简介:ThispaperpresentstherheologicalbehaviourofsupercriticalCO_2(sCO_2)foamatreservoirconditionsof1500psiand80°C.DifferentcommercialsurfactantswerescreenedandutilizedinordertogenerateafairlystableCO_2foam.Mixedsurfactantsystemwasalsointroducedtogeneratestrongfoam.Foamrheologywasstudiedforsomespecificfoamqualitiesusingahighpressurehightemperature(HPHT)foamlooprheometer.Atypicalshearthinningbehaviourofthefoamwasobservedandasignificantincreaseinthefoamviscositywasnoticedwiththeincreaseoffoamqualityuntil85%.Adesiredhighapparentviscositywithcoarsetexturewasfoundat85%foamquality.Foamvisualizationabove85%showedanunstablefoamduetoextremelythinlamellawhichcollapsedandtotallydisappearedinthelooprheometer.Below5_2%,anon-homogenousandunstablefoamwasfoundhavinglowviscositywithsomeliquidaccumulationatthebottomofthecirculationloop.ThisresearchhasdemonstratedrheologyofsCO_2foamsatdifferentqualitiesatHPHTtoobtainoptimalfoamqualityregionforimmiscibleCO_2foamco-injectionprocess.
简介:瓣鳃类壳的稳定的同位素的作文广泛地被用来重建palaeo气候和palaeo环境。瓣鳃类壳的同位素的作文仍然在争论的碳的气候、环境的意义,和新陈代谢的碳的加入能遮住溶解的无机的碳的碳同位素记录。这研究处理淡水瓣鳃类,Corbiculafluminea霰石壳。结果显示与主人水从平衡扔并且显示出ontogenic的瓣鳃类壳的13C价值减少,显示有新陈代谢的效果,更多的新陈代谢的碳被合并到更大的壳。壳的新陈代谢的碳的比例在19.8%和26.8%之间变化。然而,13CS能仍然被用作发生在壳生长期间的13CDIC和环境过程的质的指示物。
简介:WesampledthesedimentsoftheEastChinaSeaduring2005and2006,andanalysedthecontentsofthebiogenicmatters:biogenicsilica,organiccarbon,andorganicnitrogen.Fromthesurfacedistributionwefoundthecontentsofthesesubstancestobeintherangesof0.72%-1.64%,0.043%-0.82%,and0.006%-0.11%,respectively.Theirdistributionsweresimilartoeachother,beinghighinsidetheHangzhouBayandlowoutsidethebay.Theverticalvariationsofthecontentswerealsosimilar.Inordertodiscusstherelationbetweenthemweanalysedthevariationsofcontentwithdepth.Theyincreasedinthefirst7cmandthendecreasedwithdepth.Thepeakswerefoundatdepthsbetween20to25cm.Thedistributionofcarbonateshowedanoppositetrendtothatofbiogenicmatters.Thecontentoftotalcarbonwasrelativelystablewithrespecttodepth,andtheratioofhighorganiccarbontocarbonateshowedalowburialefficiencyofcarbonate,whichmeansthatthemainburialofcarbonisorganiccarbon.Inordertodiscussthesourceoforganicmatters,theratiooforganiccarbontoorganicnitrogenwascalculated,whichwas8.01to9.65,indicatingthattheorganicmatterinthesedimentswasderivedmainlyfromphytoplanktonintheseawater.
简介:这研究处理了土壤的分发特征器官的碳(SOC)和有在六个土壤剖面的深度的稳定的碳同位素组成(delta~(13)C价值)的变化,包括在西南中国的石灰岩地区常见的地形区域的二个土类和三植被型。植物主导的种类的delta~(13)C价值,叶发出,土壤被测量使用封口试管高温度的燃烧方法。玷污石灰石土壤剖面的内容都在11.4g/kg上面的器官的碳,与在表面土壤的71.1g/kg的最高的价值。然而,内容在三黄壤侧面在2.9g/kg和46.0g/kg之间变化。C土壤有机物(SOM)珍视的最大、最小的delta~(13)之间的差别为三黄壤侧面每千每千从2.2改变到2.9。但是它为石灰石土壤剖面每千每千从0.8改变到1.6。对比研究在器官的碳的垂直模式和在黄壤和石灰石土壤之间的SOM的delta~(13)C价值显示了那在那里存在的重要差别。这差别可以反映地点特定的因素,例如土类,植被型,土壤pH,和粘粒含量,等等,哪个控制在侧面包括SOM和土壤碳周转率的不同器官的部件的内容。在SOM的稳定的碳同位素的垂直变化模式有一不同地区性,在石灰岩地区常见的地形区域的特性。
简介:MethaneemissionfluxfromricepaddiesinGuizhouprovinceshowsobviousthreestagediurnalvariations;Itisrelativelylowfromthemorningtothenoon,thensuccessivelyincreasesintheafternoonandatnight,andfinallyfollowsagradualdecrease.Theδ13CvaluesoftracemethaneemittedfromricepaddiesinGuizhouProvincerangefrom-64.5‰to-54.1‰withanaverageof-60.7‰,veryclosetothereportedvaluesfromAmericaorKenya.
