简介：EpidemiologicalstudiesshowedtheincidencemortalityratesofcancerwereincreasinginrecentdecadesinChinesepopulation.Nationalandregionalpreventiveprogramsaimtoreducethehealthhazardsofcancerandfocusethepopulationathighrisksforspecificcancer,particularlyinruralareasandtooffertheaccesstoearlydetectionformultlplecancersinurbanareas.Theearlyscreening,earlydetectionandtreatmenthavebeenputintooperationforthepopulationatrisksinruralareasatfirst,andintheurbanareasinrecentyears.Tounderstandtheepidemicpatternsandtrendsofcancer,andtheexperiencesinapplyingearlydetectionstrategiesinChina,selectedliteratureswerereviewedforbriefsummary.

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简介：AbstractDuring the past decades, early fetal ultrasound and diagnosis have increasingly gained attention in pregnancy care with the development of high-frequency transducers, which make it possible to obtain detailed images of the early fetus and its organs, and thus move part of the anatomy and anomaly scan from the second to the first-trimester. By transabdominal sonography or transvaginal sonography, or a combination of both approaches, it is now able to diagnose a wide variety of fetal abnormalities at 11-13+6 weeks.

简介：Droughtisthemajorabioticstressfactorthatlimitsriceproductionworldwide.Toevaluatetheosmoticstressresponsesinricevarietiesunderdroughtcondition,atotalof42high-yieldingricevarietieswerecollectedfromvariousresearchstationsofKeralaAgriculturalUniversityinIndia.Theexperimentalsetupcomprisesofinitialhydroponictreatmentsatdifferentosmoticpotentials,artificiallyinducedbydesiredstrengthsofpolyethyleneglycol(PEG6000),andfollowedbythepotplantedexperimentsintherain-out-zone.Theactivitiesofantioxidantenzymes,relativewatercontent,cellmembranestability,photosyntheticpigments,prolinecontent,alongwithplantgrowthparametersofthevarietiesunderdroughtconditionwereevaluated.Moreover,thestandardscoresofthesericevarietieswereassessedunderstressandrecoveryconditionsbasedonthescoringscaleoftheStandardEvaluationSystemforrice.Amongthe42ricevarieties,weidentified2ricevarieties,SwarnaprabhaandKattamodan,withlessleafrolling,betterdroughtrecoveryabilityaswellasrelativewatercontent,increasedmembranestabilityindex,osmolyteaccumulation,andantioxidantenzymeactivitiespointedtowardstheirdegreeoftolerancetodroughtstress.Thepositiveadaptiveresponsesofthesericevarietiestowardsdroughtstresscanbeusedinthegeneticimprovementofricedroughtresistancebreedingprogram.

简介：Therecognitionthatpsychosocialriskfactorscontributetothepathogenesisofcardiovasculardiseasehasledtothedevelopmentofanewfieldofbehavioralcardiology.Theinitialimpetusforthisfieldwasstudiesperformedinthe1980sand1990sthatprovidedepidemiologicalevidenceandapathophysiologicalbasisforastronglinkbetweenanumberofpsychosocialriskfactorsandcardiovasculardisease,includingdepression,anxiety,hostility,jobstress,andpoorsocialsupport.Inrecentyears,additionalpsychosocialriskfactorshavebeenidentified,includingpessimism;otherformsofchronicstress,suchaschildhoodabuseandtrauma,andthepsychologicalstressthatmaybeassociatedwithchronicmedicalillness;lackoflifepurpose;andthesyndromeof“vitalexhaustion,”whichconsistsofatriadofexhaustion,demoralization,andirritability.Newresearchinthelastdecadehasalsoestablishedthatpositivepsychosocialfactors,suchasoptimism,positiveemotions,avibrantsociallife,andastrongsenseoflifepurpose,canhaveanimportanthealth-bufferingeffectthroughtheirfavorableinfluenceonhealthbehaviorsandpromotionofpositivephysiologicalfunctioning.Patientscanbescreenedforpsychosocialriskfactorsinclinicalpracticethrougheithertheuseofopen-endedquestions,whichcanbeintegratedintoaphysician’sstandardreviewofsystems,ortheuseofshortquestionnaires.Physicianscanassistinthetreatmentofpsychosocialriskfactorsinvariousways,suchasscreeningpatientsforpsychologicaldistressandmakingappropriatereferralswhenindicated,providingpatientswithpracticallifestylesuggestions,andemployingofficepersonneltoteachpatientsbehavioralorpsychosocialinterventionsthatcanpromoteasenseofwell-beingand/orreducestress.

