简介：Theincreasingawarenessofclimatechangehasledorganizationstodemandastandardproceduretomeasureandcommunicategreenhousegas(GHG)emissionslinkedtotheirproductsorservices.ThepubliclyavailablespecificationPAS2050hasbeendevelopedinresponsetobroadcommunityandindustrydesireforaconsistentmethod-carbonfootprintforassessingthelifecycleGHGemissionsofgoodsandservices.Specifically,thispaperillustratestheimplementationofcarbonfootprintforababystrollerinaccordancewithPAS2050.Afialvalueof321kgperonestrollerincludingpackagewascalculated.Moreover,thestudyledtoidentifyrawmaterialsproductionofthestrollerasthemainsourceofGHSemissionswhereeffortsneedtofocusforemissionreductionopportunities.Thiscasestudyishopedtobeastartingpointfororganizationstobenefitfromtheincreasingapplicationofcarbonfootprintassessment.

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简介：Theadsorptionbehaviorofdyesonavarietyofsisalbasedactivatedcarbonfibers(SACF)hasbeenstudiedinthispaper.TheresultsshowthatthiskindofACFhasexcellentadsorptioncapacitiesforsomeorganic(dye)molecules.SACFcanremovenearlyallmethyleneblue,crystalviolet,bromophenolblueandEriochromeblueblackRfromwaterafterstaticadsorptionfor24h.at30℃.Theadsorptionamountscanreachmorethan400mg/gwhenadding50mgSACFinto50mldyesolution.Underthesameconditions,theadsorptionamountsofxylenolorangefluoresceinandEriochromeblackTwreelower.Ontheotherhand,theadsorptionamountschangealongwiththecharacteristicsofadsorbents.TheSACFsactivatedabove840℃,whichhavehigherspecificsurfaceareasandwiderporeradii,havehigheradsorptionamountsforthedyes.TheresearchingresultsalsoshowthattheadsorptionratesofdyesontoSACFsdecreasebytheorderofmethyleneblue,EriochromeblueblackRandcrystalviolet.

简介：Pitchbasedactivatedcarbonfiber(PACF)wasprepared,andinfluencesofpreparingconditionsuchasactivatedtemperatureandtimeontheyield.specificsurfaceareaofPACFanditsadsorptionbehaviortowardsn-butanethiolwerestudied.TheresultsshowedthatsimplePACFcouldnotremoven-butanethiolfromn-hexanesolution.Therefore,dispersionofsuitablecatalystsuchascobaltsaltonPACFisneeded,CobaltsolatdispersedPACFcanremoven-butanethiolquickly.

简介：Thispaperconstructsa4-liercomputablegeneralequilibriummodelwhichincludessuchmodulesasmodelingcarbonemissionconstraintsandcarbontrading(CT),andincorporatesthecostofcarbonemissionsintoconstantelasticityofsubstituteproductionfunction.Underscenariosettingsunderdifferentcarbonabatementtargets,basedon2007nationalsocialaccountingmatrixandrelatedstatisticaldataaboutenergyconsumptionandcarbonemission,effectsoneconomicoutputs,energyconsumption,andcarbonabatementareestimatedandanalyzedatbothmacroandsectorlevel.Bycalculatingselectednovelindicatorsthatcompromisebetweenmacroeconomicopportunitycostandachievablecarbonabatement,reasonablecarbonpriceintervalsaregivenforenhancingtherobustnessandliquidityofcarbonmarket.Further,bydecompositionandshare-weightedmethods,expectedcarbonabatementandenergypricearemeasuredandanalyzedindetails.Someresultsaremeaningfulforfundamentaldesignofthefuturecarbonmarket.Givenconstantenergyutilizationandcarbonabatementtechnologiesatthemacrolevel,thehigherthecarbonpricethemoreactualcarbonabatement;themoregrossdomesticproductloss,thelessenergyconsumption.Accwdingtotheoverallsituationestimatedfor2007inChina,theadvicegivenistointroduceacarbonabatementtargetrate(R_c)of-10%,whichishelpfultomakecarbonmarketstableagainstunexpectedcarbonpriceshocksbetween[6.9,35]/tCwithlesseconomicloss.AccordingtoKayadecomposition,afterintroductionofcarbonpricing,carbonabatementismainlycontributedbytheeffectsofenergyintensity(EI)andtechnicalprogress.Further,CTmayhelpreduceenergyconsumptionandinducetransformationtoalow-carbonenergystructure.Atthesectorlevel,theintroductionofCTcouldinduceeconomicrecessioninallsectors,especiallyenergy.However,theoveralleconomicstructureremainsunchangedtosomeextent.CTwillhelpreduceenergyconsumptioninallsectors,especiallyenergy.Overallutilizationc