简介:城市的土壤,与城市的发展一起形成,有土壤的唯一的性质器官的碳。根据地调查和实验室分析,玷污Kaifeng的器官的碳(SOC)城市被学习,并且结果证明SOC的特征在在城市的区域的功能区域之中是不同的不仅,而且在城市的区域和郊区之间。在表层土的SOC的顺序是工业区域>娱乐区域>交通区域>文化/教育的区域>居住/行政的区域。土壤的密度在表层土和侧面的器官的碳(SOCD)跟随了娱乐区域的订单>工业区域>交通区域>文化/教育的区域>居住/行政的区域,和文化/教育的区域s>交通区域>工业区域>娱乐区域>行政/居住的区域分别地。在表层土和侧面的SOCD从城市的区域沿着横断线减少了到郊区,城市的区域有2.53褶层在表层土和1.56褶层的更多的SOCD在侧面的更多的SOCD比郊区分别地。SOC与深度减少了并且主要在030厘米的范围以内被散布。在城市的区域的SOC的变化在郊区是比那更复杂的。
简介:克莱矿物质能在土壤和含水土层妨碍各种各样的沾染物的运输,但是泥土矿物质怎么在含水土层影响nanoparticles的运输,没深入地被调查。在这份报纸,表面活化剂的运输在明确的石英沙驱散多围的碳nanotubes(MWCNT),有改变离子的力量的石英沙和泥土矿物质(kaolinite和montmorillonite)的混合物被学习。钠dodecylbenzenesulfonate(SDBS)和MWCNT暂停能容易通过石英沙移植的octyl-phenol-ethoxylate(TX100),而是在石英沙罐头的不到2%w/w泥土矿物质的存在显著地妨碍MWCNT暂停的运输,特别在高离子力量(0.6公里CaCl2)。为在多孔的媒介的分散表面活化剂的MWCNT的泥土矿物质的抑制机制是MWCNT的拦截。因为更多的kaolinite能在石英沙被保留,Kaolinite比montmorillonite为MWCNT运输有更强壮的抑制效果。由泥土矿物质的表面活化剂的吸附不显著地影响MWCNT的运输。这发现为对在土壤和含水土层的MWCNT运输风险的环境评价是重要的。
简介:Theanalysisofstableisotopesofcarbonandoxygenindifferentcarbonaterocksbythephosphoricacidmethodisnoteasierthanthatbythelasersamplingmethoddevelopedinrecentyears,whichopticallyfocuseslaserbeamswithsufficientenergyonamicroareaofathinsectioninavacuumsampleboxviamicroscope.CO2producedbyheatingdecompositionofcarbonatewaspurifiedbythevacuumsystem,andthestableisotopicvaluesofcarbonandoxygenwerecalculatedandanalyzedonamassspectrometer.Thispaperadoptedthelasermicro-samplingtechniquetoanalyzethestableisotopesofcarbonandoxygenindolomite,carbonatecement,stromatoliteanddifferentformsofdawsonite(donbassite).Resultsindicatedthatthelasermicro-samplingmethodiseffectiveinanalyzingcarbonatecompositionandcouldbeaconvincingproofforjustificationoncarbonatecompositionanalysis.
