简介：SinceitserliestyearsofR&D[1],theGEANT4simulationtoolkithasbeendevelopedfollowingsoftwareprocessstandardswhichdictatedtheoverallevolutionoftheproject.Thecomplexityofthesoftwareinvolved,thewideareasofapplicationofthesoftwareproduct,thehugeamountofcodeandCategorycomplexity,thesizeanddistributednatureoftheCollaborationitselfareallingredientswhichinvolveandcorrelatetogetherawidevarietyofsoftwareprocesses.Althoughin"production"andavailabletothepublicsinceDecember1998,theGEANT4softwareproduct[1]includesCategoryDomainswhicharestillunderactivedevelopment.Thereforetheyrequiredifferenttreatmentalsointermsofimprovementofthedevelopmentcycle,system,testingandusersupport,ThisarticleismeanttodescribesomeofthesoftwareprocessesastheyareappliedinGEANT4forbothdevelopment,testingandmaintenanceofthesoftware.

简介：Wegiveanestimateoftypesup×infonRiemannianmanifoldofdimension4foraYamabetypeequation.

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简介：Poly(4-vinylpyridine)(P4-VP)nanofiberandfluoresentpoly(4-vinylpyridine)/porphyrin(P4-VP/TPPA)nanofiberwererespectivelypreparedbyelectrospinning.TheeffectoftheconcentrationofP4-VP/dimethylformamide(DMF)electrospinningsolutionsonthemorphologyofP4-VPnanofiberwasinvestigatedanditwasfoundthattheaveragediameterofthenanofiberofP4-VP/DMFincreasedwiththeincreaseoftheconcentrationofthespinningsolution.AftertheadditionofTPPAtotheP4-VP/DMFspinningsolution,thediameterofP4-VP/TPPAnanofiberbecameevenduetotheincreaseoftheconductivityoftheP4-VP/DMF-TPPAsolution.Thephotoluminescent(PL)spectralanalysisindicatesthattheemissionpeakpositionofP4-VP/TPPAnanofiberisalmostthesameasthatofpureTPPAatabout650nmwithoutpeakshift,andwhenitwasstoredfor20days,theemissionpeakofP4-VP/TPPAnanofiberisalsoat650nm,indicatingthatthefluorescentpropertyofP4-VP/TPPAnanofiberisstable.Fourier-transforminfrared(FTIR)spectrumconfirmsthechemicalcompositionoftheresultingP4-VP/TPPAcompositenanofiber.

简介：Vanadiumalloys(V-Cr-Tiseries)areimportantcandidatematerialsforblanketcomponentsoffusionreactorsduetotheirlowactivationandhighstrengthatelevatedtemperatures.Low-temperatureirradiationembrittlementdeterminestheoperationtemperaturelimitofVanadiumalloysfortheapplicationtostructuralmaterialsoffusionreactorsirradiationresponseofvanadiumalloysneedstobeclarifiedfortheirapplication.Inthepresentstudy,specimensoftwoalloys(V-4Cr-4TiandV-5Cr-5Ti)wereirradiatedwithenergeticHeionsandheavyionstounderstandhardeningofthealloysduetoheliumaccumulationandcascadedamageproduction.

简介：Treatmentof4-amino-3-(1-aryl-5-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles/2-amino-5-(1-aryl-5-methyl-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoleswithbenzaldehyde,acetoneandω-bromoacetophenonewastestedandcompared.ThetitlecompoundsSchiffbases,amides,imidazolo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazolesand7H-s-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazineshavebeenconfirmedbyelementalanalyses,^1HNMR,IRandMSspectra.AllthecompoundshavealsobeenscreenedfortheirantibacterialactivitiesagainstB.subtilis,S.aureusandE.coli.

简介：Inthispaper,AgBF4/[emim][BF4]supportedionicliquidmembranes(SILMs)werepreparedsuccessfullyforCO/N2separationusingnitrogenpressureimmobilizationprocedures.TheincorporationofAgBF4coulddecreasemembraneweightloss,improvethepressure-resistantability,andkeepthecriticalpressure(0.45MPa)oftheSILMs.ThehighviscosityandundissolvedAgBF4solidsinmembraneliquidwoulddisturbgasmoleculartransportthroughmembraneandgiverisetothegastransportresistance.Therefore,thegaspermeabilitydecreasedremarkablywithincreasingAgBF4carriercontentinthemembrane.WhenthemolarratioofAgBF4to[emim][BF4]increasedfrom0:1to0.3:1,theCO/N2selectivityoftheSILMsshowedagreatincreasefrom~1to~9at20°Cand0.4MPa,suggestingthatAgBF4wasaneffectivecarrierforCOfacilitatedtransport.ThepermeabilitiesofN2andCOincreasedathighertransmembranepressure,indicatingthatmoleculartransportwoulddominatethetransportprocessathighpressure.Thetemperature-dependentgaspermeabilityfollowedtheArrheniusequation.Moreover,thedifferencesbetweentheactivationenergiesofCOandN2becamelargerafterintroducingAgBF4,resultinginmoreobviousdecreaseintheCO/N2selectivityathigheroperatingtemperature.

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简介：InthisarticlethespectrumofsupportsizesofacompletelydecomposableTS(ν,,4)foranypositiveintegerν≡1,3(mod6)isdetermined.