简介：Weinvestigatetheoreticallythetemperatureeffectsontheevolutionofbothbrightanddarkscreening-photovoltaicopticalspatialsolitonsinbiasedphotovoltaic-photocefractivecrystalsinthecaseofneglectingthediffusionprocess.Forastablebrightordarkscreening-photovoltaicsolitonoriginallyformedinacrystalatagiventemperature,whenthecrystaltemperaturechanges,itwillevolveintoanotherstablescreening-photovoltaicsolitonifthechangeisquitesmall,whereasitwillbecomeunstableorbreakdownifthetemperaturechangeislargeenough.Thespatialshapeofastablescreening-photovoltaicsolitoncanbereshapedbyappropriatelyadjustingthecrystaltemperature.

简介：在现在的学习，胰腺的小岛房间的ultramicrostructure的fasting血葡萄糖(FBG)集中和浆液胰岛素集中和chenges被用作这些索引在试验性的糖尿病mellitus(DM)的处理评估aurioular针灸的治疗学的效果并且在兔子.Thirty分析ist机制--二只兔子随机被划分成控制，模型，针灸和药有在每个group.DM模型的8个盒子的组被建立由静脉内两个组的处理每天被给一次，20个会议完全。在处理(20个会议)的2堂功课以后，与预告的处理和模型组比较，FBG在针灸和药groupsd满足的结果显示显著地减少了(P0.01)，当胰岛素显著地针灸和药组increaesd满足时(P0.05)。在FBG和胰岛素内容的针灸和药组之间的没有重要差别。因此，显微镜的dbservation显示出的电子在Iysosomebeing的部分organells的一些改进少数，核仁的胀大的减小，在两个acupucture组的等等和药组。它显示出胰的小岛房间的结构的那恢复，合成的增加和胰岛素以及胰岛素mayy的活动的版本在DM兔子在lowring血葡萄糖水平贡献耳的针灸的效果。

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简介：AbstractObjective:To detect the expression of caspase-3, baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing 5 (BIRC-5), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), and the concentration of resistin protein in placental of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal pregnant women, and to explore its correlation with the pathogenesis of GDM and its significance.Methods:This study includes 30 pregnant women who chose cesarean section at Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College during May 2013 to February 2014: 15 GDM patients and 15 normal glucose tolerance patients, 26-36 years old. The expression of caspase-3, VEGF, HIF, and BIRC-5 in placenta of 15 patients with GDM (GDM group) and 15 normal late pregnancy (control group) was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The concentration of resistin protein in the placenta was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Compared with the control group, the expression of caspase-3, HIF, VEGF, resistin in placenta of GDM group increased significantly (P < 0.05); the expression of BIRC-5 in placenta of GDM group decreased significantly (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The expression of caspase-3, BIRC-5, VEGF, HIF, and resistin in placenta of GDM patients and normal pregnant women are significantly different, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM disease.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatetheprevalenceandriskfactorsofdiabeticretinopathy(DR)innorthernChinesepatientswithtype2diabetesmellitus(T2DM).METHODS:Thisretrospectivecross-sectionalstudywasperformedbetweenMay2011andApril2012.Atotalof1100patients(male/female,483/617)wereincludedinthisstudy.DRwasdefinedfollowingtheEarlyTreatmentDiabeticRetinopathyStudy(ETDRS)severityscale.Allincludedpatientsacceptedacomprehensiveophthalmicexaminationincludingretinalphotographs.Logisticregressionmodelswereusedtoestimateoddsratios(ORs)and95%confidenceinterval(CI)afteradjustingforageandgender.RESULTS:Retinopathywaspresentin307patientswithaprevalenceof27.9%.Inunivariatelogisticanalysis,presenceofDRwasassociatedwithlongerdurationofdiabetes(OR,5.70;95%CI,2.91-12.56),higherconcentrationoffastingbloodglucose(OR,12.94;95%CI,2.40-67.71),higherlevelofglycosylatedhemoglobinHbA1c(OR,5.50;95%CI,3.78-11.97)andinsulintreatment(OR,6.99;95%CI,1.39-35.12).ThelifestyleofpatientswithT2DMincludingsmoking,alcoholconsumptionandregularexerciseseemednotassociatedwiththedevelopmentofDR.CONCLUSION:Ourstudysuggeststhatfastingserumglucoseconcentration,HbA1clevel,durationofdiabetesandinsulintreatmentarepotentialriskfactorsforDRinnorthernChinesepatientswithT2DM,whilethelifestyleofincludedpatientsseemsnotassociatedwithDR.

