简介:AbstractBackground:The elimination of Plasmodium vivax malaria requires 8-aminoquinolines, which are contraindicated in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency due to the risk of acute haemolytic anaemia. Several point-of-care devices have been developed to detect G6PD deficiency. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of two of these devices against G6PD genotypes in Mauritania.Methods:Outpatients were screened for G6PD deficiency using CareStart™ rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and CareStart™ G6PD biosensor in Nouakchott, Mauritania, in 2019-2020. African-type and Mediterranean-type G6PD genotypes commonly observed in Africa were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. Qualitative variables were compared using Fisher’s exact test.Results:Of 323 patients (74 males and 249 females), 5 males and 2 homozygous females had the African-type A-genotype: A-(202) in 3 males and 2 females and G6PD A-(968) in 2 males. Among heterozygous females, 13 carried G6PD A-(202), 12 G6PD A-(968), and 3 G6PD A-(542) variants. None had the Mediterranean-type G6PD genotype. Eight had a positive G6PD RDT result, including all 7 hemizygous males and homozygous females with A- or A-A- (0.12 to 2.34 IU/g haemoglobin, according to G6PD biosensor), but RDT performed poorly (sensitivity, 11.1% at the cutoff level of < 30%) and yielded many false negative tests. Thirty-seven (50.0%) males and 141 (56.6%) females were anaemic. The adjusted median values of G6PD activity were 5.72 and 5.34 IU/g haemoglobin in non-anaemic males (n = 35) and non-anaemic males and females (n = 130) with normal G6PD genotypes using G6PD biosensor, respectively. Based on the adjusted median of 5.34 IU/g haemoglobin, the performance of G6PD biosensor against genotyping was as follows: at 30% cut-off, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 91.7%, respectively, and at 80% cut-off, the sensitivity was 100% while the specificity was 64.9%.Conclusions:Although this pilot study supports the utility of biosensor to screen for G6PD deficiency in patients, further investigation in parallel with spectrophotometry is required to promote and validate a more extensive use of this point-of-care device in areas where P. vivax is highly prevalent in Mauritania.
简介:摘要:随着我国社会的进步,经济发展的主要区域在城市,而城市的土地资源和容量是有限的,既要不断推进城市的发展建设,又要保证城市能够满足社会的生产需求和人们的发展需要,就必须在城市发展的过程中提升城市的功能性,这就催生了越来越多兼具让城市的建筑突出商业性、居住性、服务性、休闲娱乐性、办公性的城市综合体。而城市建筑在建设的过程中,燃气管井的分布、施工随着地上地下复杂性的提高变得愈发困难,给设计增加了难度,容易在后期燃气运营中出现问题,这就需要借助燃气在运营中的问题进行分析和讨论,从而帮助对燃气管井内进燃气设计的优化。
简介:摘要:把燃气安全地、不间断地供给所有用户是城市燃气管网运行管理的基本任务,因此,应经常对燃气管道及附属设备检查、维修,保证燃气设施完好,迅速消除燃气管网中出现的漏气、损坏和故障。