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简介：Correctextractionoftheultra-large-scaleintegrated(ULSI)interconnectcomponentsathightfrequenciesisveryimportantforevaluatingelectricalperformancesofhigh-speedULSIcircuits.Inthispaper,theextractionoftheinterconnectresistanceathighfrequenciesisderivedfromtheOhm′slawandverifiedbythesoftwareFastHenry.Theresultsarealsocomparedwiththoseofanotherresistanceformulaoriginatedfromtheeffectiveareaofthecurrentflowing.Theapplicabilityofthesetwoformulaeisdiscussed.Theinfluenceoftheinterconnectgeometryontheresistanceathighfrequenciesisstudied.Thecomputationindicatesthattheeffectoffrequencyontheresistanceisweakwhentheskindepthislargerthanhalfoftheshortsideoftherectangularinterconnectcrosssection.Withfurtherincreaseoffrequency,theresistanceincreasesobviously.Resultsimplythatconductorwithasquarecrosssectionexhibitsthelargestresistanceforrectangularconductorsofconstantcrosssectionarea.

简介：<正>Thishighlightarticlefocusesontheeffectsofdifferenttypesofexerciseonthepreventionandtreatmentoftype2diabetesandonfuturechallengesindevelopingeffectivepreventivestrategies.1.CurrentprevalenceofdiabetesinChinaCardiovasculardiseaseshavebecometheleadingcauseofdeathinChina.DiabetesisamajorriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseasesandtherapidchangeinlifestyleisthemainreasonfortheincreasedriskforcardiovasculardiseasesinChina.TheChina

简介：AbacterialstrainWY047wasisolatedfromfermentedgrainsandthebacteriumwasidentifiedasBacillusamyloliquefaciens,basedonmorphological,biochemical,andphysiologicaltests,andanalysisof16SrRNAandgyrAsequences.TheculturesupernatantofWY047demonstratedinhibitionofawidespectrumofbacteria(GrampositiveandGramnegative)andfungi.Ninepairsofprimersweredesignedandsixgenes(bmyD,fenA,hag,ituA,mrsA,andtasA)ofantimicrobialsubstancesweredetectedbyPCR,oneofwhichwasisolatedby80%ammoniumsulfateprecipitation,D201resinanion-exchangechromatography,andSephadexG-75filtrationcolumn.Thepurifiedpeptidewasestimatedtobe35,207DaandidentifiedasflagellinbyMALDI-TOFmassspectrometry.AnotherfourantimicrobialsubstanceswereextractedwithmethanolandidentifiedasiturinA,fengycin,bacillomycinD,andmersacidinthroughtheliquidchromatography–massspectrometry(LC–MS)method.ThesixthpossiblepeptideencodedbytasAcouldnotbeisolatedinthisstudy;however,thebroaderspectrumsuggestedhugeapplicationprospects.

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简介：Background:NostudieshavecomparedeffectivenessofresistancetrainingandTaiJiexerciseonrelievingsymptomsofkneeosteoarthritis(OA).Thepurposeofthestudywastoevaluateeffectsofa10-weekTaiJiandresistancetraininginterventiononimprovingOAsymptomsandmobilityinseniorswithkneeOA.Methods:Thirty-oneseniors(60-85years)wererandomlyassignedtoaTaiJiprogram(n=12),aresistancetrainingprogram(n=13),andacontrolgroup(n=6).AllparticipantscompletedtheWesternOntarioandMcMaster(WOMAC)OsteoarthritisIndexandperformedthreephysicalperformancetests(6-minwalk,timed-up-and-go,andtimedstairclimbanddescent)beforeandafterthe10-weekintervention.Results:Theparticipantsintheresistancetraininggroupsignificantlyimprovedonthetimed-up-and-gotest(p<0.001),theWOMACpainsubscore(p=0.006),WOMACstiffnesssub-score(p<0.001),andWOMACphysicalfunctionsub-score(p=0.011).TheTaiJigroupsignificantlyimprovedonthetimed-up-and-gotest(p<0.001),butnotontheWOMACscores.Conclusion:ResistancetrainingwaseffectiveforimprovingmobilityandimprovingthesymptomsofkneeOA.TaiJiwasalsoeffectiveforimprovingmobility,butdidnotimprovekneeOAsymptoms.

简介：Neuromuscularactivityissuppressedduringmaximaleccentric（ECC）musclecontractioninuntrainedsubjectsowingtoattenuatedlevelsofcentralactivationandreducedspinalmotorneuron（MN）excitabilityindicatedbyreducedelectromyographysignalamplitude,diminishedevokedH-reflexresponses,increasedautogenicMNinhibition,anddecreasedexcitabilityindescendingcorticospinalmotorpathways.MaximumECCmuscleforcerecordedduringmaximalvoluntarycontractioncanbeincreasedbysuperimposedelectricalmusclestimulationonlyinuntrainedindividualsandnotintrainedstrengthathletes,indicatingthatthesuppressioninMNactivationismodifiablebyresistancetraining.Insupportofthisnotion,maximumECCmusclestrengthcanbeincreasedbyuseofheavy-loadresistancetrainingowingtoaremovedordiminishedsuppressioninneuromuscularactivity.Prolonged（weekstomonths）ofheavy-loadresistancetrainingresultsinincreasedH-reflexandV-waveresponsesduringmaximalECCmuscleactionsalongwithmarkedgainsinmaximalECCmusclestrength,indicatingincreasedexcitabilityofspinalMNs,decreasedpresynapticand/orpostsynapticMNinhibition,andelevateddescendingmotordrive.Notably,theuseofsupramaximalECCresistancetrainingcanleadtoselectivelyelevatedV-waveresponsesduringmaximalECCcontraction,demonstratingthatadaptivechangesinspinalcircuitryfunctionand/orgainsindescendingmotordrivecanbeachievedduringmaximalECCcontractioninresponsetoheavy-loadresistancetraining.

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