简介:Objective:Toinvestigatethefeasibilityoftranscanalendoscopicmyringoplastyinthehandofyoungbeginnersurgeonswhohadjustcompletedtheresidencyprogramme.Methods:Inathreeyearperiod(August2012toAugust2015),44earsin42patientswereoperateduponbyabeginnersurgeonthroughthetranscanalendoscopicapproachinasubdistrictlevelhospitallocatedinthenorthwesternrangesoftheHimalayanregion.Results:Ofthe42patient,19weremaleand23female.Themeanagewas26.23years(range:15e47years).In40ears,completeperforationclosurewasachievedatsixmonths(successrate:90.9%).ThemeanairconductionPTApreoperativelywas40.84dBHLandimprovedto28.06dBHLpostoperatively(p<.001).ThemeanABgappreoperativelywas22.40dB,whichimprovedto9.1dBpostoperatively(p<.001).Conclusion:Endoscopictranscanalmyringoplastyissafeandreliableeveninyoungbeginners'hands.Surgeonscanconsiderendoscopicapproachearlyintheircareerswithoutthefearoflearningcurve.Thecostofendoscopicequipmentisaboutonetenthascomparedtoopenapproachunderaoperatingmicroscope,andanaddedadvantage.
简介:Noisepollutionisamajorhazardousfactortohumanhealthandislikelyharmfulforvulnerablegroupssuchaspre-terminfantsunderlifesupportsysteminanintensivecareunit.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatnoiseexposureimpairschildren’slearningabilityandcognitiveperformanceandcognitivefunctionsinanimalmodelsinwhichtheeffectismainlyattributedtotheoxidantstressofnoiseonthecognitivebrain.Thepotentialroleofnoiseinducedhearingloss(NIHL),ratherthantheoxidantstress,hasalsobeenindicatedbyadepressionofneurogenesisinthehippocampuslongafterabriefnoiseexposure,whichproducesonlyatentativeoxidantstress.ItisnotclearifnoiseexposureandNIHLduringearlydevelopmentexertsalongtermimpactoncognitivefunctionandneurogenesistowardsadulthood.Inthepresentstudy,abriefnoiseexposureathighsoundlevelwasperformedinneonatalC57BL/6Jmice(15daysafterbirth)toproduceasignificantamountofpermanenthearinglossasproved2monthsafterthenoise.Atthisage,thenoise-exposedanimalsshoweddeterioratedspatiallearningandmemoryabilitiesandareductionofhippocampalneurogenesisascomparedwiththecontrol.Theaveragedhearingthresholdwasfoundtobestronglycorrelatedwiththescoresforspatiallearningandmemory.Weconsidertheeffectsobservedarelargelyduetothelossofhearingsensitivity,ratherthantheoxidantstress,duetothelongintervalbetweennoiseexposureandtheobservations.
简介:Managingmicrotiapatientsisalwaysachallenge.Multidisciplinaryapproach,goodfamilysupport,wellestablisheddoctorepatientrelationshipandwellorganisedpatient-supportgroupsaretheessentialelementsforsuccess.Withtheadvancementofimplantablehearingdevices,moreoptionswillbeavailableforthemicrotiapatients.Otologistsplayaleadingroleinthewholemanagementprocess.Theynotonlyprovideproperguidancetothepatientsinchoosingthecorrectpathofthetreatment,butalsoplayakeyroleinorganisingandmaintainingacosteffectivemultidisciplinaryrehabilitationteamforthemicrotiapatients.
简介:Applicationofsurgicalendoscope,usedaloneorincombinationwiththesurgicalmicroscope,fortheoperativemanagementofearandtemporalboneconditionsmayallowimprovedaccessandclearanceofdisease.Preservationofnormalstructuresmayalsobeimproved.Astheuseofthistoolisincreasing,theneedforbetterunderstandingoftheanatomyoftheearisbecomingevident.Thisisparticularlysoforendoscopicsurgeryaimingatremovaloflesionsinvolvingtheinfra-cochlearcorridorand/orpetrousapex.Humantemporalbone-derivedlabyrinthcasts(molds),originallymadeforendolymphaticductandsacanalysiswhichgenuinelyrepresentthemembranouslabyrinthanditsadjacentsofttissues,weremorphometricallyanalyzedintermsoftheanatomicrelationsbetweenstructuresinandaroundtheinfra-cochlearcorridor.Thedistancebetweenthepetrouscarotidartery(PCA)andthebasalturnofthecochlea,thedistancebetweenPCAandinfra-cochlearvein(ICV)/cochlearaqueduct(CA),andthedistancebetweenthelowersurfaceofbasalcochlearturnandthepointwherethecarotidarteryandjugularvein(JV)meetclosetothejugularforamen,weremeasuredtobearound1.3mm,6mmand8mmrespectively,thusconstitutinganapproximate68mm2infra-cochlearcorridor.Thisanalysisandfurtherstudywithlargersamplesmightbehelpfulforoperationviathiscorridorledtothepetrousapexwherecholesterolgranuloma,cholesteatomaandotherlesionsarenotuncommon.