简介：瞄准：为了学习敏感，特性和钡餐的费用有效性，直与在开发国家钠起源的长期的腹的疼痛地为病人用作一种屏蔽形式的结肠积气(BMFTP)列在后面。方法：出席肠胃病学单位的五十个病人，SMS医院，其临床的评估揭示了肠起源的长期的腹的疼痛，在学习被包括。在平淡的测试以后，BMFT，BMFTP，对比腹部，钡灌肠和结肠镜检查的提高的计算断层摄影术(CECT)被执行。敏感，特性和在小或大的肠损害的察觉的这些成像形式的费用有效性被比较。结果：从五十个病人，结构的病理在十被发现。当七与小肠参与独自或在联合有结肠的参与时，九从这十个病人有小肠参与。当检测小肠参与时，BMFTP的敏感与BMFT是与88.89%相比的100%(BMFTP与回盲肠检测了一个另外的病人参与)。为结肠的病理的察觉的BMFTP的敏感和特性是85.71%和95.35%(41/43)分别地。当他们的敏感是几乎可比较的时，多于BMFTP显著地用BMFT和钡灌肠费用的联合长期的腹的疼痛(肠起源)地屏蔽一个病人。结论：BMFTP应该在研究工作被包括在上面有钠起源的长期的腹的疼痛的病人，在此也多重的地点(小并且大肠)被怀疑参与或这个地点在临床的根据上是不清楚的。BMFTP是排除的一个节俭、快、舒适的过程对在病人的多数的结肠镜检查的需要。

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简介：AbstractCurrently, the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is mainly based on the comprehensive consideration of the patient's symptoms and signs, laboratory examinations and chest radiography (CXR). CXR plays a pivotal role to support the early diagnosis of TB, especially when used for TB screening and differential diagnosis. However, high cost of CXR hardware and shortage of certified radiologists poses a major challenge for CXR application in TB screening in resource limited settings. The latest development of artificial intelligence (AI) combined with the accumulation of a large number of medical images provides new opportunities for the establishment of computer-aided detection (CAD) systems in the medical applications, especially in the era of deep learning (DL) technology. Several CAD solutions are now commercially available and there is growing evidence demonstrate their value in imaging diagnosis. Recently, WHO published a rapid communication which stated that CAD may be used as an alternative to human reader interpretation of plain digital CXRs for screening and triage of TB.

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简介：AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a worldwide epidemic disease, has caused tremendous economic and social burden, but the pathogenesis remains uncertain. Nowadays, the impact of unrhythmic circadian clock caused by irregular sleep and unhealthy diet on T2DM has be increasingly studied. However, the contribution of the endogenous circadian clock system to the development of T2DM has not yet been satisfactorily explored. It is now becoming clear that the gut microbiota and the circadian clock interact with each other to regulate the host metabolism. Considering all these above, we reviewed the literature related to the gut microbiota, circadian clock, and T2DM to elucidate the idea that the gut microbiota is closely tied to the regulation of the circadian clock in the development of T2DM, which provides potential for gut microbiota-directed therapies to ameliorate the effects of circadian disruptions linked to the occurrence and development of T2DM.

简介：AIMTo与类型2糖尿病mellitus(T2DM)在中国病人的一个队调查在C反应的蛋白质(CRP)和糖尿病的retinopathy(医生)之间的关系基于.METHODSCommunity的观察的队学习。有1131个参加者，在城市的北京在Desheng社区从2009年11月招募到2011年9月。病人们诊断了T2DM被招募并且经历由一张问询表，眼睛、人体测量的检查和实验室调查组成的标准化评估。医生的存在和严厉由七个领域被估计30°；渲染宫底相片。题目然后没有医生，任何医生，或威胁视觉的克尔普博士被分类进组与T2DM从1007个病人全部的学习subjects.RESULTSA的浆液被分析为分析被包括，包括408(40.5%)男人并且599(59.5%)女人。中部的CRP水平为男人是为女人和1.1mg/L的1.5mg/L(P=0.004，或0.37，95%CI0.18-0.74)。在为可能的covariates调整以后，CRP的高水平与任何医生的更低的流行被联系(P=0.02，或0.55，95%CI0.35-0.89)，然而并非与威胁视觉的医生联系了(P=0.62，或0.78，95%CI0.28-2.14)。在由性的层化以后，在CRP和医生之间的反的协会被发现在男人统计上重要(P=0.006，或0.35，95%CI0.16-0.73)，然而并非在女人(P=0.58，或0.88，95%CI0.29-1.16)与T2DM从一张中国人口拉的.CONCLUSIONThe数据建议那增加的CRP层次可以相反地与医生的开发被联系。

