简介:程序性死亡分子-1(PD-1)是T淋巴细胞膜表面表达的负向协同刺激分子,与其主要配体(PD-L1)形成通路后,可以减弱T淋巴细胞的免疫反应,甚至导致T淋巴细胞功能衰竭。PD-1/PD-L1信号通路在乙型肝炎病毒感染后的效应T细胞免疫耐受中具有重要作用,阻断该途径可能是抗病毒治疗的方向之一,具有良好的应用前景。
简介:Thisarticlediscussestheadequatetreatmentofearlygallbladdercancer(T1a,T1b)andisbasedonpublishedstudiesextendingovernearly3decades.Randomizedstudiesandmetaanalysescomparingdifferentsurgicaltreatmentsdonotexist.Theliteratureshowsthatinupto20%ofpatientslymphnodemetastasisarefoundinT1bgallbladdercancer.Duetohighmalignancywithearlyangiolymphaticspreadandresistancetochemotherapyandradiationontheonehand,andtherelativelowoperativeriskofextendedcholecystectomy(cholecystectomyandregionallymphadenectomy)ontheotherhand,webelievethatthisprocedureismandatoryinearlygallbladdercancer.
简介:病例:患者男,42岁,1998年10月因腹胀、腹水和食管吞钡检查显示食管静脉曲张,拟诊'肝硬化”而入院.经保肝、利尿等治疗后,腹水量减少而出院.1999年6月因腹水增加伴消瘦,经利尿治疗无效而再次入院.体检:稍消瘦,一般情况可,全身浅表淋巴结无肿大,巩膜无黄染;心、肺无异常;腹软,肝肋下未及,脾肋下2cm,质中,脐孔左上及右下轻度隆起,此区域内可触及3个包块,大小分别为6cm×4cm×3cm、4.5cm×4cm×3cm和3cm×3cm×2cm,质地中等,边圆钝,表面光滑,略能推动,无血管杂音,腹部无移动性浊音;其他无异常发现.实验室和辅助检查:血、尿、粪检查正常;肝、肾功能正常;乙型肝炎e抗体(HBeAb)和乙型肝炎核心抗体(HBcAb)阳性;癌胚抗原CEA(51μg/L,正常<15μg/L)和糖类抗原CA242(222μg/ml,正常<30μg/ml)高于正常,甲胎蛋白(AFP)、CA19-9等均正常.腹部B超:腹腔内有分隔的团块状低回声区;腹部CT:肝、脾内侧和外侧缘均有凹凸不平的结节样压迫征,腹腔及盆腔中有大量液性低回声区;诊断性腹腔穿刺未抽出液体.因诊断不明,于1999年7月14日作腹腔镜检查,结果显示:腹腔壁层腹膜、肝脏、脾脏、肠曲表面、大网膜、膈肌表面、左、右结肠旁沟及十二指肠悬韧带处布满米粒到鸽蛋大小的囊泡状结节,腹腔、盆腔亦见囊泡状结节;结节呈白色或黄白色,半透明;腹水呈胶冻样,淡黄色且微混浊,其内可见纤维絮状物和黄白色的囊泡状结节飘浮;大网膜明显增厚,失去原有的柔软感,肠系膜增厚,亦可见黄白色囊泡状结节粘附(见图1).术中于结节样肿物及肥厚大网膜处取活检送病理检查,冰冻切片提示腹膜假性粘液瘤,予噻替哌腹腔内温热灌注化疗,术后病理确诊为腹膜假性粘液瘤(见图2),随访至今11个月患者仍健在.