简介:Floodingtimingandfrequencymayhavedifferenteffectsonthegrowthandcarbonmetabolismofplantsinwetlands.WetestedthishypothesisusingthreemarshplantsinSanjiangPlain,whichweregrowingindifferentfloodingtimingandfrequencyenvironmentsfor24days.Thethreemarshplantsindifferentelevationsalongawater-levelgradient,high-elevationspeciesCalamagrostisangustifolia,mid-elevationspeciesCarexlimosaandlow-elevationspeciesCarexlasiocarpa.Ourexperimentincluded6kindsoftreatments:control,longerfloodingtiming,medialfloodingtimingandfrequency(2treatments),andhigherfloodingfrequency(2treatments).LongerfloodingtimingandhigherfloodingfrequencytreatmentsledtosimilarreductionsinbiomassaccumulationandrelativegrowthrateofCalamagrostisangustifolia,whereasgrowthofCarexlimosawasnotaffectedbyeitherfloodingtimingorfrequency.However,biomassaccumulationandrelativegrowthrateofCarexlasiocarpawasonlyreducedbythehigherfloodingfrequency.StarchandsolublesugarcontentsofCalamagrostisangustifoliawerenegativelyaffectedbyfloodingfrequency.OnCarexlimosa,higherfloodingfrequencyresultedinhigherstarchcontent,butlongerfloodingtimingledtoaccumulatedstarchcontentinCarexlasiocarpa.SolublesugarcontentsofCarexlasiocarpaandCarexlimosawerenotaffectedbyeitherfloodingtimingorfloodingfrequency.Theseresultsindicatedthatgrowthresponsesofthethreemarshplantstofloodingtimingandfrequencywascloselyrelatedtothedifferentphysiologyofcarbohydratemetabolism.
简介:Lomagundi-Jatuli事件(LJE)是保存13C在在世界范围的Paleoproterozoic碳酸盐的+5和+16之间的carb价值。然而,这些旅行的持续时间,振幅和模式仍然保持糟糕抑制了。在北方中国Craton的2.14-1.83GaHutuo组是一>10km厚火山--沉积顺序,包括>5km在在上被扔的厚保存得很好的碳酸盐--对亚tidal环境潮汐。碳酸盐的152件最不改变的样品的公司同位素、元素的分析揭示了三阶段的13C进化。它以只积极的13Ccarb(+1.3到+3.4)在Dashiling和Qingshicun形成在~上演2.1Ga碳酸盐,从积极价值由转变列在后面到震荡在~的积极、否定的价值3000mWenshan,Hebiancun,Jianancun,和Daguandong形成的厚碳酸盐,并且与只否定的13C保存在的carb价值>500mHuaiyincun和Beidaxing形成的厚dolostones。看来许多LJE,特别地那些极其积极的13Ccarb信号,没在Hutuo碳酸盐被记录。只积极的13Ccarb价值(+1.3到+3.4)多半在更低的形成保存了对应于LJE的目的,而随后二个阶段反映LJE和Shunga-Francevillian事件(SFE)的发作的余殃。现在的数据点到碳上的氧的增加的影响从Doucun骑车到Dongye亚群并且证明在北方中国Craton的LJE的结束与在Fennoscandia和南非的那些是将近同时的。
简介:Onthebasisofproposingtheexistenceofakarstcarboncycleandcarbonsinkatawatershedscale,thispaperprovidesfourpiecesofevidencefor;theintegrationofgeologyandecologyduringthecarboncycleprocessesmthekarstdynamicsystem,andestxmatedthekarstcarbonsinkeffectusingthemethodsofcomparativemonitoringofpairedwatershedsandthecarbonstableisotopetracertechnique.TheresultsofthesoilcarboncycleinMaocun,Guilin,showedthatthesoilcarboncycleinthekarstarea,theweatheringanddissolutionofcarbonaterocksunderthesoil,resultedinalowersoilrespirationof25%inthekarstoareathaninanon-karstarea(sandstoneandshale),andthecarbonisotoperesultsindicatedthat13.46%oftheheavycarbonofthehmestoneisinvolvedinthesoilcarboncycle.Thecomparativemonitoringresultsmpaxredwatersheds,suggestingthattheHCO3concentrationmakarstspringis10timesthatofarivuletinanon-karstarea,whiletheconcentrationofinorganiccarbonfluxis23.8times.Withbothchemicalstoichiometryandcarbonstableisotopes,theproportionofcarboninkarstspringsderivedfromcarbonaterockswasfoundtobe58.52%and37.65%respectively.Thecomparisononcarbonexchangeandisotopesatthewater-gasinterfacebetweenthegraniteandcarbonaterockbasinsintheLiRivershowedthattheCO2emissionofthekarstwateris10.92timesthatoftheallogenicwaterfromthenon-karstarea,whilethecarbonisotopeofHCO3^-inkarstwaterislighterby8.62%.