基于话题主线复习的中考英语分层作业设计实践

基于话题主线复习的中考英语分层作业设计实践

卫丽娟

广州市番禺区北新正华学校

摘要:在英语中考复习备考中，很多教师会根据话题主线，重新编排整合初中阶段6本书内容，进行第一轮复习，作业布置也只是简单完成教辅资料上对应话题的习题。而目前市面上的中考英语复习资料有关话题复习部分在练习题的设计上只是简单地堆砌教材单元词汇默写和往年各区模拟题，缺乏整体性，关联性，层次性，创新性和情境化。作业是课堂教学的延伸，是学生提升学科核心素养的重要途径。教师应根据不同层次学生的认知特点和学习需求，基于话题教学目标，兼顾个体差异，整体设计话题作业，把握好作业内容，难度和数量，使学生形成积极的情感体验，提升自我效能感。

关键词：中考英语；话题主线；分层作业

一、基于话题主线复习的中考英语分层作业设计的必要性

《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》中指出：“提高作业设计质量。发挥作业诊断、巩固、学情分析等功能，将作业设计纳入教研体系，系统设计符合学生年龄特点和学习规律、体现素质教育导向的基础性作业。鼓励布置分层、弹性和个性化作业。”

《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》(以下简称《课标》)指出，教师应根据不同学段学生的认知特点和学习需求，基于单元教学目标，兼顾个体差异，整体设计单元作业，把握好作业内容，难度和数量，使学生形成积极的情感体验，提升自我效能感。教师应创设真实的学习情景，建立课堂所学和学生生活的关联，设计复习巩固类，拓展延伸类和综合实践类等多种类型作业。教师应明确作业要求，必要时可以给出示例。教师还要对学生作业进行跟踪评价，不仅关注学生是否改正了作业的错误，还要关注学生成长进步的过程，以及良好习惯和态度的养成。

因此，教师应深入理解作业的育人功能，坚持以能力为重、素养为导向。在设计话题复习过程中，教师要根据学生实际语言水平及“最近发展区”，整体设计话题作业并拆分形成课时作业。作业的设计既要有利于学生巩固语言知识和技能，又要有利于促进学生有效运用策略，增强学生学习动机。

二、基于话题主线复习的中考英语作业设计的原则

（一）主题意义整体性

教师应基于话题主题意义，从整体出发，规划作业内容、作业类型、作业水平和作业时间。话题作业目标要基于话题教学目标来设计，逐条分析教学目标，确定哪些目标通过作业来巩固，整体设计作业水平，确定作业形式、作业时间等，并根据课时教学目标将这些作业合理分配到具体课时。

（二）学生能力分层性

教师应根据学生的认知特点和学习需求，基于单元教学目标，兼顾个体差异，把握好作业的内容，难度和数量。话题作业设计要为学生提供可选择性的作业，以更好地满足不同学生的个性化需求。如针对同一教学目标，设计不同水平的作业供学生选择。

（三）内容形式多样性

按作业的完成形式，可以分为个人作业、结对和小组作业三种形式。其中个人作业是最常见的，最重要的的作业形式。结对和小组作业一般来说每个话题各设计一条。按作业的目标，一般包含听力作业、口头作业和书面作业。设计话题作业时，教师要综合考虑各种作业类型和形式，既要考虑作业的目标，也要兼顾作业的完成形式，避免单一的书面作业而忽视听力作业和口头作业；也不能片面地强调个人完成作业形式，要适当考虑结对或小组合作完成作业形式，调动学生完成作业的积极性。

三、基于话题主线复习的中考英语分层作业设计的实践

（一）重新归纳主题，整合话题单元

有关活动类的书面表达是近几年中考题与各区模拟题的热门考点，该话题贴近学生现实生活，易于创设情境，能在具体情境中考查学生的语言综合运用能力。由此，笔者以“校园活动”为话题主线，将7上U7 School clubs  Listening:School clubs ，8上U5 Educational exchanges  Reading: An exchange visit is educational and interesting! 和8上U8 English week Reading: English: fun for life  Writing: A notice for English Week 整合在一起。（话题整合见表1）。

(表1：话题整合 以沪教版初中《英语》为例)