简介：TheGAUDIsoftwareframeworkistobeusedforallevent-processingapplicationsintheLHCbexperiment.TheGEANT4toolkithasbeenintegratedintoGAUDItoformthebasisoftheLHCbsimulationprogramGAUSS.Thebenefitsofthisapproacharethatitpermitsre-useofbasicservices,suchaspersistency,interactivityanddatavisualization,aswellasphysicsalgorithmsthatwereoriginallydevelopedinthecontextofthereconstructionandanalysisprograms.FollowingtheGAUDIphilosophy,theintegrationhasbeenachievedbydevelopinganumberofserviceswithabstractinterfacesthatcanbepluggedinatrun-time.Wedescribetheoveralldesignanddetailsofthecomponentsforinterfacingthedetectorgeometry,theprimaryinteractionandtheoutputfromtrackingparticlesthroughthedetector.

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简介：Thispaperinvestigatesthetemperaturefielddistributionandthermalfocallengthwithinalaserdiodearray(LDA)end-pumpedYVO4/Nd:YVO4rectangularcompositecrystal.AgeneralexpressionofthetemperaturefielddistributionwithintheNd:YVO4rectangularcrystalwasobtainedbyanalysingthecharacteristicsoftheNd:YVO4crystalandsolvingthePoissonequationwithboundaryconditions.ThetemperaturefielddistributionsintheNd:YVO4rectangularcrystalfortheYVO4/Nd:YVO4compositecrystalandtheNd:YVO4singlecrystalareresearchedrespec-tively.CalculatingthethermalfocallengthwithintheNd:YVO4rectangularcrystalwasdonebyananalysisoftheadditionalopticalpathdifferences(OPD)causedbyheat,whichwasveryidenticalwithexperimentalresultsinthispaper.ResearchresultsshowthatthemaximumrelativetemperatureontherearfaceoftheNd:YVO4crystalinthecompositecrystalis150Kandthethermalfocallengthis35.7mmwhentheoutputpoweroftheLDAis22W.Inthesamecircumstances,theexperimentalvalueofthethermalfocallengthis37.4mm.Sotherelativeerrorbetweenthetheoreticalanalysisandtheexperimentalresultisonly4.5%.Withthesameconditions,thethermalfocallengthoftheNd:YVO4singlecrystalis18.5mm.SotherelativerateofthethermalfocallengthbetweentheYVO4/Nd:YVO4crystalandtheNd:YVO4crystalis93%.So,thethermalstabilityoftheoutputpowerandthebeamqualityoftheYVO4/Nd:YVO4laserismoreadvantageousthanthelaserwithNd:YVO4singlecrystal.

简介：设(M,T)是一个光滑闭流形上的对合,不动点集为F=RP(4)UP(4,2n-1),则它的每一个对合(M,T)必协边(RP(4)×RP(4),twist)和(P(4,2n),T')之一.

简介：ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｈｏｗｎｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｉｘｅｄ－ｄｏｎｏｒｍａｃｒｏｍｏｌｅｃ－ｕｌａｒｌｉｇａｎｄｓｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｉｎｇｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｏｎｓ［１］...

简介：ThespinelLiMn2O4-x(SO4)xcompoundcathodematerialsweresynthesizedbysolid-statereactionofthecalculatedamountsofLiOH·H2O,MnO2andMnSO4.Theresultsoftheelectrochemicaltestdemonstratedthatthesematerialsexhbitedexcellentelectrochemicalproperties.Thehighestreversiblecapacityoftheseseriesofcathodematerialswas-120mAh/g,andafter50cycles,thisreversiblecapacitywasstillaround116mAh/gwithnearly100%reversibleefficiency,whichrevealedthatdopedsulfateioncouldimprovethestructuralstabilityofspinel.

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简介：Refluxingcalix[4]-1,3-substitutedbenzaldehydederivative(4)withglycinehydrazidederivative,weobtainedanovelcalix[4]arenehydrazonederivative(5)via'1+2'condensationinayieldof78%.Inthereactionofcompound4withL-leucinehydrazidederivativeatroomtemperature,lariatcalix[4]-1,3-aza-crown(6)withchiralaminoacidgroupasbranchedchainwassynthesizedvia'1+1'additioninayieldof70%.Thepreliminaryextractionexperimentssuggestedthathostingcompounds5and6possessedgoodcomplexationabilitiesforα-aminoacids.

简介：本文利用微分算子插值样条函数的方法给出了W2^1[a,b]空间再生核构造的新方法，证实了求解微分方程边值问题的方法（[1]再生核空间数值分析[M]．科学出版社，2004），其实是本文方法的一种特例．

简介：AKerr-lens,mode-lockedYVO4∕Nd:YVO4lasercoupledwithanacousto-opticmodulator（AOM）Q-switchingnear1064nmwasemployedtopumpanintracavityKTiOPO4（KTP）opticalparametricoscillator.Asubnanosecondsignalwavenear1572nmwithlowrepetitionratewasrealized.AtanAOMrepetitionrateof8kHz,themaximumoutputpowerwas165mW.Thehighestaveragepulseenergy,theshortestduration,andthehighestpeakpowerofamode-lockingsignalpulsewereestimatedtobe～10.3μJ,～120ps,and～82kW,respectively.