简介:第三产生同步加速器X光象自然材料一样为许多设计材料的微结构描述提供一个崭新的机会。这篇文章为结构的材料的学习表明三种技术的用法:微分孔的X光检查显微镜学(DAXM),三维的X光检查衍射(第3DX),和散布的同时的宽angle/small角度X光检查(蜡/萨克斯风管)。DAXM能与高空间、尖的分辨率在多晶的材料测量3D谷物结构。在使变形的材料,streaked衍射山峰能被用来在单个谷物分析本地脱臼内容。比作DAXM,第3DX能大批印射谷物材料更快速在损坏空间分辨率的情况下。当材料在变丑下面时,发展微观结构,为学习是很有用的。蜡/萨克斯风管对与不同类的结构学习材料合适,例如猛抛加强的合金。蜡和萨克斯风管揭示的结构的信息能为更深的卓见被合为材料行为。这三种技术的未来开发和应用程序将也被讨论。
简介:Intrinsiccarrierconcentration(ni)isoneofthemostimportantphysicalparametersforunderstandingthephysicsofstrainedSiandSi1-xGexmaterialsaswellasforevaluatingtheelectricalpropertiesofSi-basedstraineddevices.Uptonow,thereportonquantitativeresultsofintrinsiccarrierconcentrationinstrainedSiandSi1-xGexmaterialshasbeenstilllacking.Inthispaper,byanalyzingthebandstructureofstrainedSiandSi1-xGexmaterials,boththeeffectivedensitiesofthestatenearthetopofvalencebandandthebottomofconductionband(NcandNv)at218,330and393KandtheintrinsiccarrierconcentrationrelatedtoGefraction(x)at300KweresystematicallystudiedwithintheframeworkofKPtheoryandsemiconductorphysics.ItisfoundthattheintrinsiccarrierconcentrationinstrainedSi(001)andSi1-xGex(001)and(101)materialsat300KincreasessignificantlywithincreasingGefraction(x),whichprovidesvaluablereferencestounderstandtheSibasedstraineddevicephysicsanddesign.
简介:TheelectronicstructuresofCuS2,CuSe2andCuTe2withpyritestructures,withintheframeworkthedensity-functionaltheoryhavebeeninvestigated.ThecalculatedresultsexplainedtherecentexperimentalresultswhichshowthatthereisnoclearindicationofstrongelectroncorrelationsintheelectronicpropertiesofCupyrites,duetothedominantchalcogenpcharacterratherthandcharacteristicofCuattheFermilevel.
简介:Newvisibletransparent,UVabsorption,andhighinfraredreflectionpropertieshavebeenrealizedbydepositingmultilayerSiO2/ZnO:Al/CeO2-TiO2/SiO2filmsontoglasssubstratesatlowtemperaturebyradiofrequencymagnetronsputtering.OptimumthicknessofSiO2,ZnO:Al(ZAO)andCeO2-TiO2(CTO)filmsweredesignedwiththeaidofthinfilmdesignsoftware.Thedegreeofantireflectioncanbecontrolledbyadjustingthethicknessandrefractiveindex.TheouterSiO2filmcandiminishtheinterferencecoloringandincreasethetransparency;theinnerSiO2filmimprovestheadhesionofthecoatingontheglasssubstrateandpreventsCa2+,Na+intheglasssubstratefromenteringtheZAOfilm.Theaveragetransmittanceinthevisiblelightrangeincreasesbynearly18%-20%,ascomparedtodoublelayerZAO/CTOfilms.Andthefilmsdisplayhighinfraredreflectionrateofabove75%inthewavelengthrangeof10-25μmandgoodUVabsorption(〉98%)properties.Thesesystemsareeasytoproduceonalargescaleatlowcostandexhibithighmechanicalandchemicaldurability.ThetriplefunctionalfilmswithhighUVabsorption,antireflectiveandhighinfraredreflectionratewilladapttoapplicationinflatpaneldisplayandarchitecturalcoatingglass,automotiveglass,withdiminishinglightpollutionaswellasdecreasingeyefatigueandincreasingcomfort.