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatthekarstwaterbodyhasalargercarbonsourceeffect.Onthecontrary,itmeansthekarstwaterbodyhasagreaterkarstcarbonsinkeffect.WhenthekarstsubterraneanstreaminZhaidi,Guilin,isexposedatthesurface,carbon-richkarstwaterstimulatedthegrowthofaquaticplants.Thevaluesofcarbonstableisotopesinthesamespeciesofsubmergedplantsgraduallybecomesheavierandheavier,andthe512mflowprocesshasamaximumrangeof15.46%.Thecalculationresultsshowe
简介:土壤腐殖的碳是土壤的一个重要部件在陆上的生态系统的器官的碳(SOC)。然而,到日期的学习都没调查它的地理模式和在大规模影响它的主要因素,尽管它为在土壤C存储和周转上探索气候变化的影响是批评的。我们测量了SOC的层次,腐殖的酸碳(HAC),fulvic酸碳(FAC),humin碳(HUC),并且在沿着3800-km的九个典型森林里的0-10厘米土壤层的可引出的腐植质碳(HEC)东方中国(NSTEC)的纵贯的横断阐明土壤的纬度的模式腐殖的碳部分和他们的主要影响因素。SOC,HAC,FAC,HUC,和HEC与增加纬度增加了(所有P<0.001),并且展出了一个一般趋势热带<副热带<适度。到SOC的腐殖的C部分的比率是9.48%-12.27%(HAC),20.68%-29.31%(FAC),和59.37%-61.38%(HUC)。气候,土壤质地,和土壤微生物联合在SOC,HAC,FAC,HEC,和HUC解释了超过90%纬度的变化,并且交互效果是重要的。这些调查结果阐明纬度的模式在大规模在森林里玷污腐殖的C部分,并且可以改进土壤C周转和存储的模型。
简介:TheInternationalCentreforTheoreticalPhysics(ICTP,Italy)RegionalClimateModelversion3.0(RegCM3)isusedtosimulatespatio-temporaldistributioncharacteristicsandradiativeforcing(RF)oforganiccarbon(OC)aerosolsinandaroundChina.ThepreliminarysimulationresultsshowthatOCaerosolsaremostlyconcentratedintheareatothesouthofYellowRiverandeastofTibetanPlateau.ThereisadecreasingtrendofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsfromsouthtonorthinChina.ThemaximumvalueofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsisabove3mg/m2andlocatedinthecentralandsouthernChina,southeasternTibet,andsouthwesternChina’sYunnan,Guizhou,Sichuanprovinces.ThesimulationontheseasonalvariationshowsthatthemaximumvalueofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsappearsinwinterandthesecondaryvalueisinspringandtheminimuminsummer.TheRFofOCaerosolswhichvariesseasonallyisnegativeatthetopoftheatmosphere(TOA)andsurface.Thespatio-temporalcharacteristicsoftheRFofOCaerosolsarebasicallyconsistentwiththatofIPCC,implyingthehighaccuracyoftheparameterizationschemeforOCaerosolsinRegCM3.
简介:Organicmatterwasexperimentallyextractedbysupercriticalfluids(CO2+1%isopropanol)frompetroleumsourcerocksofdifferentthermo-maturitiesatdifferentburieddepthsinthesamestratigraphicunitintheDongyingBasin.Theresultsshowthatsupercriticalfluidextraction(SFE)ismoreeffectivethanSoxhletextraction(SE),withhigheramountsandgreatervarietiesofhydrocarbonsandsolubleorganicmatterbecomingextractive.ThesupercriticalCO2extractionisthereforeconsideredmorevaluableinevaluationofpetroleumsourcerocksandoilresources,particularlythoseofimmaturetypes.
