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简介:AbstractMucormycosis is a lethal human disease caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Mucormycosis is caused by fungi mainly belonging to the genera Mucor, Rhizopus, and Lichtheimia, all of which belong to the order Mucorales. The number of individuals with mucormycosis-causing disorders has increased in recent years, hence, leading to the spread of mucormycosis. Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous cases of mucormycosis in COVID-19-infected patients have been reported worldwide, and the illness is now recognized as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, with most of the cases being reported from India. Immunocompromised patients such as those with bone marrow sickness and uncontrolled diabetes are at a greater risk of developing mucormycosis. Genes, pathways, and other mechanisms have been studied in Mucorales, demonstrating a direct link between virulence and prospective therapeutic and diagnostic targets. This review discusses several proteins such as high-affinity iron permease (FTR1), calcineurin, spore coat protein (CotH), and ADP-ribosylation factors involved in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis that might prove to be viable target(s) for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
简介:摘要:幼儿园科学区角材料的投放和运用,是由老师按照教学目标和孩子认知发展水平来进行的,孩子们凭借自己的爱好和意愿,在相对舒适的教学氛围中,自由独立地运用科学活动材料,通过老师给予孩子适当的引导,孩子与伙伴们在一起互相帮助,促进了孩子们在独特的科学研究区角环境中,身体获得了发展。幼儿园科学区角材料的投入与运用,不但让孩子们学会和别人相处,还可以培养孩子间的团结、合作等能力,使孩子们适应社会大环境。所以,幼儿园开展科学区角材料的投入与运用,就是要求老师为孩子们提供良好的、舒适的、温暖的、舒适的区角环境,并通过科学合理地确定活动目标,从而合理利用园区材料投入和运用的效果。
简介:摘要:进入全球大数据蓬勃发展的时代,信息公开的环境在技术、法律等方面都发生了深刻变化。特别是互联网在各个行业的渗透和利用过程中,出现较多网络安全问题。如果国有企业无法科学管理信息公开的保密安全将给国家和企业造成不利影响,因此如何科学管理信息公开与保密,这已成为国有企业面临的新挑战和新课题。本篇论文对国有企业信息“公开”与“保密”科学管理进行了系统思考。
简介:AbstractIn order to effectively implement the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for Codes of Conduct for Scientists, biosecurity awareness-raising and education are essential because if these are not in place scientists will not understand the need for biosecurity codes of conduct. In an effort to assist in the implementation of the guidelines, a small-scale survey was carried out in early 2022 of biosecurity awareness-raising and education projects that have been developed over the last two decades to discover what resources and experience have been accumulated. It is argued that the survey demonstrates that much of what is needed to implement the guidelines effectively has been developed, but that there are specific deficiencies that need to be remedied quickly. In particular, an updated teaching resource covering the core issues related to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and the problem of dual use in scientific research needs to be made widely available and translated into at least the six official United Nations (UN) languages. Additionally, more specialists from the Humanities with expertise in ethics need to become involved in biosecurity awareness-raising and education activities. While advantage should be taken now of the available national, regional and international networks of people involved in related activities, it is suggested that in the longer term cooperation in biosecurity awareness-raising and education will benefit from the development of an equivalent organisation to the International Nuclear Security Education Network (INSEN) organised through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
简介:AbstractBackground:Zoonoses are public health threats that cause severe damage worldwide. Zoonoses constitute a key indicator of One Health (OH) and the OH approach is being applied for zoonosis control programmes of zoonotic diseases. In a very recent study, we developed an evaluation system for OH performance through the global OH index (GOHI). This study applied the GOHI to evaluate OH performance for zoonoses in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods:The framework for the OH index on zoonoses (OHIZ) was constructed including five indicators, 15 subindicators and 28 datasets. Publicly available data were referenced to generate the OHIZ database which included both qualitative and quantitative indicators for all sub-Sahara African countries (n = 48). The GOHI algorithm was used to estimate scores for OHIZ. Indicator weights were calculated by adopting the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process.Results:Overall, five indicators associated with weights were generated as follows: source of infection (23.70%), route of transmission (25.31%), targeted population (19.09%), capacity building (16.77%), and outcomes/case studies (15.13%). Following the indicators, a total of 37 sub-Sahara African countries aligned with OHIZ validation, while 11 territories were excluded for unfit or missing data. The OHIZ average score of sub-Saharan Africa was estimated at 53.67/100. The highest score was 71.99 from South Africa, while the lowest score was 40.51 from Benin. It is also worth mentioning that Sub-Sahara African countries had high performance in many subindicators associated with zoonoses, e.g., surveillance and response, vector and reservoir interventions, and natural protected areas, which suggests that this region had a certain capacity in control and prevention or responses to zoonotic events.Conclusions:This study reveals that it is possible to perform OH evaluation for zoonoses in sub-Saharan Africa by OHIZ. Findings from this study provide preliminary research information in advancing knowledge of the evidenced risks to strengthen strategies for effective control of zoonoses and to support the prevention of zoonotic events.