简介：反应的氧种类(ROS)的过多的数量引起氧化应力的一个状态，它导致精子膜类脂化合物peroxidation，DNA损坏和apoptosis，导致减少的精子生存能力和活动性。ROS的提高的层次是自发的男因素不孕的一个主要原因，它是今天的一个逐渐地普通的问题。Lycopene，所有类胡萝卜素的大多数有势力汗衫氧quencher，因为它的抗氧化剂性质，是为男不孕的一种可能的处理选择。由反应与并且抵销自由激进分子，lycopene能减少氧化应力的发生并且这样，减少将不那样被施加在精子身上的损坏。lycopene可以在睾丸经由nonoxidative机制有另外的有益的效果，这被要求，例如差距连接通讯，基因表示的调整，房间周期和immunoenhancement的规定。在人和动物上进行的各种各样的lycopene补充研究在减轻男infertility—显示出有希望的结果；当精子计数和生存能力，和一般免疫被增加时，类脂化合物peroxidation和DNA损坏被减少。这些参数的改进在氧化应力显示减小，并且这样精子对氧化损坏不太脆弱，它增加使肥沃的一个正常精子的机会卵。人的试用每天与lycopene的4-8mg的补充在精子参数和怀孕率报导改进3-12月了。然而，进一步详细说明了，广泛的研究仍然被要求为男不孕作为一个处理决定剂量和lycopene的实用性。

简介：为努力与他们的搭挡一起怀孕的男人，诊断工具被限制并且经常由仅仅标准精液分析组成。这基线测试用作男富饶的一个粗略的评价，离开需要另外的诊断biomarkers的病人和临床医生。精液从因此，这评论在某些男不孕情形在当前、新奇的精液的biomarkers上集中包括自然富饶，区分精子缺乏病原学，并且预言的繁殖的腺帮助了的男性包含分子的最高的集中繁殖技术成功。当前可得到的测试包括antisperm抗体试金，DNA破碎索引，在situ杂交的精子荧光，和另外的历史的精子功能的测试。当前的试金的差的诊断能力导致了继续的努力发现更预兆的biomarkers。genomics，epigenetics，proteomics，transcriptomics，和为新奇男不孕biomarkers的发展的metabolomics抓住诺言的地里的新兴的研究。TEX101，ECM1，和ACRV1的精液的基于蛋白质的试金已经是可得到的或在为临床的使用的最后的开发中。当我们试图理解男不孕的pathophysiologic过程，DNA，RNA，蛋白质，或代谢物的另外的面板正在被探索。未来冒险将需要继续数据集成和确认让临床上有用的不孕biomarkers的开发帮助男不孕诊断，处理，并且建议。

简介：Andrology的亚洲杂志的这期特刊充分被奉献给精索静脉曲张的题目的区域，它是泌尿学，Andrology，和繁殖的药的地里的最争论的期之一。作为一个临床的实体认出了为在一个世纪，从拉丁文的精索静脉曲张：静脉曲张(扩大静脉)并且从希腊语：kele(肿瘤)仍然在男富饶和gonadal功能上在可争辩的否定效果上在科学家和临床医生之中得到激烈的争论并且自从它的第一在18th世纪。

简介：Progressinthefieldofassistedreproduction,andparticularlymicromanipulation,nowheraldsanewerainthemanagementofseveremalefactorinfertility,notamenabletomedicalorsurgicalcorrection.Byovercomingnaturalbarrierstoconception,invitrofertilizationandembryotransfer(IVF-ET),subzonal

简介：当我们可能与男不孕的一条对症疗法的途径是舒适的时，我们为生活方式修正和被许多我们的病人使用的整体、互补、其他的治疗的知识也负责。这份报纸提供为几这些治疗把事实与小说分开的基于证据的评论。有足够的文学由饮食和锻练支持重量减小，吸停止，和白酒中等。在小使随机化的控制试用(RCT)上在男富饶上表明了积极效果的补充包括aescin，辅酶Q10,谷胱甘肽，朝鲜红人参，L肉毒碱，nigellasativa，omega-3，硒，锌的联合并且叶酸，并且Menevit抗氧化剂。对维生素C，维生素E，或藏花的使用没有支持。为中国草药的药的数据，针灸，头脑身体实践，阴囊的冷却，并且基于信心的愈合稀少或不确定。

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简介：主要睫的运动障碍(PCD)是源于正常睫的功能的损失的正染色体后退的混乱。症状包括新生的呼吸悲痛，长期的窦炎，bronchiectasis，地点inversus，和不孕。然而，仅仅15联系PCD的基因被识别了迄今为止引起男不孕。由于PCD的基因异质，全面分子的基因测试没被认为照顾的标准。这里，我们在与与男不孕联系的PCD有关的基因因素的鉴定上提供进步的更改，总结内在的分子的机制，并且讨论这些调查结果的临床的含意。这块地里的进一步的研究将为男不孕影响诊断策略，使临床医生能向病人提供通知基因建议，并且帮助为开发直接指向的个性化的药采用治疗的最好的功课。

