简介：Inthepresentpaper,theauthorputsforwardsixkeypointsforacupuncturetreatmentofdiseases,namely,①carefulexamination,②definitediagnosis,③preciseandappropriateidentificationofsyndromes,④accuratelocationoftheacupoint,⑤flexibleapplicationofneedlingmanipulations,and⑥“Deqi”.Thefirstthreeaspactsarethefoundation,accuratelocationandflexibleneedlingmanipulationsarealsotheprerequisiteforeffectivetreatmentofdiseases.Inaddition,soundtheoreticalbasicknowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicine(TOM)andmodemmedicine,andflexiblyapplyingsuitableneedlingmaneuvers,stimulatingquantityanddurationofneedleretaininginaccordancewiththeconcretestateofdiseaseandthepatient'sconditionsarealsoveryimportantinclinicalpracticeofacupuncture.

简介：LedbyfourgenerationsofleadershipfromlateProf.JIANGSichang(academician,ChineseAcademyofEngineering),Prof.YANGWeiyan(HonoraryPresident,DivisionofOtolaryngologyHeadandNeckSurgery,ChineseMedicalAssociation),Prof.HANDongyi(PresidentElected,DivisionofOtolaryngologyHeadandNeckSurgery,ChineseMedicalAssociation)tonowProf.YANGShiming(President,DivisionofOtolaryngologists,

简介：AbstractMandibular condylar fractures are among the most common facial fractures and some of the most difficult to manage. Opinions about the management of mandibular condylar fractures differ among surgeons. With the implementation of new technology, an increased understanding of fracture management, and better functional and morphological outcomes reported in the literature, open reduction and internal fixation is becoming many surgeons’ preferred choice for the treatment of condylar fractures. Because surgical treatment of such fractures is complex, certain factors must be considered to achieve satisfactory outcomes. In this article, we summarise six key points in the management of mandibular condylar fractures: virtual evaluation of condylar fracture, a suitable surgical approach, good reduction, stable internal fixation, repair of the articular disc, and restoration of the mandibular arch width. We believe that these points will help to improve the prognosis of mandibular condyle fractures.

简介：无

简介：

简介：无

简介：AbstractMucormycosis is a lethal human disease caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Mucormycosis is caused by fungi mainly belonging to the genera Mucor, Rhizopus, and Lichtheimia, all of which belong to the order Mucorales. The number of individuals with mucormycosis-causing disorders has increased in recent years, hence, leading to the spread of mucormycosis. Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous cases of mucormycosis in COVID-19-infected patients have been reported worldwide, and the illness is now recognized as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, with most of the cases being reported from India. Immunocompromised patients such as those with bone marrow sickness and uncontrolled diabetes are at a greater risk of developing mucormycosis. Genes, pathways, and other mechanisms have been studied in Mucorales, demonstrating a direct link between virulence and prospective therapeutic and diagnostic targets. This review discusses several proteins such as high-affinity iron permease (FTR1), calcineurin, spore coat protein (CotH), and ADP-ribosylation factors involved in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis that might prove to be viable target(s) for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

简介：AbstractBackground:The End Tuberculosis (TB) Strategy of the World Health Organization highlights the need for patient-centered care and social protection measures that alleviate the financial hardships faced by many TB patients. In China, TB treatments are paid for by earmarked government funds, social health insurance, medical assistance for the poor, and out-of-pocket payments from patients. As part of Phase III of the China-Gates TB project, this paper introduces multi-source financing of TB treatment in the three provinces of China and analyzes the challenges of moving towards universal coverage and its implications of multi-sectoral engagement for TB care.Main text:The new financing policies for TB treatment in the three provinces include increased reimbursement for TB outpatient care, linkage of TB treatment with local poverty alleviation programs, and use of local government funds to cover some costs to reduce out-of-pocket expenses. However, there are several challenges in reducing the financial burdens faced by TB patients. First, medical costs must be contained by reducing the profit-maximizing behaviors of hospitals. Second, treatment for TB and multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) is only available at county hospitals and city or provincial hospitals, respectively, and these hospitals have low reimbursement rates and high co-payments. Third, many patients with TB and MDR-TB are at the edge of poverty, and therefore ineligible for medical assistance, which targets extremely poor individuals. In addition, the local governments of less developed provinces often face fiscal difficulties, making it challenging to use of local government funds to provide financial support for TB patients. We suggest that stakeholders at multiple sectors should engage in transparent and responsive communications, coordinate policy developments, and integrate resources to improve the integration of social protection schemes.Conclusions:The Chinese government is examining the establishment of multi-source financing for TB treatment by mobilization of funds from the government and social protection schemes. These efforts require strengthening the cooperation of multiple sectors and improving the accountability of different government agencies. All key stakeholders must take concrete actions in the near future to assure significant progress toward the goal of alleviating the financial burden faced by TB and MDR-TB patients.

