简介：BACKGROUND:Mailuoning,aChineseherb,hasbeenwidelyusedinChinatotreatacuteischemicstroke,andthemajorcomponentexhibitsanti-oxidativeeffects.However,thepreciseanti-oxidationpathwayremainsuncertain.OBJECTIVE:TovalidatetheprotectiveeffectsofMailuoningonH2O2-inducedprimarycorticalneuroninjuryinembryonicmice.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:ComparativeobservationandinvitroexperimentswereperformedattheJiangsuKeyLaboratoryforMolecularMedicinefromJanuary2008toSeptember2009.MATERIALS:Mailuoning(NanjingJinlingMedicalCompany,China),reactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)kit(BeyotimeBiotechnology,China),superoxidedismutase(SOD),Cu/ZnSODkit,malondialdehyde(MDA)kits(NanjingJiancheng,China),mitochondrialmembranepotential(GMS10013.1,GENMED,USA)andcatalaseactivityassaykit(BeyotimeBiotechnology,China)wereutilizedforthepresentstudy.METHODS:MouseembryoniccorticalneuronswereisolatedandculturedwithculturemediumcontainingH2O2(80μmol/L)and/orMailuoning(1.25μg/mL)for24hours.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Neuronalviabilityanddeathweredetectedbymethylthiazolyltetrazdiumandflowcytometry;ROSproductionwasdeterminedbyflowcytometry;mitochondrialmembranepotentialwasdetectedusingfluorescentstaining;SODactivitywasdetectedusingamodifiednitrobluetetrazoliummethod;Cu/ZnSODandcatalaseactivitywasdetectedbyspectrophotometry;andMDAwasdeterminedusingthelipidperoxidationmethod.RESULTS:H2O2increasedROSproductionandMDAconcentration(P<0.05),anddecreasedmitochondrialmembranepotential,SOD,Cu/ZnSODandcatalaseactivity(P<0.05);thenumberofsurvivingneurons(P<0.05)wasalsoreduced.Mailuoningreversedthesechanges.CONCLUSION:MailuoningprotectsH2O2-inducedinjuryincorticalcellsbyinhibitingROSandMDA,increasingdepolarizationofmitochondrialmembrane,andenhancingSODandcatalaseactivity.

简介：目的研究刺五加多糖（ASPS）对H2O2诱导的海马神经元凋亡的影响及其机制。方法采用H2O2诱导大鼠海马神经元凋亡。采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP原位切口末端标记法检测细胞凋亡率、免疫组化法检测caspase-3蛋白的表达、逆转录PCR法检测caspase-3mRNA的表达。结果H2O2作用后,海马神经元凋亡率、caspase-3蛋白和mRNA表达水平均显著增高（P〈0.05）;给予ASPS干预后,均显著下降（P〈0.05）;而且,随ASPS剂量增加,作用效果显著增强（P〈0.05）。结论ASPS具有抑制氧化应激损伤诱导神经细胞凋亡作用,其机制与下调caspase-3mRNA的表达有关。

简介：MitochondrialK+-ATP(mito-KATP)channelsplayanimportantroleincellularfunctionandsurvivalfollowingischemicstress.Thepresentresultsrevealedthatinterventionwithdiazoxide,amito-KATPchannelopener,ledtoanincreaseinBcl-2expressioninthecerebralcortexofratssubjectedtocerebralischemiareperfusioninjury.Inaddition,theinterventionalsoledtoclearimprovementsinneuronalmitochondrialmorphologyandconsciousnesspost-injury.Glibenclamide,amito-KATPchannelblocker,exhibitedtheconverseeffects.Bothdiazoxideandglibenclamideexerteddose-dependenteffects(inparticular,at18mg/kgdiazoxideand25mg/kgglibenclamide).Thesefindingssuggestthatdiazoxideexertsaneuroprotectiveeffectoncerebralischemiareperfusioninjurybyopeningmito-KATPchannelsandupregulatingBcl-2expression.