（二）设计话题主线统领目标，课时总数与作业总数

根据话题主线“school activities”设计以下话题目标：通过浏览8A U8Writing书本上的蛛网图，复习常见校园活动名称（Games, A play, A book fair, Competitions）;通过听力练习（7AU7Listening）回顾介绍校园活动时应该包含哪些方面（Name of the activity活动名称，organizer of the activity活动组织者，time of the activity活动时间，place of the activity活动地点，content of the activity活动内容）;通过阅读8AU5 Reading 8A U8 Reading 两篇文章掌握如何具体介绍校园活动（1. What did you do in the school activity? 2. How did you feel after the activity?/ What have you learnt from the activity? ）;完成一篇以“校园活动”为主题的作文。（话题统领目标，课时总数与作业总数见表2）

（表2：话题统领目标，课时总数与作业总数）

（三）设计话题主线作业项目表

该话题整体设计3个课时与10条作业。其中各课时对应话题目标，作业内容，作业类型，组织形式与作业评价方式如下作业项目表（详见表3）。

（表3：作业项目表）

（四）话题主线课时作业实践案例（以课时1作业设计为例）

基于话题主线的统领目标，课时1作业设计如下：作业1背诵以“校园活动”为主题的词汇和作业2运用词汇描述活动图片，这两条作业体现内容的基础性，关联性和主题意义的整体性。作业3 听力练习，围绕校园活动，设计听选信息，听写信息，回答问题，难度依次增大。作业4围绕同一教学目标，设计不同水平的作业，供学生选择。这两条作业充分考虑学生能力分层性。同时作业的形式多样包含口头，听力和书面。

1. Read and remember the following words and phrases.朗读，背诵以下单词和词组（5mins）

2. Choose the phrases above to match the pictures.

从以上的词组中选择合适的与下面图片匹配(1min)

3. Listening Practice.听力练习 (8mins)

A. Listen to a conversation twice and choose the right answer. 听对话两遍，选择正确答案。

(1)When do they have the conversation?

A．In the morning.B．In the afternoon.C．In the evening.

(2)How often will a learner go to the class?

A．Once a week.B．Twice a week.C．Three times a week.

(3)How much will a member of the chess club pay for all the lesson?

A．900 yuan.B．450 yuan.C．50 yuan.

B. Listen to a short passage and fill in the blanks.听短文两遍，根据所听内容和思维导图补全短文。

Hello, everybody! Do you want to (4) your English in a short time? Wonder English Club is a good place for you. We have a good (5) for you to study in. And we have many (6) teachers to teach you.

Here is some information about our club. Our courses start on July 3rd, and end on August 30th. Classes meet every Monday and Friday, from 7 to 9 in the evening. If you want to take the course, please come to my office a week before classes begin. You have to (7) in a form. The courses include (8), written English, conversation and listening skills. If you want to know more about the course, please call me at 8223415. I’m Ann. Thank you.

3. Listen to a notice and write down your answer.听一段独白通知两遍，回答问题。

（9）When will the Students from an international school come?

（10）Where will Class One plant tomatoes ?

（11）How many international students are with Class Two from 2:00 to 4:00?

（12）What will all the students will do together in the dining hall in the end?

4. Read a letter written by a mom and fill in the blanks. 分层作业（难度依次递增）

读一封妈妈的信，完成空白的地方.（5mins）(请根据自己的能力水平从A,B,C选一题完成)

1. Read a letter written by a mom and choose the word from the box tofill in the blanks.

One word once only. Change the form if necessary.

根据短文语境提示，从方框中选择合适的单词填空，注意形式变化，每词用一次。（5mins）

My dear daughter,

You have finished junior high school, and before you go to senior high, as your mom and a businesswoman, here are some（1） for you.

Join clubs

Take part in some after-school（2） that benefit you. If you don’t join any club, you will be just going to classes and then going home. Being in a club makes you more social and can also help you to make friends with the people who share the same hobbies as you. That will make a difference to your life.

Adjust（调整）your goal     

It’s true that dreams come true（3） hard work, but sometimes you need to adjust your goal. Maybe I am a good example.

In high school, I dreamt of working in a hospital. However, when I grew up, I discovered what I really loved was business. As a result, I didn’t become a doctor.（4）, I became the head of a trade company. Now I run a successful company that I started on my own.

Face failure bravely

I won’t tell you to feel good about failure, because failure is heartbreaking. However, I will tell you that every failure made me become a much（5） person than before. We fail in our daily lives now and then. What matters most is not the failure itself but the way we choose to face it.