简介:Fe-0.2C-l.5Si-l.67Mn钢受到熄灭并且划分(Q&P)进程,和在在提高的划分温度的马氏体和奥氏体之间的接口移植被观察。接口迁居在constrainedparaequilibrium(用户终端设备)被排除模型。基于“端点”由用户终端设备模型预言接口移植的热力学的条件被分析,也就是说,在在铁酸盐(martenisite)和奥氏体的铁的化学势的差别生产铁原子的驱动力从一个阶段移居到另外的阶段。另外,接口迁居罐头改变奥氏体部分;作为结果,在划分温度的奥氏体部分可能在通过接口移植熄灭温度比那高,但是这现象不能被用户终端设备模型解释。
简介:CH3SiCl3(山)-H2-Ar系统被使用了原文如此与化学蒸汽免职(CVD)准备电影在这份报纸的方法。为三个方面原文如此拍摄,对生长率,表面粗糙,厚度和相对密度的一些重要影响由山一致性带了主要与运动始於西班牙的纸牌赌博carlo(KMC)被讨论了方法。模拟结果证明与不同免职温度为到山(H2/MTS)的H2的摩尔比率有某个规模。当山一致性增加时,生长率和三个方面的表面粗糙都增加关系,它表明近似线性。当增加三方面厚度的趋势显然是不同的时,三个方面的厚度也增加。尽管三个方面的相对密度都增加,增加的趋势与山一致性增加显示出小差别。
简介:Inpursuingexcellentsupercapacitorelectrodes,wedesignedaseriesofM0S2/C0S2compositesconsistingofflower-likedMoS2andoctahedron-shapedCoS2throughafacileone-stephydrothermalmethodandinvestigatedtheelectrochemicalperformanceofthesampleswithvarioushydrothermaltime.Duetothecouplingoftwometalspeciesandabigamountofwell-developedCoS2andMoS2,theresultsindicatedthattheMoS2/CoS2compositeselectrodesexhibitedthebestelectrochemicalperfor-mancewithalargespecificcapacitanceof490F/gat2mV/sor400F/gat10A/gamongallsamplesasthehydrothermaltimereached48h(MCS48).Furthermore,theretentionofMCS48is93.1%after10000cyclesat10A/g,whichmanifeststheexcellentcyclingstability.TheoutstandingelectrochemicalperformanceofMCS48indicatesthatitcouldbeaverypromisingandnovelenergystoragematerialforsupercapacitorsinthefuture.
简介:以氧化石墨、五水硝酸铋等为原料,通过液相化学沉积法制备出Bi2O3/氧化石墨烯(Bi2O3/GO)复合催化剂,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)对产物的粒子形貌、粒径和物相结构进行了表征,并考察了Bi2O3/GO复合催化剂对双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响,结果表明,产物中Bi2O3以球状粒子的形式均匀地负载在氧化石墨烯表面,平均粒径约40nm。Bi2O3/GO复合催化剂能明显改善推进剂的燃烧性能,使推进剂的燃速提高了139%f4MPa),压强指数(14~20MPa)从0.650降低至0.253,降低了61.0%。
简介:TiO_2isapromisingphotocatalyst.However,thelowphotocatalyticefficiencycallsforthemodificationofTiO_2.Metal-andnonmetal-dopingofTiO_2havebeenprovedtobeeffectivewaystoenhancephotocatalyticproperties.Thisreviewprovidesadeepinsightintotheunderstandingofthemetal-andnonmetal-dopedTiO_2photocatalysts.ThisarticlebeginswiththeintroductionofthecrystalstructuresofTiO_2andapplicationsofTiO_2materials.Wethenreviewedthedoped-TiO_2systemintwocategories:(1)metal-dopedTiO_2photocatalystssystem,and(2)nonmetal-dopedTiO_2photocatalystssystem.Bothexperimentalresultsandtheoreticalanalysesareelaboratedinthissection.Inthefollowingpart,fortheadvantagesofTiO_2thinfilmsoverparticles,variouspreparationmethodstoobtainTiO_2thinfilmsarebrieflydiscussed.Finally,thisreviewendswithaconciseconclusionandoutlookofnewtrendsinthedevelopmentofTiO_2-basedphotocatalysts.
