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简介：Opticalemissionspectroscopy(OES)wasappliedforplasmacharacterizationduringtheerosionofasphaltenesubstrates.Anamountof100mgofasphaltenewascarefullyappliedtoanelectrodeandexposedtoair-plasmaglowdischargeatapressureof1.0Torr.Theplasmawasgeneratedinastainlesssteeldischargechamberbyanacgeneratoratafrequencyof60Hz,outputpowerof50Wandagasflowrateof1.8L/min.Theelectrontemperatureandiondensitywereestimatedtobe2.15±0.11eVand(1.24±0.05)×1016m-3,respectively,usingadoubleLangmuirprobe.OESwasemployedtoobservetheemissionfromtheasphalteneexposedtoairplasma.BothmolecularbandemissionfromN2,N+2,OH,CH,NH,O2aswellasCN,andatomiclightemissionfromVandHγwereobservedandusedtomonitortheevolutionofasphalteneerosion.Theasphalteneerosionwasanalyzedwiththeaidofascanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)equippedwithanenergydispersiveX-ray(EDX)detector.TheEDXanalysisshowedthatthetimeevolutionofelementsC,O,SandVweresimilar;andthechemicalcompositionoftheexposedasphaltenesremainedconstant.Particlesizeevolutionwasmeasured,showingamaximumsizeof2307μmafter60min.Thisbehaviorismostlikelyrelatedtoparticleagglomerationasafunctionoftime.

简介：哪里有（假）雪造成的水上乐园？美国佛罗里达州的迪士尼暴风雪沙滩!

简介：Thetriple-to-doublecoincidenceratio(TDCR)methodofliquidscintillationcount-ingisanabsolutemeasurementmethodofradioactivity.TheformulationoftheTDCRmethodandtheestablishedTDCRliquidscintillationcounterarepresentedinthispaper.TheNISTstandardreferencematerial(SRM)oftritiumwaterwasmeasuredtoverifytheperformanceoftheTDCRliquidscintillationcounter.

简介：Lowtemperatureairplasmawasusedasthemutationtoolforpenicillin-producingstrainPenicilliumchrysogenum.ThedischargeconditionswereRFpowerof360W,temperatureof40℃inasealedchamber,andpressureof10Pato30Pa.Theresultshowedthatthekineticsofthesurvivalratefollowedatypicalsaddle-shapedcurve.Basedonastatisticanalysis,atthetreatingdurationof10min,thepositivemutationratewasashighas37.5%whilethenegativemutationratewaslow.Thecolonialmorphologychangedobviouslywhentheplasmatreatingdurationreachedorexceeded45min.Afterbothprimaryandsecondaryscreening,amutantdesignatedasaPc051310withhighproductivityofpenicillinwasobtained,andastrongmutageniceffectonP.chrysogenumwasobservedintheprocess.Itwasprovedthatafterfivegenerations,themutantaPc051310stillexhibitsahighproductivity.Alltheresultsprovethattheplasmamutationmethodcouldbedevelopedasaconvenientandeffectivetooltobreedhigh-yieldstrainsinthefermentationindustry,whileexpandingtheplasmapplicationatthesametime.

简介：Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)acceleratorisproposedasanextgenerationpropulsionsystem.Itcanbeusedtoincreasetheperformanceofapropulsionsystem.TheobjectiveofthisstudyistoinvestigatetheperformanceofMHDacceleratorusingnon-equilibriumairplasmaasworkinggas.Inthisstudy,thefundamentalperformanceofMHDacceleratorsuchasflowperformanceandelectricalperformanceisevaluatedatdifferentlevelsofappliedmagneticfieldusing1-Dnumericalsimulation.ThenumericalsimulationisdevelopedbasedonasetofdifferentialequationswithMHDapproximation.TosolvethissetofdifferentialequationstheMacCormackschemeisused.AspecifiedchanneldesignedanddevelopedatNASAMarshallSpaceFlightCentreisusedinthenumericalsimulation.Thecompositionofthesimulatedairplasmaconsistsofsevenspecies,namely,N2,N,O2,O,NO,NO+,ande-.Theperformanceofthenon-equilibriumMHDacceleratorisalsocomparedwiththeequilibriumMHDaccelerator.