简介：目的探讨MMP-2和TIMP-2与胶质瘤侵袭性及恶性表型之间的关系及其意义.方法采用Elivision二步免疫组织化学法染色观察MMP-2和TIMP-2在46例不同恶性度胶质瘤及10例正常脑组织中的表达并用德国LeicaQ550cw图像分析系统测其灰度值作为表达强度的量化指标.结果在对照组、低度及高度恶性胶质瘤中,MMP-2的阳性表达率分别为10%、63.6%和95.8%;在对照组、低度及高度恶性胶质瘤中,TIMP-2的阳性表达率分别为10%、36.3%和37.5%.MMP-2在Ⅰ、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ级胶质瘤中平均灰度值分别为173.27±13.26和98.63±18.20;TIMP-2在Ⅰ、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ级胶质瘤中平均灰度值分别为210.44±12.95和205.65±9.75.结论MMP-2表达随胶质瘤恶性程度增加而增强,可作为胶质瘤恶性表型及侵袭性指标之一.TIMP-2表达在正常脑组织及不同级别胶质瘤中无明显差异.MMP-2/TIMP-2的比值与胶质瘤侵袭性密切相关.

简介：BACKGROUND:Previousstudieshaveshownthatthemitochondrialstructureandfunctionaredamagedinanimalmodelsofepilepsy.Inaddition,theBcl-2proteiniscapableofregulatingmitochondrialstability.OBJECTIVE:ToobserveandvalidatechangesinmitochondrialstructureandBcl-2expression,andtoanalyzethesecharacteristicsinthehippocampalCA3regionofratmodelsofepilepsy.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Thisrandomized,controlled,animalexperimentwasperformedattheLaboratoryofElectronMicroscopyandDepartmentofHistologyandEmbryology,LuzhouMedicalCollegebetween2007and2008.MATERIALS:CoriamyrtinwasprovidedbythePharmacyFactoryofWestChinaUniversityofMedicalSciences.TheprimaryandsecondaryantibodieswereprovidedbyZhongshanGoldenbridgeBiotechnology,Beijing.METHODS:Atotalof44adult,male,SpragueDawleyratswererandomlydividedintocontrol(n=11)andepilepsy(n=33)groups.Ratsintheepilepsygroupwereinducedbycoriamyrtin(50μg/kg),whichwasinjectedintothelateralventricles.Theratswerethenobservedat3,6,and24hoursafterepilepsyinduction,with11ratsateachtimepoint.Epilepsywasnotinducedinratsfromthecontrolgroup.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:PathologicalchangesinthehippocampalCA3regionwereobservedbylightmicroscopy;Bcl-2expressionwasanalyzedbyimmunohistochemistry;andmitochondrialchangesinthehippocampuswereobservedundertransmissionelectronmicroscopy.RESULTS:(1)ThecontrolgroupdisplayedverylittleBcl-2proteinexpressioninthehippocampalCA3region.However,after3hoursofepilepsy,expressionwasvisible.By6hours,expressionpeakedandthensubsequentlydecreasedafter24hours,butremainedhigherthanthecontrolgroup(P<0.05).(2)Mitochondriaweredamagedtovaryingdegreesintheepilepsygroups.Forexample,mitochondriaedema,cristaespaceincrease,anddisappearanceofmitochondriawereapparent.Moreover,mitochondrialdamageoccurredpriortopathologicalchangesintheneuronsandnucleolus.CONCLUSION:

简介：RolesofKeap1-Nrf2pathwayinbrain:NeuronalsurvivalandneurogenesisareimpairedinneurodegenerativediseasessuchasParkinson’sdiseaseandAlzheimer’sdisease(Winneretal.,2011).Geneticup-regulationofgrowthfactorsenhancedneuronalsurvivalandneurogenesis,improvedneuronalfunctionsandhalteddiseaseprogressioninanimalmodelsofAlzheimer’sdisease

简介：目的探讨小鼠脑室管膜bcl-2和caspase-3在低氧预适应中的表达变化。方法将Blb／c近交系小鼠随机分为空白对照组（H0组）、低氧对照组（H1组）和低氧预适应组（H4组）。用免疫荧光和激光共聚焦显微镜等技术，测定bcl-2和caspase-3表达的荧光强度。结果H1和H4组的bcl-2表达均显著高于H0组，其中H4组又显著高于H1组。H1和H4组caspase-3的表达显著高于H0组，H4组显著低于H1组。结论低氧预适应过程中，小鼠脑室管膜区通过bcl-2的高表达和caspase-3的低表达，抵御室管膜细胞凋亡，参与脑保护机制。

