简介:Waterclockisavitalinstrumenttotellthetimeinancientsocieties.TheIndianwaterclockstayedinastereotypesincethe5thcenturyA.D.,tilltheenteringofBritish,bothinliteratureandpeople'slife.While,beforethe5thcenturyA.D.,fewliteraturerecordedthewaterclocksindetail,exceptVedāgajyotisaandKautilya'sArtha(s)stra.However,ifwelookatthevastBuddhistliterature,wemightgetasurprisefromtheBuddhistsutras,like(S)ārdūlakarnāvadāma((S)k-av).
简介:<正>Financematters—notleastin(civil)war.Evenbeyondthefinancialmeasureinitselftofinancethewarthereisthepotentialitytoconstructaconceptofafriendlyleader,oranenemywhobreakswiththe(unwritten)rulesofpolitics.AsmallepisodeinCaesar’sBellumCivileclearlyshowshowtoplaywithwordstoundermineauthority—herePompeius’:
简介:Throughoutmythicalandhistoricaltimes,Africa,orLibyaastheGreekssaid,provedtobeatrustycompanionoftheancientMediterraneanworld.WhenOdysseusroundedthePeloponnese,hefirstcameupontheNorthAfricancoast;afterstealingtheGoldenFleece,JasonandhismenaresaidtohavecrossedtheoceanandthenthecontinentwiththeArgoontheirshoulders.1Pirates,mercenariesandmerchantshadpliedtheroutetoEgyptfromtimeimmemorial;seafarersfromthelateArchaicepochonwardsreachedAfrica’swesterncoaststhroughtheStraitofGibraltarandtheEastcoastfromtheRedSea;inthefollowingcenturies,contactswereestablishedasfarinlandasNubiaandthekingdomofMeroe.
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