简介：Graphene为它的唯一的结构和性质作为新nano碳吸引了许多注意。然而，unfunctionalizedgraphene的生产和分散仍然是大挑战。此处，我们与低费用并且非为如此的graphene的准备和分散表明一个简单方法toxicum。这条途径被exfoliating石墨在乙醇/水混合物和单层和很少层graphenes的形成的稳定的分散完成。在混合的乙醇/水的比率被发现对脱落和分散过程关键。纯水或纯乙醇里的脱落不生产graphene。这个方法避免严厉氧化剂和表面活化剂的常规使用；因此，没有破坏，graphitic结构很好被维持。得益于乙醇和水的使用，由真空过滤或水花方法准备透明、传导性的graphene电影能是容易的，并且不需要处理以后的专辑移开杂质，它能为潜在的应用在是有益的电子，眼并且精力区域。

简介：蛋白质符合构造上的水的影响被在不同的水系统模仿模型蛋白质溶解酵素的分子的动力学调查。有有六戒指的水的水模型和溶解酵素水簇系统建模的TIP3P的溶解酵素水系统被评估。另外，在溶解酵素附近的溶剂的光线的分发功能是计算的。在溶解酵素附近的水分子的分发类似于水簇的，这被发现。二面的角度的分析和溶解酵素的二硫化物契约证明溶解酵素的符合构造严重地在溶解酵素水系统与那相比在溶解酵素水簇系统被损坏。这差别能被归因于在溶解酵素和水簇之间的分子间的氢契约的更大的数字的形成。是与分析一致水簇能在溶解酵素的热变性作用的过程改变变性作用的度。

简介：AwaterplasmawasgeneratedbyDCarcdischargewithahafniumembeddedrodtypecathodeandanozzle-typeanode.Thedischargecharacteristicswereexaminedbychangingtheoperationparameterofthearccurrent.Thedynamicbehaviorofthearcdischargeledtosignificantfluctuationsinthearcvoltageanditsfrequency.Analysesofthehighspeedimageandthearcvoltagewaveformshowedthatthearcdischargewasintherestrikemodeanditsfrequencyvariedwithinseveraltensofkilohertzaccordingtotheoperatingconditions.Thelargerthermalplasmavolumewasgeneratedbythehigherflowfromtheformingsteamwithahigherrestrikefrequencyinthehigherarccurrentconditions.Inaddition,thecharacteristicsofthewaterplasmajetwereinvestigatedbymeansofopticalemissionspectroscopytoidentifytheabundantradicalsrequiredinanefficientwastetreatmentprocess.

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简介：从充满水的圆柱的壳散布领域的形成被学习。散布领域的分析解决方案用有弹性的薄壳理论和Sommerfeld-Watson转变SWT方法被导出。环绕的波浪的波浪数字杆数字地被发现的建筑群，阶段速度和在空圆柱的壳和充满水的圆柱的壳的状况之间的环绕的波浪的变细被比较。是镜子的思考部件和环绕的波浪的和的backscattering表格功能的合成与正常模式结果一致。环绕的波浪与试验性的结果相比的另外的液体的计算回响序列。更富有的回声山峰出现在充满水的圆柱的壳和回响结构的形成的backscattering表格功能的结果表演由于另外的液体的再放射效果是环绕的波浪。

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简介：Inthispaper,thedensityfunctionaltheoryhasbeenusedtoperformacomparativetheoreticalstudyofwatermonomer,dimer,trimer,andbilayeradsorptionsontheBe(0001)surface.Inourcalculations,theadsorbedwatermoleculesareenergeticallyfavouredadsorbedontheatopsites,andthedimeradsorptionisfoundtobethemoststablewithapeakadsorptionenergyof～437meV.Furtheranalyseshaverevealedthattheessentialbondinginteractionbetweenthewatermonomerandthemetalsubstrateisthehybridizationofthewater3a1-likemolecularorbitalwiththe(s,pz)orbitalsofthesurfaceberylliumatoms.Whileinthecaseofthewaterdimeradsorption,the1b1-likeorbitaloftheH2Omoleculeplaysadominantrole.

