,cerium,praseodymium,neodymium,samarium,europiumandgadoliniumrepresents93.72%,andheavyrareearthincludingterbium,dysprosium,holmium,thulium,erbium,ytterbiumlutetiumandyttrium6.28%.