简介:目的构建含有人E2F2基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因(pEGFP)的腺病毒载体,为聋病的基因治疗奠定实验基础。方法根据已知的E2F2基因序列设计并合成相应的双链DNA,将其与酶切线性化的pDC315-EGFP载体片段连接,构建穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2,并将其与腺病毒骨架质粒pBHGlox△E1,3Cre共转染HEK293细胞,同源重组产生重组腺病毒。对重组腺病毒进行扩增、纯化及滴度测定,用聚合酶链反应和测序方法验证穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2穿梭质粒的构建;通过荧光显微镜和Westernblot(蛋白质印迹)方法,分别检测质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2和重组腺病毒表达E2F2蛋白情况。结果经聚合酶链反应鉴定和测序分析,证实穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2与设计一致;经荧光显微镜检测,分别由穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2、重组腺病毒转染的HEK293细胞均可观察到GFP表达;经WesternBlot检测出在72kDa~95kDa处有条特征带,其大小和E2F2-GFP融合蛋白(~76kDa)相吻合;滴度测定为1×1011PFU/ml(PFU,plaqueformingunit,空斑形成单位)。结论成功构建了人E2F2基因重组腺病毒载体,并能在HEK293细胞中表达。
简介:目的建立在大型哺乳动物-猪体内植入电子耳蜗的方法,观察电子耳蜗植入前后听功能变化。方法荣昌猪6只,雌雄不限,40-45日龄,体重8~12Kg,均选自重庆畜牧科学院养猪研究所。分为听力正常组(Mitf+/+),与突变耳聋组(Mitf-/-),每组3只。在全麻下进行电子耳蜗植入术。于手术前,手术后即刻以及手术后1周记录听性脑干反应(AuditoryBrainstemResponse,ABR),和电刺激脑干诱发电位(ElectricalAuditoryBrainstemResponse,EABR);头颅X片观察电极植入位置。结果6只动物电子耳蜗植入手术成功,耳蜗电极位置正确,在耳蜗内盘绕1.5~1.75圈。电子耳蜗植入即刻,手术侧(右耳)各频率ABR阈值在120dBSPL无法引出;手术后7天,手术侧(右耳),低频ABR阈值在100dBSPL左右,高频在120dBSPL仍无法引出。听力正常荣昌猪组(Mitf+/+),电子耳蜗植入手术即刻及一周后EABR阈值在90CL左右,明显低于突变耳聋荣昌猪组(Mitf-/-)的190CL。结论本研究建立的荣昌猪电子耳蜗植入方法确实可行,通过植入电极进行EABR测试方法设计合理。为更加直接地研究电子耳蜗植入设备在体内的工作状态和各项数据,研究电极植入后耳蜗的生理病理改变创造了条件。
简介:目的探讨听力损失对脑葡萄糖代谢活动的影响.方法对12例有听力损失但无耳鸣患者进行正电子发射断层成像(PET)研究,其中2例双耳全聋,10例双耳中度聋.分别在静息(视听封闭)和声刺激(2kHz短纯音130dBSPL)条件下进行PET成像.与13例听力正常者在静息条件下和4例听力正常者在声刺激条件下的PET作对照.PET示踪剂为18F标记的去氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG).用专门统计分析软件(SPM)以及感兴趣区技术(ROI)进行统计分析.结果2例全聋患者的听皮层葡萄糖代谢活动显著低于正常人(P<0.001),而视皮层及体感皮层的代谢活动显著高于正常人(P<0.001).另10例听力下降患者的听皮层代谢活动低于正常人(P<0.05),声刺激后听皮层兴奋区域显著大于正常人(P<0.001).提示听力下降引起听皮层神经元葡萄糖代谢活动的相应下降,但与听力下降相邻频率的声刺激却引起相应听皮层的代谢活动的显著增加,而且兴奋区域扩大.表明听皮层发生了功能重组.全聋患者的结果提示,视觉功能显著增强了,这是系统间功能重组的重要证据.结论PET作为新型脑功能成像仪器,为研究听觉与脑功能提供了新方法,为听系功能重组和中枢神经系统的可塑性提供了有力证据.
简介:目的探讨区角活动对听障儿童学习能力发展的影响。方法选取30名4~5岁听障儿童(教改班和非教改班各15名),在教改班开展4个月的区角活动,非教改班不开展区角活动。区角活动前后,对所有听障儿童进行希一内学习能力评估中的摆方木、折纸和看图联想3项测试。随机选取15名4~5岁健听儿童,同样进行上述3项测试。采用SPSS19.0统计软件进行数据分析。同时通过访谈法对被试的家长和教师进行调查。结果参与区角活动的听障儿童在摆方木、折纸和看图联想3个方面与未参与区角活动的听障儿童存在显著性差异(P〈0.05);未参与区角活动的听障儿童与健听儿童存在极为显著的差异(P〈0.01)。结论开展区角活动对提升听障儿童的学习能力有明显作用,有助于逐渐缩小听障儿童与健听儿童的差距。