简介：ObjectivesTostudyclinicalandcoronaryangiographicfindingsinpatientswithbothcoronaryheartdiseases(CHD)andtype2diabetesmellitus(T2DM).Methods215patientswithCHDconfirmedbycoronaryangiographywereinvolvedinthisstudy.Thepatientsweredividedintotwogroups:74CHDpatientswithT2DM(meanage64.7±8.2years,male/female47/27),and141CHDpatientswithoutT2DM(meanage66.2±9.2years,male/female100/41).Theclinicalfeaturesandthedatafromselectivecoronaryangiographieswerecomparedbetweentype2diabeticandnon-diabeticCHDpatients.ResultsComparedtonon-diabeticCHDpatients,thepatientswithbothCHDandT2DMsufferedmorefromacutemyocardialinfarction,silentischemiaandseverearrhythmias(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),andhadhigherserumtriglyceridesandapo-lipoproteinB,alongwithincreasedserumuricacid(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),increasedleftventricularenddiastolicdiameter(P＜0.01),anddecreasedleftventricularejectionfraction(P＜0.001).Comparedtonon-diabeticCHDpatients,thepatientswithbothCHDandT2DMsufferedmorefromtriplevesseldisease(P＜0.01),severecoronaryarterystenosis,completeocclusionsanddiffuselesions(P＜0.001).ConclusionsSevereclinicalmanifestation,leftventriculardysfunction,diffuseorcomplicatedlesionsofcoronaryarteriesweremorecommoninpatientswithbothCHDandT2DM,itsuggeststhatthetype2diabeticCHDpatientshavepoorprognosis.

简介：目的：观察针药并用治疗2型糖尿病高血压及对血浆神经肽Y（NeuropeptideY，NPY）的影响。方法：将60例2型糖尿病高血压患者按入院川页序，随机分为两组，治疗组30例，采用针刺加口服硝苯地平缓释片治疗，对照组30例，采用单纯口服硝苯地平缓释片治疗。于治疗15d后观察两组患者血压及其血浆NPY含量的变化。结果：两组患者治疗后其血压和血浆NPY含量均显著降低（P〈0．01），且治疗组优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：针药并用对2型糖尿病高血压患者具有明显的降低血压效果和降低血浆NPY含量的作用。

简介：AbstractBackground:Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to be associated with diabetic microvascular complications, but previous studies have only focused on the relationship between vitamin D and specific complications. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin D level and diabetic microvascular complications in general, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of 815 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Clinical information and laboratory results were collected from the medical records. The relationship between vitamin D and the three diabetic microvascular complications was investigated.Results:The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 [OH] D) level of patients with DPN and/or DN was significantly lower than that of T2DM patients without any microvascular complications (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis showed that the 25 (OH) D level was related to DPN and DN, but not DR. After adjustment, the 25 (OH) D level was confirmed to be an independent protective factor for DPN (odds ratio [OR]: 0.968, P = 0.004]) and DN (OR: 0.962, P = 0.006). The prevalence of DPN and DN increased significantly as the serum 25 (OH) D levels decreased. Furthermore, patients with both DPN and DN had the lowest concentration of serum 25 (OH) D (P < 0.001), and the prevalence of macroalbuminuria increased more abruptly than that of microalbuminuria across the 25 (OH) D tertiles. Among the patients with vitamin D insufficiency, those with DPN presented more comorbid macroalbuminuria than those without DPN (15.32% vs. 4.91%; P = 0.001).Conclusions:Vitamin D deficiency is independently associated with higher risk of DPN and DN, but not DR, in T2DM patients. Further, it may be a potential predictor for both the occurrence and severity of DPN and DN.

简介：ExogenoussubstancePaccelerateswoundhealingindiabetes,butthemechanismremainspoorlyunderstood.Here,weestablishedaratmodelbyintraperitoneallyinjectingstreptozotocin.Fourwounds(1.8cmdiameter)weredrilledusingaself-madepunchontotheback,bilateraltothevertebralcolumn,andthentreatedusingamnioticmembranewithepidermalstemcellsand/orsubstanceParoundandinthemiddleofthewounds.Withthecombinedtreatmentthewound-healingratewas100%at14days.Withprolongedtime,typeIcollagencontentgraduallyincreased,yettypeIIIcollagencontentgraduallydiminished.Abundantproteingeneproduct9.5-andsubstanceP-immunoreactivenervefibersregenerated.Partialnervefiberendingsextendedtotheepidermis.ThetherapeuticeffectsofcombinedsubstancePandepidermalstemcellswerebetterthanwithamnioticmembraneandeitherfactoralone.OurresultssuggestthatthecombinationofsubstancePandepidermalstemcellseffectivelycontributestonerveregenerationandwoundhealingindiabeticrats.