简介：目的总结椎管内巨大脂肪瘤的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析2例椎管内巨大脂肪瘤病人的临床资料,采用后正中入路行椎管内肿瘤切除术。结果2例肿瘤次全切,病理检查均为脂肪瘤。术后1个月、3个月进行随访,病人恢复良好。结论椎管内脂肪瘤手术全切难度较大,以脊髓减压为目的行次全切手术可收获良好的短期预后。

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简介：目的探讨细胞周期素(cyelin)D1／D2／D3在大鼠脑胶质瘤动物模型肿瘤组织中的表达。方法将体外培养大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞(细胞数为3×10^5个)，借助动物立体定向仪接种于Wistar大鼠左侧尾状核区，解剖标本，行组织病理学检查，胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫组化定性监测。随后检测肿瘤组织中cyclinD1／D2／D3蛋白表达。结果cyclinD1／D2／D3均呈阳性表达。cyclinD1／D3主要在细胞核表达；cyclinD2则主要在胞浆表达，部分细胞核呈阳性，不同存活期荷瘤鼠其瘤组织中cyclinD1／D2／D3表达量不同。结论cyelinD1／D2／D3的过分表达，对大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞增殖的失控起着一定的调节作用。荷瘤鼠生存期与cyclinD族的表达量呈负相关关系。

简介：目的探讨cyclinD1／D2／D3在大鼠脑胶质瘤组织中的表达。方法将体外培养的大鼠C6胶质瘤细胞（细胞数为3×10^5个）借助动物立体定向仪接种于Wistar大鼠左侧尾状核区，解剖标本，行组织病理学检查及GFAP、cyclinD1／D2／D3免疫组化检测。结果cyclinD1／D2／D3均呈阳性表达。cyclinD1／D3主要在细胞胞核表达，cyclinD2主要在胞浆表达，部分在胞核表达，不同存活期荷瘤鼠瘤组织中cyclinD1／D2／D3表达量不同。结论cyclinD1／D2／D3过分表达参与调节大鼠脑胶质瘤增殖。荷瘤鼠生存期与cyclinD家族蛋白的表达呈负相关关系。

简介：Thismini-reviewpresentstheauthors'visiononthecurrentstatusandfuturetrendsinthedevelopmentofneuroprotectiveagentsworkingviaactivationofnuclearfactorerythroid2-relatedfactor2(Nrf2),andinparticular,viadisruptionofNrf2-Keaplinteraction.Therearetwoopposite'chemical'mechanismsunderlyingsuchactivation:thefirstoneisanon-specificcovalentmodificationofKeap1thiols,resultinginsideeffectsofvariedseverity,andthesecondoneistheshiftoftheNrf2-Kelch-likeECHassociatedprotein-1(Keap1)bindingequilibriuminthepresenceofacompetitiveandchemicallybenigndisplacementagent.Atthispoint,nodisplacementactivatorsexhibitsufficientbiologicalactivityincomparisonwithcommonNrf2activatorsworkingviaKeaplthiolmodification.Hence,thehopeintherapeuticsisnowlinkedtotheFDAapproveddimethylfumarate,whosederivative,monomethylfumarate,aswedemonstratedrecently,ismuchlesstoxicbutequallybiologicallypotentandanidealcandidateforclinicaltrialsrightnow.AnewlyemergingplayerisanuclearinhibitorofNrf2,BTBdomainandCNChomolog1(Bach1).ThecommerciallydevelopedBachlinhibitorsarecurrentlyunderinvestigationinourlaboratoryshowingpromisingresults.Inourviewpoint,theperfectfuturedrugwillpresentthecombinationofadisplacementactivatorandBachlinhibitortoinsuresafetyandefficiencyofNrf2activation.

简介：颅内原发性生殖细胞瘤好发于松果体区,而发生于基底节区较少见,临床上常诊断为基底节胶质瘤.该肿瘤多发生于儿童,早期诊断较为困难.近年来我科收治2例基底节区生殖细胞瘤,经治疗后效果满意.现报告如下.