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简介：StartingJune2011theSINOPECBalingPetrochemicalBranchCompanyhasbeenapplyingitsself-developedoxidationtechnologywithoxygen-enrichedaironthe100kt/acyclohexanoneunit,resultinginsmoothoperationcoupledwitharound14%increaseinproductioncapacity,whiletheoxygenconcentrationinairstreamiscontrolledatlessthan24%,whichisby2%-3%higherthanthenormaloxygencontentinatmosphere.

简介：MicrocystisaeruginosaFACHB905被用作一个模型有机体在生长和microcystin(MC)上学习小水簇(SWC)的效果有毒的cyanobacteria的生产。结果证明SWC能刺激Microcystisaeruginosa的生长，它在一个30-d处理以后导致了增加的房间数字和更高特定的生长率。细胞形态学显示Microcystisaeruginosa处于生长的一个更好的状态，并且在SWC划分比在正常水聚类的是容易的更多。在在Microcystisaeruginosa的10d的起来调整的MC合成和渗出，和细胞内MC满足的SWC处理随后在第20天以后减少了。而且，细胞的光合的颜料内容被SWC暂时刺激。一个可能的原因是SWC由支持光合作用刺激了生长，而增加的MC生产与颜料内容相关。

简介：Anovelnanosecondpulsedpowerunitwasdevelopedforplasmatreatmentofwastewater,basedonthetheoryofmagneticpulsecompressionandsemiconductoropeningswitch(SOS).Thepeakvalue,risetimeandpulsedurationoftheoutputvoltagewereobservedtobe-51kV,60nsand120ns,respectively.Theconcentrationsof·OHgeneratedbythenovelnanosecondpulsedplasmapowerweredeterminedusingthemethodofhigh-performanceliquidchromatography(HPLC).Theresultsshowedthattheconcentrationsof·OHincreasedwiththeincreaseinpeakvoltage,andthegenerationratesof·OHwere4.1×10-10mol/s,5.7×10-10mol/s,and7.7×10-10mol/sat30kV,35kV,and40kV,respectively.TheefficiencyofOHgenerationwasfoundtobeindependentoftheinputparametersforappliedpower,withanaveragevalueof3.23×10-12mol/Jobtained.

简介：建立水资源利用并且利用计划是必要的，它主要基于认出并且预报水讲道理地并且科学地消费了结构。在过去的30年(19802009)期间，分别地，当全部的水消费历史上在一样的时期期间到达了尖顶时，吝啬的年度降水和北京的全部的水资源与那些长期的价值相比在6.89%和31.37%减少了。因此，它具有为在社会经济的开发和环境开发之间的和谐的大意义。把消费的水的水消费，农业、工业、国内、环境的水消费，和进化组织的总数基于分析，全部的水消费和水的进化的进一步的驱动力消费了结构系统地被揭示。预言和讨论为全部的水消费的进化被完成，水在不久的将来用时间系列预报北京消费了水资源的结构，和供应要求状况方法。这份报纸的努力的目的是为在socio经济和水资源之间的和谐开发提供科学基础，为水资源的合理战略计划的建立，并且为有科学的库的北京的社会持续开发。

简介：Thetransportprocessof12CionsinwaterwasstudiedwithSRIMcodeandGeant4toolkit.TheSRIMresultsindicatethatthetransversediffusionof12Cionbeamcausesdistortionofenergydepositalongthebeamdirection.Thedistortionbecomesmorenotableasthetrans-versediffusionincreases.ThesimulationresultsofGeant4indicatethattheinfluenceofsecondaryfragmentsonenergydepositdistributionwouldbethemainfactorcausingthedistortioninhigherenergyrange.Intheregionadjacenttothebeamlinewherethecontributionfrom12Cionsdomi-nates,thecontributionsfromsecondaryfragmentsareignorable.Thefurtherfromthebeamaxistheregionlocates,thelargerthecontributionsfromsecondaryfragments,untilthecontributionsfromsecondaryfragmentsareignorable.Thefurtherfromthebeamaxistheregionlocates,thelargerthecontributionsfromsecondaryfragments,untilthecontributionsfromsecondaryfrag-mentsexceedthatof12C.Amongallthesecondaryfragments,thecontributionsofH,HeandBionsaremostlynotable.Itisalsofoundthatsomepositron-emittingsecondaryfragmentscouldbeveryusefulforpositionemittingtomography(PET).

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