简介：AbstractObjective:This study aimed to screen for novel mutations in ACTL7A and expand the spectrum of known mutations responsible for recurrent fertilization failure.Methods:Whole-exome sequencing was performed on samples from couples who experienced recurrent assisted reproductive technology failure and visited the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. Western blotting and quantitative Real-time PCR were used to investigate the effects of the mutation on HEK293T cells.Results:Samples from 12 couples with total fertilization failure or poor fertilization (fertilization rate <20%) were subjected to whole-exome sequencing, and a novel homozygous protein-truncating mutation (c. 1101dupC, p. S368Qfs*5) in ACTL7A was identified in a patient with recurrent poor fertilization. The mutant resulted in a truncated protein as well as decreased protein expression level in HEK293T cells.Conclusions:Our findings expand the mutational and phenotypic spectrum of ACTL7A, thus providing a potential diagnostic marker for fertilization failure due to male factors.

简介：调查单个核苷酸多型性260和386的协会(SNP260和SNP386)有男不孕的基因，电子搜索被执行识别评估SNP260的关系或SNP386的盒子控制研究删除了在像精子缺乏(DAZL)并且男不孕。评论经理5被用来处理元分析和另外的统计分析。139个记录的一个总数被检索，哪个与总数2715病人一起的13盒子控制研究和1835个normozoospermic人被包括。SNP260被发现不为白种人或为亚洲人在男oligo/azoospermia起一个功能的作用。要不是SNP386，等位基因(A/G)当模特儿，主导(AA/AG+GG)，co主导(AA/AG)并且上属音(AA+GG/AG)与相关机会让了强壮的关联到spermatogenic失败比率being0.15(95%信心间隔[95%CI]0.07～0.34，P<0.00001)，0.16(95%CI0.07到0.35，P<0.00001)，0.15(95%CI0.06到0.33，P<0.00001)并且0.15(95%CI0.06到0.33，P<0.00001)分别地。而且，这关联仅仅在中国汉人口被发现(在oligo/azoospermia不孕的85%风险附近减少)并且别在印度，日本，和白种人国家发现。当SNP386被相关到男不孕时，我们的分析证明DAZL的SNP260没贡献oligo/azoospermia。然而，这关联仅仅与一种国家特定、种族特定的方式在中国被发现。

简介：AbstractInfertility seriously endangers the reproductive health of women at childbearing age. It is defined as the failure to achieve successful pregnancy after 1 year or more of regular unprotected intercourse. Broadly defined, infertility includes two aspects - failure to conceive or have a live birth. This guideline only addressed content relevant to the former. It was proposed by the gynecological endocrine group of the Chinese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese Medical Association, based on relevant guidelines of the World Health Organization, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, as well as the clinical practice in China. The guideline was reviewed by experts and doctors from medical institutions at all levels, which is applicable to the diagnosis of infertility by physicians in obstetrics, gynecology, and andrology at various medical institutions nationwide.

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简介：自发的oligoasthenoteratozoospermia(i燕麦)影响约30%所有不肥沃的人。这微型评论在这域里讨论了最近的数据。年龄，在testicular以后机关的非煽动性的功能的改变，传染物(Chlamydiatrachomatis，疱疹病毒和联系adeno的病毒)，在配偶子染色体的改变，mitochondrial改变，环境污染物质和“微妙”的神经质的改变都被认为i燕麦的可能的原因。在小管并且在精液的血浆并且apoptosis的反应的氧种类的增加是被认为的影响精子集中，活动性和形态学。i燕麦被排除通常诊断，但光谱主要阴囊的动脉的踪迹可以为i被用作一个诊断工具燕麦。下列能为i燕麦被认为治疗：1)tamoxifen柠檬酸盐(20mg/d)+睾丸激素undecanoate(120mg/d)(妊娠率每夫妇/月[prcm]：3.8%)；2)folic(66mg/d)+硫酸锌(5mg/d)；3)L肉毒碱(2g/d)独自或在有acetyl-L-carnitine(1g/d)的联合(prcm：2.3%)；并且4)两肉毒碱=一个30mgcinnoxicam栓剂每4天(prcm：8.5%)。堵住Alpha药改进了精子集中然而并非形态学，活动性或妊娠率。Tranilast(300mg/d)在起始的不受管束的研究增加了精子参数和妊娠率。它精子集中上的功效(然而并非在精子活动性，形态学或prcm上)在随后的出版报告被证实。tamoxifen+睾丸激素undecanoate的功效，tamoxifen独自一个，并且recombinant刺激滤泡的荷尔蒙仍然是为讨论的一件事。