简介：苯妥英(PHT)为临床上最常用的第一线抗癫痫药,但个体间对PHT代谢呈现较大差异.目前证实细胞色素氧化酶P450(CYP)2C9/19是体内参与PHT羟化的主要代谢酶.人群CYP2C9/19遗传基因呈多态性,从而引起对PHT代谢个体间较大差异,部分人群对PHT呈强代谢(EM),另一部分人群呈弱代谢(PM),了解这些知识对临床用药十分重要.本文试对该方面内容进行综述.

简介：由王保国教授和周建新教授主编的《实用呼吸机治疗学》（第2版）已于2005年10月由人民卫生出版社出版。

简介：1临床资料例1女患,42岁,以'双眼上睑下垂伴复视10日'入院,病前3日曾受凉及出现皮疹,查:神清语利,双睑下垂,双眼上视、下视、内收均受限,左眼外展见水平眼震,双瞳孔不等大,左:右=4.0:3.0mm,光反射存在,除右下肢腱反射略减弱外,余正常,头MRI示:中脑导水管处见异常长T2信号.

简介：BACKGROUND:ElectrophysiologycanprovetheintegrationofafferentinformationfromthestomachmeridianofFoot-Yangminginthenucleustractussolitarius(NTS)andobjectivelydescribethespecificassociationbetweenmeridianvesselsandZangFuorgans.OBJECTIVE:ToinvestigatetheeffectsofafferentinformationfromacupunctureatSibai(ST2)acupointonneuronaldischargeinratNTS.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Arandomized,controlled,animalexperimentwasperformedattheKeyLaboratoryofMeridian-VesselsandZangFuOrgans,TraditionalChineseMedicineUniversityofHunan,StateAdministrationofTraditionalChineseMedicine,andKeyLaboratoryofAcupuncture,Moxibustion,andtheBiologicalInformationofHunanHigherEducationInstitutes,betweenDecember2005andOctober2008.MATERIALS:Atotalof52SpragueDawleyrats,ofeithergender,aged4months,wereincludedinthisstudy.Acupunctureneedlesof0.32mm(diameter)×40mm(length)wereused.METHODS:Anextracellularrecordingprotocolwasapplied.TheSibai(ST2)acupointinthestomachmeridianofFoot-Yangmingwasusedasanacupuncturepoint(acupoint).Simultaneously,Dicang(ST4)andNetting(ST44)acupointsinthestomachmeridianofFoot-Yangming,Quanliao(SI18)acupointinthesmallintestinemeridianofHand-Taiyang,andanon-acupointlateraltoSibai(ST2)acupoint,wereselectedascontrols.TheSibai(ST2)acupointwasstimulatedfor30seconds,byhandacupuncturethroughtwirlingandrotating,todeterminetheneuronsrespondingtobodysurfacestimulationintheNTS.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:FrequencyofrespondingNTSneuronsafteracupunctureatfouracupointsincludingSibai(ST2),Dicang(ST4),Neiting(ST44)andQuanliao(SI18)andonenon-acupoint.RESULTS:ThefrequencyofrespondingNTSneuronswassignificantlyhigherafteracupunctureatSibaithanatcontrolsitesincludingtheDicang(ST4),Netting(ST44)andQuanliao(SI18)acupointsandatthenon-acupoint(P<0.01).ThefrequencyofrespondingNTSneuronsatDicang(ST4)andQuanliao(SI

简介：嗅神经母细胞瘤临床少见，文献报道较少，我院于2002年3月-2003年3月收治2例颅鼻沟通型嗅神经母细胞瘤（olfactoryneuroblastomas，ONB），结合文献报道如下。

简介：神经症(neuroses)旧称神经官能症,随着精神医学的发展,人们对这一大组疾病的认识在不断加深,在病因、发病机理、分类及治疗方面的研究都有了长足的进步,但在对这组疾病的认识上,仍存在着很多分岐,焦点恐怕在癔症的分类学位点问题,即癔症是神经症,抑或不是神经症,如何来为神经症设计定义.当前我国正在准备进一步修订CCMD系统,作者准备就神经症的定义谈一下粗浅意见.