简介：因为唯一的地理地点和Qinling山的重要生态的效果，它的植被和气候的重建需要全面研究。我们需要认为一条多重代理的途径在在Qinling山恢复paleovegetation和气候上获得更多的信息。黑碳(BC)被植被和石块燃料的不完全的燃烧生产，并且是一个好代理，记录paleoenvironmental信息。然而在Qinling山，什么，并且是否是BC的特征BC稳定的碳同位素(δ13CBC)能被用作一个新代理学习古老的植被，需要仍然推进学习。为了为由BC学习paleoenvironmental建立一个健全基础，在Qinling山代理，我们在山的北斜坡上在BC的现代过程上执行了系统、详细说明的学习。我们分析了稳定的碳同位素和器官的碳的碳集中(%SOC，δ13CSOC)和BC(%BC，δ13CBC),并且从系统地取样的表面土壤识别了花粉集合。C4的计算比率在植被种的结果表演(%C4)基于δ13CSOC数据在表面植被和花粉集合反映C4植物的类似的分布。δ13Cbc价值与δ13Csoc价值，和他们的差别(Δ13CSOc-bc)在低范围。这些数据显示那δ13Cbc和δ13Csoc有很类似的特征。表面土壤δ13Cbc价值能象δ13CSOC价值，和δ13Cbc代理能在Qinling山的北斜坡在paleovegetational研究有效地被使用。

简介：TheauthorshavedetailedlyandsystematicallystudiedthecarbonisotopiccompositionofEarlyProterozoiccarbonaterocks.SampleswhicharealldolomicriteweretakenfromtheJianancun,DaguandongandHuaiyincunFormationsoftheHutuoGroupinWutaiCountyShanxiProvince,NorthChina.Atotalof209sampleswereanalysedfortheircarbonisotopecompositions,andthemeansamplingintervalwas6.9m.Carbonisotopeanalysisclearlyshowsδ13CshiftsattheboundarybetweentheJian’ancunFormationandDaguandongFormationandneartheboundarybetweentheDaguandongFormationandHuaiyincunFormation.LikecarbonisotopeshiftsattheCretaceous-Tertiary,Permian-TriassicandPrecambrian-Cambrianboundaries,thediscoveryofδ13CshiftsintheEarlyProterozoichasimportantsignificanceinfurtherstudiesonEarlyProterozoicbioticevolution,regionalandglobalstratigraphiccorrelation,andcarbongeochemicalcycles.

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简介：ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｃａｒｂｏｎｆｌｕｘｉｎｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａ￥ＨａｎＷｕｙｉｎｇ；ＬｉｎＨｏｎｇｙｉｎｇａｎｄＣａｉＹａｎｙａ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＭａｒｃｈ５，１９９５；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄＯｃｔｏｂｅｒ４，１９９５）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ａｃ...

简介：<正>1IntroductionHaloarchaearepresentsadistinctgroupofArchaeathattypicallyinhabitshypersalineenvironments,suchassaltlakesandseasalterns.Theyareeasytocultureandmanyhaloarchaeaaregeneticallytractable,hencetheyareexcellentmodelsystemsforresearchofarchaealgenetics,

简介：ThisreportsummarizesthesurveysoncarboninventoriesandinitiativesonsustainablecarboncyclingtakenbyRCEES.Thefirstpartofthisreportdealswiththeconceptofsustainablecarboncycling,thehistoricalevolutionofcarboncyclingprocessesinChina,carbonpoolenhancement,valueaddition,carbonsequestrationandcarbonbalance.Thesecondpartcoversthemodelingofcarbondynamics,emissioninventoriesofvariouscarboncontaininggreenhousegasesandtheirpotentialabatementmeasures.

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简介：Piezoresistiveeffectofcarbonnanotubefilmswasinvestigatedbyathree-pointbendingtest.Carbonnanotubesweresynthesizedbyhotfilamentchemicalvapordeposition.Theexperimentalresultsshowedthatthecarbonnanotubeshaveastrikingpiezoresistiveeffect.Therelativeresistancewaschangedfrom0to10.5×10-2and3.25×10-2fordopedandundopedfilmsrespectivelyatroomtemperaturewhenthemicrostrainunderstressfrom0to500.Thegaugefactorsfordopedandundopedcarbonnanotubefilmsunder500microstrainwereabout220and67atroomtemperature,respectively,exceedingthatofpolycrystallinesilicon(30)at35℃.Theoriginoftheresistancechangesinthefilmsmaybeattributedtoastrain-inducedchangeinthebandgapforthedopedtubesandthedefectsfortheundopedtubes.