简介:Inordertostudythestresscorrosioncracking(SCC)ofX70pipelinesteelanditsweldjointinacidsoilenvironmentofsoutheastofChina,twosimulatingmethodswereusedhere.Theonewastoobtainthebadmicrostructuresinheataffectedzonebyannealingat1300°Cfor10minandaircoolingtoroomtemperature,theotherwastogetaseriesofsimulatingsolutionsoftheacidsoilenvironment.SCCsusceptibilitiesofX70pipelinesteelsbeforeandafterbeingnormalizedinthesimulatedsolutionswerestudiedbyslowstrainratetest(SSRT)andmicrostructuralobservationoffractureareas.Potentiodynamicpolarizationcurveswereusedtostudytheelectrochemicalbehaviourofdifferentmicrostructures.SCCdoesoccurtoboththeas-receivedmaterialandnormalizedmicrostructureafterheattreatmentasthepolarizationpotentialdecreased.Hydrogenembrittlement(HE)isindicatedoccurringtoalltestedmaterialsat-850mV(vsSCE)and-1200mV(vsSCE).TheSCCmechanismsaredifferentwithinvaryingpotentialrange.Anodicdissolutionisthekeycauseaspolarizationpotentialhigherthannullcurrentpotential,andHEwillplayamoreimportantroleaspolarizationpotentiallowerthanthenullcurrentpotential.
简介:用organo听Sn(OC4H9)4作为先锋,钠dodecylsulfonate(SDS)和SDS明胶(SDS-G)象模板复杂,二听二氧化物胶体的粒子被准备由一自己组装方法。两个SnO2产品分别地与SDS-G与SDS和SnO2-C粒子被标记SnO2-B粒子,它在制作相应于SnO2-B和SnO2-C传感器的SnO2煤气的传感器被使用。X光检查衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜学(SEM),传播电子显微镜学(TEM)和thermogravimetry和不同热分析(TG/DTA)被用于描述。试验性的结果证明SnO2-B胶体的粒子由mesoporous组成像片的粒子,当SnO2-C粒子主要由球形的粒子组成时。煤气的察觉到大小证明那个SnO2-B传感器执行察觉到反应到所有目标气体的最好,包括H2,C2H5OH和液体石油气体(LPG)。特别地,SnO2-B传感器的察觉到的反应在1000潩獮的集中在H2空气在32点被完成
简介:石墨和ZrB2–SiC的氧化行为修改了石墨合成在1×105Pa空气和0.2×105PaO2。氧化测试在一个感应的加热炉子被进行。这二材料的氧化跟随了线性率法律。在2100°C的石墨和C–ZrB2–SiC的坚定的半径损失率在1×105−2和1.05×10−2%/s>Pa空气,和3.23×10−2和2.21×10在0.2×105−2%/s>PaO2,分别地。ZrB2并且原文如此的加入显著地减少了石墨的氧化率因为在氧化期间在样品表面上形成的氧化物规模在减少暴露的表面区域帮助在下面底层。在有一样的氧的二不同气氛部分压力,石墨和C–ZrB2–SiC在0.2×105PaO2比在1×105Pa空气。氧化为石墨和C–ZrB2–SiC的控制率的步被建议分别地是通过边界层并且通过在氧化物规模的毛孔的氧的里面的散开。一个模型基于散开理论被建立在他们的氧化行为上讨论全部的煤气的压力的效果。