简介：Historically,mastcellswereknownasakeycelltypeinvolvedintypeIhypersensitivity.Untillasttwodecades,thiscelltypewasrecognizedtobewidelyinvolvedinanumberofnon-allergicdiseasesincludinginflammatoryboweldisease(IBD).MarkedlyincreasednumbersofmastcellswereobservedinthemucosaoftheileumandcolonofpatientswithIBD,whichwasaccompaniedbygreatchangesofthecontentinmastcellssuchasdramaticallyincreasedexpressionofTNFα,IL-16andsubstanceP.TheevidenceofmastcelldegranulationwasfoundinthewallofintestinefrompatientswithIBDwithimmunohistochemistrytechnique.ThehighlyelevatedhistamineandtryptaselevelsweredetectedinmucosaofpatientswithIBD,stronglysuggestingthatmastcelldegranulationisinvolvedinthepathogenesisofIBD.However,littleisknownoftheactionsofhistamine,tryptase,chymaseandcarboxypeptidaseinIBD.Overthelastdecade,heparinhasbeenusedtotreatIBDinclinicalpractice.Thelowmolecularweightheparin(LMWH)waseffectiveasadjuvanttherapy,andthepatientsshowedgoodclinicalandlaboratoryresponsewithnoseriousadverseeffects.TherolesofPGD2,LTC4,PAFandmastcellcytokinesinIBDwerealsodiscussed.Recently,aseriesofexperimentswithdispersedcolonmastcellssuggestedthereshouldbeatleasttwopathwaysinmanformastcellstoamplifytheirownactivation-degranulationsignalsinanautocrineorparacrinemanner.Thehypothesisisthatmastcellsecretogoguesinducemastcelldegranulation,releasehistamine,thenstimulatetheadjacentmastcellsorpositivelyfeedbacktofurtherstimulateitshostmastcellsthroughH1receptor.Whereasreleasedtryptaseactssimilarlytohistamine,butactivatesmastcellsthroughitsreceptorPAR-2.Theconnectionsbetweencurrentanti-IBDtherapiesorpotentialtherapiesforIBDwithmastcellswerediscussed,implicatingfurtherthatmastcellisakeycelltypethatisinvolvedinthepathogenesisofIBD.Inconclusion,whilepathoge

简介：LongbeforethediscoveryofHelicobacterpylori,thereweremanyexcellentobservationalstudiesthatdocumenteddifferencesinthepatternsofgastroduodenaldisease.Itwasclearthatinthedevelopingworld,gastriculcerandgastriccancerweremorecommonthaninthedevelopedworldwhereduodenalulcerpredominated.Thiscorrelatedwiththedistributionofgastritisinduodenalulcerpatientswheretheinflammationwasantralpredominantwhileingastriculcerpatientsthegastritiswasmoreevenlydistributedthroughthestomach.Gastriculcersusuallyappearedinafairlyrestricteddistributioninthestomachneartheangulusandclosetothetransitionalzonebetweenantrumandbodymucosa.Asasocietydevelopedsothesepatternsofdiseasechanged.

简介：AbstractBackground:The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifaceted, and the underlying mechanisms are elusive. We conducted data mining analysis to gain a better insight into the disease and to identify the hub genes associated with the progression of NAFLD.Methods:The dataset GSE49541, containing the profile of 40 samples representing mild stages of NAFLD and 32 samples representing advanced stages of NAFLD, was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the R programming language. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database were used to perform the enrichment analysis and construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, respectively. Subsequently, transcription factor networks and key modules were identified. The hub genes were validated in a mice model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD and in cultured HepG2 cells by real-time quantitative PCR.Results:Based on the GSE49541 dataset, 57 DEGs were selected and enriched in chemokine activity and cellular component, including the extracellular region. Twelve transcription factors associated with DEGs were indicated from PPI analysis. Upregulated expression of five hub genes (SOX9, CCL20, CXCL1, CD24, and CHST4), which were identified from the dataset, was also observed in the livers of HFD-induced NAFLD mice and in HepG2 cells exposed to palmitic acid or advanced glycation end products.Conclusion:The hub genes SOX9, CCL20, CXCL1, CD24, and CHST4 are involved in the aggravation of NAFLD. Our results offer new insights into the underlying mechanism of NAFLD progression.

