简介:Webuiltathree-dimensionalmodeltosimulatethedisturbanceofthestressfieldnearthereversefaultinZhaziao,LeyiTownshipowingtohydraulicfracturing.Theporepressure,andshearandnormalstressesduringfracturingareanalyzedindetail.Inputrockmechanicsparametersaretakenfromlaboratorytestdataofshalesamplesfromthestudyarea.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatafter16hoursoffluidinjection,thepore-pressurevariationcanactivatethereversefault,i.e.,weobservereverseslip,andtheshearstressanddisplacementonthefaultplaneincreasewithtime.Thebiggeststress–strainchangeoccursafteronehouroffluidinjectionandtheyieldpointappearsabout0.5hafterinjection.Toobservethestressevolutionineachsection,thenormaldisplacementontheboundaryisconstrainedandthefaultplaneissetasnonpermeable.Thus,theslidingislimitedandthesheardisplacementisonlyinthescaleofmillimeters,andthecalculatedmagnitudeoftheinducedearthquakesisbetweenMw-3.5andMw-0.2.Thesimulationresultssuggestthatfluidwaterinjectionresultsininhomogeneousfracturing.Themainrupturedareasarearoundtheinjectionpositions,whereastheextentofrupturingandcracksinotherareasarerelativelysmall.Nevertheless,nonnegligiblefaultactivationisrecorded.Sensitivityanalysisofthekeyparameterssuggeststhattheporepressureismostsensitivetothemaximumunbalancedforceandtheinternalfrictionanglestronglyaffectsthefaultslip.Finally,thecomparisonbetweentheeffectivenormalstressandthemaximumandminimumprincipalstressesonthefaultplaneexplainsthefaultinstability,i.e.,theMohrcirclemovestowardstheleftwithdecreasingradiusreducesandintersectsthecriticalslipenvelope,andcausesthefaulttoslip.
简介:ThevariationsintheEarth’srotationareimportanttospacedynamictheoryandnaturaldisastersbecausetheyaffectthelength-of-day(LOD)andconsequentlyhumanlives.Weusemaximumentropymethod(MEM),Lombmethod(LOMB),andphasedispersionminimization(PDM)todeterminethenaturalperiodsofequallyspacedLODtimeseries.WetransformtheobservationalmonthlyLODtimeseries(LODM)tounequallysampledseries(LODMD)byremovingeveryfourth,third,andhalfofthetotalsamples.WealsoapplysplineinterpolationtoLODMDtoyieldequallyspacedtimeseries(LODMDN).Theresultssuggestthatregardlessofthetimeseries,theMEMfrequencyis0.1660month^-1and0.0840month^-1,whereasLOMBandPDMyield0.166month^-1and0.083month^-1,respectively.Furthermore,missingdatathatarelessthanhalfofthetotaldataorsplineinterpolationdonotaffecttheanalysis.Fortheamplitude,neithermissingdatanorsplineinterpolationaffecttheanalysis.
简介:利用陕西省自动气象站逐日气温资料、NCEP/NCAR2.5°×2.5°全球再分析资料,对2017年极端高温事件进行分析,研究大气环流异常特征及成因。结果表明:在全球变暖背景下,2017年7月陕西出现的极端高温天气过程,持续时间长、极端高温强,为历史同期罕见。通过对大气环流异常的诊断分析表明,西太平洋副热带高压(简称副高)较常年偏强并显著西伸、南亚高压偏东偏北是导致2017年7月陕西出现大范围极端高温天气的直接原因。垂直下沉运动较常年异常显著,副高中心强烈的晴空辐射和深厚的下沉增温作用使整层气温持续偏高。水汽通量异常表现为北风通量,不利于水汽输送和降水天气形成,湿度条件较常年差,造成了陕西的高温少雨天气。