简介:城市轨道交通车辆以电能为动力电源,城轨在建设和运营阶段,虽然牵引供电的安全性和可靠性得到了足够重视,但仍不可避免地因供电系统故障、人为破坏、偶发因素自然灾害等引起城轨车辆供电短时中断或长时间瘫痪,造成列车无法正常运行。所以增加备用电源装置,当城轨供电系统突然发生供电故障时,列车可以通过备用电源装置设备进行供电,实施紧急自牵引,根据实际线路要求牵引至邻近站台,实现清客、回库的目的,并且在此过程中备用电源提供电能保障必要的基础设施运行。目前备用电源设备多采用车载电池方式来实现。虽然此方式在一定程度上解决了列车供电故障带来的影响,但是由于列车牵引功率和能量较大,所以需要的电池体积和重量也就比较大,增加了列车运行负载;同时电池价格昂贵,只作为备用电源装备在列车上,从经济性方面考虑成本较高,效益较低。
简介:Strongrestrictionsonemissionsfrommarinepowerplants(particularlySOx,NOx)willprobablybeadoptedinthenearfuture.Inthispaper,acombinedsolidoxidefuelcell(SOFC)andsteamturbinefuelledbynaturalgasisproposedasanattractiveoptiontolimittheenvironmentalimpactofthemarinesector.TheanalyzedvariantofthecombinedcycleincludesaSOFCoperatedwithnaturalgasfuelandasteamturbinewithasingle-pressurewasteheatboiler.ThecalculationswereperformedfortwotypesoftubularandplanarSOFCs,eachwithanoutputpowerof18MW.Thispaperincludesadetailedenergyanalysisofthecombinedsystem.Massandenergybalancesareperformednotonlyforthewholeplantbutalsoforeachcomponentinordertoevaluatethethermalefficiencyofthecombinedcycle.Inaddition,theeffectsofusingnaturalgasasafuelonthefuelcellvoltageandperformanceareinvestigated.Ithasbeenfoundthatahighoverallefficiencyapproaching60%maybeachievedwithanoptimumconfigurationusingtheSOFCsystem.Thehybridsystemwouldalsoreduceemissions,fuelconsumption,andimprovethetotalsystemefficiency.