简介：Strainageinginsteelwasfirstobservedduringthe19thcenturywhenthemaximumloadcarryingcapacityofatestpiecewasincreasedafterithadbeenretestedfollowingapreviousseriesoftestinginaplasticrange.Overthelastdecades,agreatdealofresearchhasbeenperformedtogaindeeperinsightsintothephenomenonofstrainageing.Thesynergisticdevelopmentoftheoreticalhypothesisandnewexperimentalevidenceshaspromotedtheunderstandingofthemechanismsunderlyingstrainageing.Thecontentofthispaperisorganizedintofourcomponents.First,wehavecomparedthemaintheoriesdevelopedinrecentyears.Second,wehavesummarizedthemetallurgicaleffectsonthestrainageingbehaviorobservedinexperiments.Moreover,wehavemadeanattempttocorrelatetheexperimentalresultsandtheabove-mentionedtheories.Third,wehaveproposedafeasiblesolutiontocontrolstrainageinginlowcarbonsteels.Finally,wehaveelaboratedthepotentialityoftheatomprobetechniqueinfacilitatingdirectcharacterizationofthedistributionofsoluteatoms.

简介：Thehighpressureequationofstateforcarbonisconstructedbysomesimplephysicalmodels.Forsolidstate,amultiphaseequationofstateisconsidered,whichincludesfoursolidstates.Forliquidstate,theliquidperturbationtheoryofCRISmodelisused.Inthehightemperature,theelectroniccontributionisobtainedbytheionizationequilibriumtheory.Theresultofourcalculationbasedontheabovemodelsiscomparedwiththefirstprincipledensityfunctionalcalculationandtheothermodels.TheHugoniotandthephasediagramofcarbonarealsocomparedwiththeexperiments.Theresultsaresatisfactory.

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简介：Nanocarbonmaterialsplayacriticalroleinthedevelopmentofneworimprovedtechnologiesanddevicesforsustainableproductionanduseofrenewableenergy.Thisperspectivepaperdefinessomeofthetrendsandoutlooksinthisexcitingarea,withtheeffortofevidencingsomeofthepossibilitiesofferedfromthegrowinglevelofknowledge,astestifiedfromtheexponentiallyrisingnumberofpublications,andputtingbasesforamorerationaldesignofthesenanomaterials.Thebasicmembersofthenewcarbonfamilyarefullerene,graphene,andcarbonnanotube.Derivedfromthemarecarbonquantumdots,nanohorn,nanofiber,nanoribbon,nanocapsulate,nanocageandothernanomorphologies.Secondgenerationnanocarbonsarethosewhichhavebeenmodifiedbysurfacefunctionalizationordopingwithheteroatomstocreatespecifictailoredproperties.Thethirdgenerationofnanocarbonsisthenanoarchitecturedsupramolecularhybridsorcompositesofthefirstandsecondgenerationnanocarbons,orwithorganicorinorganicspecies.Theadvantagesofthenewcarbonmaterials,relatingtothefieldofsustainableenergy,arediscussed,evidencingtheuniquepropertiesthattheyofferfordevelopingnextgenerationsolardevicesandenergystoragesolutions.

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简介：Anewsituationhasemergedasaresultofglobalclimatechangefollowingthe'ParisAgreement',whichgivesrisetonewopportunitiesforcarbonmarket.Carbonmarketasamechanismtopromotelow-carbondevelopmenthasbeenexploredbothintheoreticalresearchandpracticalapplicationhomeandabroadforseveralyears.However,therearestillmanyproblemstosettle,suchasthepotentialuncertaintytodetermineanddistributetotalcarbonemissions,pricedistortionsinhigh-carbonproductsandservicesinthemarket,mainbodiesresponsibleforthecarbonemissioninurbaninfrastructure,etc.Allthesehaveformedaconstraintonthefurtherdevelopmentofcarbonmarket.Throughthehistoricalanalysisoftheactualdevelopmentofthecarbonmarket,thispapertriestoidentifypracticalproblemswhichshouldbesolvedurgently,andprovidesideasforChinatoestablishaunifiednationalcarbonmarketin2017,whichisnotonlythenationalmeasurestoparticipateinthe'ParisAgreement'actively,butalsotheimplementationofChina’ssustainabledevelopmentstrategy.

简介：InMarch2010,theEuropeanUnion(EU)releasedthe'Europe2020—AEuropeanStrategyforSmart,SustainableandInclusiveGrowth'(Europe2020).AsasuccessortotheLisbonStrategy