简介:1病例介绍男,11岁,学生。于当日16:10下课放学,因拥挤突然受伤,学校立即拨打120急救电话,经X线显示确诊为右下肢胫腓骨闭合性骨折。学校记录拨打120时间为16:11分,而120网络中心程控电话记录为16:09;医院接到出车任务时,来电显示电话为16:15,接电话登记本参照本科钟表时间为16:13;急救车到达现场时间医生记录为16:25,护士记录为16:22。现病人预后良好,家属查阅各种记录后,提出起诉:认为学生受伤为上课期间,学校应给予全额赔偿,证据为120程控电话时间.而校方认为学生受伤属放学后个人活动不当所致,校方无责任。
简介:AIMTocompareKAI1incancerofpapillaofVaterandpancreastoevaluatewhethertherearedifferencesinbiologicbehaviorwhichmightaccountforprognosis.METHODSWecomparedtheexpressionin24papillayand29pancreaticcancersusingNorthernblotanalysis,immunochemicalassayandinsituhybridization,andinvestigatedwhetherearlydiagnosisormoleculardifferencespredicttheoutcomeinthesetumorentities.RESULTSByNorthernblotanalysisthereisnostatisticaldifferenceofKAI1levelsinnormalandcancerouspapilla.NoassociationbetweenKAI1mRNAexpressionandtumorstageortumordifferentiationwasfoundinthetumors.Byimmunohistochemicalassay,KAI1stainingincytoplasmofpapillarycancercellswassimilartothatofnormalpapillarycells.Byinsituhybridization,theresultsofKAI1mRNAexpressioninnormalandcancerouspapillaweresimilartothosewithimmunohistochemicalassay.Thenormalandcancerouspancreastissueswerealsoanalyzedbythemethodsusedinpapillarysamples.CONCLUSIONAlthoughthebiologicrolesofKAI1havenotbeenclarified,ourresultssuggestthatKAI1mayrestricttheprogressionofmalignantpapillarycancer,butitsexpressionmightnothaveanyeffectonthecharacteristicsofpapillarytumor,whereasbytheanalysisofKAl1gene,itsreducedexpressioniscloselyrelatedtotheprogressionandmetastasesofpancreaticcancer.
简介:背景:研究表明GEF-H1能激活Rho蛋白,与肿瘤发生、发展、浸润、迁移等密切相关。目的:构建人pEGFP-GEF-H1载体并稳定转染结肠癌HCT116细胞后检测GEF-H1表达。方法:在线合成引物软件设计人GEF-H1基因引物,构建重组质粒pEGFP-GEF-H1,并转染结肠癌HCT116细胞,以转染空质粒和未转染的细胞分别作为空质粒组和空白对照组。荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白表达,RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹法分别检测GEF-H1mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果:成功构建了人pEGFP-GEF-H1载体,测序结果表明序列正确。转染重组质粒pEGFP-GEF-H1后,荧光显微镜下可见较强的绿色荧光,GEF-H1mRNA和蛋白表达水平均较空质粒组和空白对照组明显上调。结论:体外成功构建了人pEGFP-GEF-H1载体,且转染结肠癌HCT116细胞后高表达GEF-H1,为进一步探讨结肠癌与GEF-H1的关系提供了必要的实验材料。
简介:AIM:Helicobacterpylori(Hpylori)hasbeenlinkedtochronicgastritis,pepticulcer,gastriccancerandMALT-lymphoma.ThelinkofgenotypesofHpyloritogastriccancerremainscontroversial.TheaimofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheHpylorivacAalleles,cagAandiceAinpatientswithgastriccancerinTaiwan.METHODS:Patientswithgastriccancer,pepticulcerandchronicgastritiswereenrolledinthisstudy.Weobtainedbiopsyspecimensfromthestomachatleast2cmawayfromthetumormargininpatientswithgastriccancer,andfromtheantrumofstomachinpatientswithpepticulcerorchronicgastritis.DNAextractionandpolymerasechainreactionwereusedtodetectthepresenceorabsenceofcagAandtoassessthepolymorphismofvacAandiceA.RESULTS:Atotalof168patients(gastriculcer:77,duodenalulcer:66,andchronicgastritis:25)werefoundtohavepositivePCRresultsofthebiopsyspecimensfrompatientswithpepticulcerandchronicgastritis.WefoundpositivecagA(139/168,83%),m2(84/168,50%)andiceA1(125/168,74%)strainsinthemajorityofpatients.Inpatientswithgastriccancer,thevacAslaandslcsubtypeswerelesscommonlyfoundthanthoseinnon-cancerpatients(35/66vs127/168,P=0.0001forslaand13/66vs93/168,P<0.0001forslc).Inthemiddleregion,themlTstraininpatientswithgastriccancerwasmorethanthatofnon-cancerpatients(23/66vs33/168,P=0.02).CONCLUSION:InTaiwan,HpyloriwithpositivevacAsla,cagAandiceA1strainsarefoundinthemajorityofpatientswithgastriccancerornon-cancerpatients.Inpatientswithgastriccancer,thevacAs1aandslcsubtypesarelessandm1Tismorethaninpatientswithpepticulcerandchronicgastritis.