When I was your age,（6） the big math exam in high school really made me upset because I had to give up my spare time to summer school. With much hard work, I never failed an exam again. At that time,（7） I was heart-broken, I never gave up. If you can’t change the result, what you need to do is to accept it and try to turn bad luck into a good thing.

I am proud to be a great example to you as a mom and a businesswoman. I hope you believe that you can be（8） you want to be and you can have everything on your list. It will be my pleasure to watch your life bloom before my eyes.

Yours

Mom

B. Read a letter written by a mom and fill in the blanks with proper word. One word each blank.根据短文语境提示填空，一空一词。

My dear daughter,

You have finished junior high school, and before you go to senior high, as your mom and a businesswoman, here are some （1）s for you.

Join clubs

Take part in some after-school （2）a that benefit you. If you don’t join any club, you will be just going to classes and then going home. Being in a club makes you more social and can also help you to make friends with the people who share the same hobbies as you. That will make a difference to your life.

Adjust（调整）your goal     

It’s true that dreams come true（3）t hard work, but sometimes you need to adjust your goal. Maybe I am a good example.

In high school, I dreamt of working in a hospital. However, when I grew up, I discovered what I really loved was business. As a result, I didn’t become a doctor.（4）I, I became the head of a trade company. Now I run a successful company that I started on my own.

Face failure bravely

I won’t tell you to feel good about failure, because failure is heartbreaking. However, I will tell you that every failure made me become a much（5）b person than before. We fail in our daily lives now and then. What matters most is not the failure itself but the way we choose to face it.

When I was your age,（6）f the big math exam in high school really made me upset because I had to give up my spare time to summer school. With much hard work, I never failed an exam again. At that time,（7）t I was heart-broken, I never gave up. If you can’t change the result, what you need to do is to accept it and try to turn bad luck into a good thing.

I am proud to be a great example to you as a mom and a businesswoman. I hope you believe that you can be（8）a you want to be and you can have everything on your list. It will be my pleasure to watch your life bloom before my eyes.

Yours

Mom

3. Read a letter written by a mom and fill in the blanks with proper word. One word each  

blank.根据短文语境提示填空，一空一词。

My dear daughter,

You have finished junior high school, and before you go to senior high, as your mom and a businesswoman, here are some （1） for you.

Join clubs

Take part in some after-school （2） that benefit you. If you don’t join any club, you will be just going to classes and then going home. A. Being in a club makes you more social and can also help you to make friends with the people who share the same hobbies as you. B. That will make a difference to your life.

Adjust（调整）your goal     

It’s true that dreams come true （3） hard work, but sometimes you need to adjust your goal. Maybe I am a good example.

In high school, I dreamt of working in a hospital. However, when I grew up, I discovered what I really loved was business. As a result, I didn’t become a doctor. （4）, I became the head of a trade company. Now I run a successful company that I started on my own.

Face failure bravely

I won’t tell you to feel good about failure, because failure is heartbreaking. However, I will tell you that every failure made me become a much （5） person than before. We fail in our daily lives now and then. C.

What matters most is not the failure itself but the way we choose to face it.

When I was your age, （6） the big math exam in high school really made me upset because I had to give up my spare time to summer school. With much hard work, I never failed an exam again. At that time, （7） I was heart-broken, I never gave up. If you can’t change the result, what you need to do is to accept it and try to turn bad luck into a good thing.

I am proud to be a great example to you as a mom and a businesswoman. I hope you believe that you can be （8） you want to be and you can have everything on your list. It will be my pleasure to watch your life bloom before my eyes.

Yours

Mom

Translate the underlined sentences.(optional 选做)

四、结语

在开展基于话题主线的英语中考复习教学时，教师需要充分解读《课标》与教材内容，要对教材进行重新挖掘和整合，创造性地重组教材中的话题，设计具有整体性、关联性、发展性的话题主线统领教学目标。同时根据话题主线统领教学目标，教师要整体设计作业并拆分形成课时作业，作业的设计要针对学生能力差异，布置不同水平和形式的作业。

参考文献：

[1]教育部.义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)[S].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2022.

[2]上海市教育委员会教学研究室.初中英语单元教学设计指南[M]人民教育出版社,2021

[3]黄海东.基于话题主线开展中考英语复习教学的实践[J]教学月刊·中学版2017(7): 

94-99

[4]林雪玲.例谈基于语篇设计的中考英语复习教学实践[J]英语教师.2021（8）：126-133