简介：Erectilefailureisparticularlyconmaoninmenwithdiabetes;itaffectsupto30%,andtheprevalenceincreasesfurtherwithage,durationofdiabetes,andthepresenceofmicrovascularandn'kacrovascularcomplications.Itcanbedistressingforboththemanandhispartner.Thereisnowincreasingawarenessoftheimportanceoftheproblem,andtheincreasedefficacyandavailabilityoftreatmentmakesitcorrectableinmorethan80%of

简介：AbstractThe source of human oocytes is directly associated with the success of infertility treatment and fertility preservation. The number of oocytes obtained is possibly correlated with the success rate in terms of live birth rates. However, oocyte quality must be refined such that the number of oocytes is not positively correlated with the quality of oocytes. Different ovarian stimulation protocols can be used to obtain numerous oocytes. However, oocyte quality should be considered the most important factor affecting infertility treatment and fertility preservation. Infertile women are generally willing to take health-related risks to achieve a live birth, and ovarian stimulation using high-dose hormonal treatments may be harmful for both women and infants. Therefore, successful infertility treatment and fertility preservation should be defined as the birth of a healthy baby at term without compromising the health and safety of the mother and infant. Therefore, the source of high-quality oocytes must be carefully considered prior to infertility treatment and fertility preservation.

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简介：传统地，睾丸激素和雌激素被认为分别地是男、女的性荷尔蒙。然而，estradiol，雌激素的占优势的表格，也在男性功能起一个关键作用。在人的Estradiol为modulating性欲，可勃起的功能，和精子发生是必要的。雌激素受体，以及aromatase，把睾丸激素变换成雌激素的酶，充满大脑，阴茎，和睾丸，为性功能重要的机关。在大脑，estradiol合成在与性唤起有关的区域被增加。在阴茎，另外，雌激素受体在神经与血管的捆附近与高集中在整个阴茎海绵体被发现。低睾丸激素和提高的雌激素独立于对方增加可勃起的机能障碍的发生。在睾丸，精子发生被雌激素在每水平调制，以hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal轴开始，由Leydig，Sertoli，和细菌房间列在后面，并且与ductal上皮，epididymis，和成熟精子完成。由estradiol的阴囊的房间的规定显示出两个一禁止并且stimulatory影响，显示剂量依赖者并且时间地的一曲复杂交响乐敏感调整。我们在这评论的目标是阐明到由看荷尔蒙的男性功能的estradiol的全面贡献在可勃起的功能，精子发生，和性欲上完成。

简介：AbstractAlthough considerable advances have been made in the field of assisted reproductive technology (ART), millions of couples still suffer from infertility and miscarriage. In a large number of cases, the etiology of these common reproductive failures remains unknown. However, the significance of autoantibodies in infertility and miscarriage has sparked extensive interest because of their pleiotropic roles in disrupting normal pregnancy. This review discusses the pleiotropic roles of a series of autoantibodies in infertility and miscarriage. A brief recapitulation of how the autoantibodies interfere with ART outcomes and treatments for this type of idiopathic infertility or miscarriage is also provided. While several disputes remain to be resolved, further studies employing better designs and larger sample sizes are required in view of the therapeutic potential of autoantibody inhibitors and the future of contraceptive vaccines.

简介：AbstractThere is currently no universally accepted unified diagnostic standard for infertility treatment and maternity protection related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) worldwide, and the treatment options vary greatly. To improve the understanding of PCOS-related infertility among Chinese obstetricians and gynecologists at all levels for better patient diagnosis and management, we have referred to the international expert recommendations and literature and taken into account the Chinese clinical practice to develop the "Consensus on infertility management and fertility preservation related to PCOS."

简介：AbstractBoth fatty acids (FAs) and calcium ions play important roles in contraceptive cycles via several systems. Polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) act as precursors for prostaglandin production and can alter the expression of numerous crucial catalysts that are involved in prostaglandin and steroid digestion. Lipids are essential components of cell membranes. A diet rich in PUFAs enhances sperm motility and viability. It also improves testis development and spermatogenesis in several domesticated animal species. Increased PUFA content in spermatozoa increases plasma membrane fluidity, which is important for fertilization. However, the major drawback of high dietary PUFA intake is that it increases the levels of reactive oxygen species in the body. An increase in reactive oxygen species levels markedly affects fertility. Calcium is an important component that acts as an intra-cellular secondary messenger and plays an important role in some of the physiological processes that occur in male gametes. Some of these processes include spermatogenesis, sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome response, and fusion of gametes. These processes are associated with calcium influx through ion protein channels. Dietary fat intake is associated with increased intestinal calcium absorption. In this review, we discuss the impact of lipids, particularly PUFAs and monounsaturated FAs, and calcium ions on male reproduction, along with their effects on each other.