简介：<正>InstituteofOtolaryngologyofChinesePLA(KeyLaboratoryforthePreventionofAcousticTrauma,PLA)KeyLaboratoryofHearingImpairmentScience(ChinesePLAMedicalSchool)MinistryofEducationLedbyfourgenerationsofleadershipfromlateProf.JIANGSichang(academician,ChineseAcademyofEngineering),Prof.YANGWeiyan(HonoraryPresident,DivisionofOtolaryngology

简介：摘要目的探讨外科低年资护士培训管理方案对护士自我效能和护理效率的影响。方法对2017年7月前于东营市第二人民医院工作的25名肝胆胰外科低年资护士实施为期6个月的全新培训管理方案，比较管理方案改革前后护士自我效能以及护理效率。结果培训管理方案改革后，护士基础理论知识、应急处理、专业操作技能评分均明显高于改革前，差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)，护士自我效能感优良率明显高于改革前，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)，护士工作质量中知识知晓、特一级护理、安全管理、基础护理、急救用物管理、文书记录以及感染管理等维度评分均明显高于改革前，差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)，护士专业能力、评判性思维能力以及专业素质评分均明显高于改革前，差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)，医生对护士的认可度明显高于改革前，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)、患者满意度评分明显高于改革前，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论培训管理方案改革有利于提高外科低年资护士自我效能及护理效率，提高医生及患者满意度。

简介：AbstractIn order to effectively implement the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for Codes of Conduct for Scientists, biosecurity awareness-raising and education are essential because if these are not in place scientists will not understand the need for biosecurity codes of conduct. In an effort to assist in the implementation of the guidelines, a small-scale survey was carried out in early 2022 of biosecurity awareness-raising and education projects that have been developed over the last two decades to discover what resources and experience have been accumulated. It is argued that the survey demonstrates that much of what is needed to implement the guidelines effectively has been developed, but that there are specific deficiencies that need to be remedied quickly. In particular, an updated teaching resource covering the core issues related to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and the problem of dual use in scientific research needs to be made widely available and translated into at least the six official United Nations (UN) languages. Additionally, more specialists from the Humanities with expertise in ethics need to become involved in biosecurity awareness-raising and education activities. While advantage should be taken now of the available national, regional and international networks of people involved in related activities, it is suggested that in the longer term cooperation in biosecurity awareness-raising and education will benefit from the development of an equivalent organisation to the International Nuclear Security Education Network (INSEN) organised through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

简介：摘要为探讨企业微信平台在住院医师教学管理过程中的应用效果，福建省妇幼保健院在住院医师规范化培训管理过程中引入企业微信平台，住院医师、轮转科室通过企业微信开展住院医师规范化培训各项活动，并提交教学任务执行结果；教学管理部门通过网络平台汇总评价资料。结果显示，当前使用用户732名，用户累计使用率达100%；教学材料及时上交率提高31.02%；100%住院医师认为，相比纸质的方式更倾向于使用企业微信平台进行各项考勤、教学质量评价和问卷调查；教学管理部门工作流程及效率明显提高。

简介：摘要报道了25名骨科护士参加护理部组织的“三主动”规范礼仪培训的体会。培训要求护士掌握在迎接各级查房者时，执行相应的动作形体规范和汇报内容规范，做到主动起立、主动迎接和主动汇报。培训后，本科室护士在精神面貌、服务态度、工作作风方面的评价满意率，由85%提高到95%。“三主动”规范化培训促进了护士综合素质的提高，强化了护士的临床工作能力。

简介：【 摘要】 报道了 25名骨科护士参加护理部组织的“三主动”规范礼仪培训的体会。培训要求护士掌握在迎接各级查房者时，执行相应的动作形体规范和汇报内容规范，做到主动起立、主动迎接和主动汇报。培训后，本科室护士在精神面貌、服务态度、工作作风方面的评价满意率，由 85%提高到 95%。“三主动”规范化培训促进了护士综合素质的提高，强化了护士的临床工作能力。

简介：

简介：

简介：【摘要】目的：探究社区规范化培训对青浦区胸痛中心救治有效率的影响。方法：收集我院胸痛中心成立前后收治的急性心肌梗死患者500例为研究样本病例，以急救方法的差异性作为分组标准，将我院未成立胸痛中心前两年收治的急性心肌梗死患者250例确定为对照组，为其实施常规急救处理流程，将我院胸痛中心成立后两年收治的急性心肌梗死患者250例确定为实验组，为其在上一组基础上实施胸痛中心规范化处理，并配合社区规范化培训。观察两种方法的实施效果，并通过比较各项指标数据，分析不同方式对胸痛中心救治有效率产生的影响。结果：实验组的首份心电图完成时间、FMC到导丝通过时间及社区医院病人入门到出门时间更短，（p<0.05），实验组救治成功率更高，（p<0.05）；实验组患者的治疗总费用更少，社区医务人员的认知度评分明显更高，（p<0.05）。结论：胸痛中心规范化处理与社区规范化培训的应用，有利于患者尽快得到早期诊断及治疗，给患者节约就诊时间，同时也为医务人员快速诊断提供依据，从而加快患者的康复进程。