简介:在Shennongjia区域的Doushantuo继任的地球化学和paleogeography不足地被学习了。这里,我们在碳上报导,EdiacaranDoushantuo的氧同位素作文在Shennongjia区域从四节(Longxi,Muyu,Yazikou和Songluo)盖住碳酸盐。一个大C同位素的坡度(~5)在Longxi和Songluo节之间,这里第一次识别了,被推断到被光合作用动态地在深水里在表面水和溶解的器官的碳(文档)的厌氧的氧化里维持了。在在四节之中的C同位素chemostratigraphy的空间变化与Marinoan冰期后的海平面的举起变化有关。在Longxi,积极13C在包含像圆锥形帐蓬的结构的地平线下面的carb移动在早回归期间源于强烈光合作用。否定13C在圆锥形帐蓬地平线以内的carb移动被与13弄空C的溶解的无机的碳(DIC)在迟了的回归期间。积极13Ccarb旅行在最高帽子碳酸盐的部分与有关在早违反期间提高主要生产率和有机物埋葬。在Muyu,碳同位素的变化趋势,在Longxi类似于那,可能被表面水环境温和地影响了。在Songluo,积极13C直到在帽子碳酸盐的更低的部分的-4,carb旅行可能在深水里与methanogenesis被联系在期间晚,到早回归并且随后的违反在迟了的回归期间由于甲烷水合物的分解消失了。在Yazikou,一致地稳定的13C在-4附近的carb价值显示帽子碳酸盐可能在中间的水深度扔了。是由学习节的诊断沉积特征证实了,Shennongjia区域的palaeogeographic框架展出了在雪球土的余殃在早Ediacaran时期期间从SE加深到NW。
简介:Theinterestinthenationallevelsoftheterrestrialcarbonsinkanditsspatialandtemporalvariabil-itywiththeclimateandCO2concentrationshasbeenincreasing.HowtheclimateandtheincreasingatmosphericCO2concentrationsinthelastcenturyaffectthecarbonstorageincontinentalChinawasin-vestigatedinthisstudybyusingtheModifiedSheffeldDynamicGlobalVegetationModel(M-SDGVM).TheestimatesoftheM-SDGVMindicatedthatduringthepast100yearsacombinationofincreasingCO2withhistoricaltemperatureandprecipitationvariabilityincontinentalChinahavecausedthetotalvege-tationcarbonstoragetoincreaseby2.04PgC,with2.07PgCgainedinthevegetationbiomassbut0.03PgClostfromtheorganicsoilcarbonmatter.TheincreasingCO2concentrationinthe20thcenturyisprimarilyresponsiblefortheincreaseofthetotalpotentialvegetationcarbon.Thesefactorialexperimentsshowthattemperaturevariabilityalonedecreasesthetotalcarbonstorageby1.36PgCandprecipitationvariabilityalonecausesalossof1.99PgC.TheeffectoftheincreasingCO2concentrationaloneincreasedthetotalcarbonstorageinthepotentialvegetationofChinaby3.22PgCoverthepast100years.Withthechangingoftheclimate,theCO2fertilizationonChina'secosystemsistheresultoftheenhancednetbiomeproduction(NBP),whichiscausedbyagreaterstimulationofthegrossprimaryproduction(GPP)thanthetotalsoil-vegetationrespiration.OurstudyalsoshowsnotableinterannualanddecadalvariationsinthenetcarbonexchangebetweentheatmosphereandterrestrialecosystemsinChinaduetothehistoricalclimatevariability.
简介:经由到河口的河的器官的碳的运输是在全球碳周期的一个重要geochemical过程。这份报纸论述体积总数从Dongjiang集水的器官的碳(TOC)到邻近的Humen插头,并且在表面沉积为有机物的来源作为指示物讨论13C的适用性和碳的比率到氮(C/N)。调查结果证明在夏天的器官的碳集中比在冬季高。TOC的一个提高的趋势在调查,和最高吝啬的价值沿着河发生了到Humen插头溶解,特别的器官的碳(DOC279摩尔L1和POC163摩尔L1)在夏天洪水流动在城市的三角形的区域被观察。冬季样品有大量13C和C/N(13C24.6~30.0,C/N413),并且夏天一稍微变化了(13C24.2~27.6,C/N618)。当结果建议在upstream-delta-outlet的三个地区的那个停靠港主导地来自河岸土壤,浮游植物和农业C3在冬季种,而主要来源在夏天从河岸和红树属植物土壤。而且,人为的污水输入有11%和7%贡献到停靠港在三角形并且插头。伴有季节的淡水变化,浮游植物生产和降级的运输,和移动行为引起了器官的碳集中的变化。结果也发现在Dongjiang的那TOC出口体积是在干燥流动的Humen流动的约一个季度,并且人为的活动显著地影响了河出口贡献。
简介:在这研究,我们在在Sanggou海湾从文化区域收集的核心沉积估计了埋葬流动和碳的不同形式的来源约会,并且preliminarily为无机的碳埋葬流动的更大的比例分析了原因(BFTIC)。在Sanggou海湾的全部的碳(TC)的平均内容是2.14%。全部的器官的碳(TOC)在TC说明了一个小比例,哪个中的超过65%个源于源自陆地的器官的碳(Ct),并且当时导出水兵的器官的碳的比例(C自从大规模水产业的开始,)显著地增加了。全部的无机的碳(TIC)在挥舞从贝导出的小自然贝壳的时期(18801948)期间与最大值说明了TC,其一般水准是60%,的60%75%直到90%无机的碳(Shell-IC)。TC埋葬流动从31g/(m2e范围6.61orming和解释费用。为所有图象的严厉级别被一样执行20raters,2weeks分开,并且与图象演讲的顺序使随机化。Intra老鼠testretest可靠性,内部老鼠的可靠性,和构造有效性被分享的多范畴多老鼠kappa统计决定。残余级别为为沟的intra老鼠可靠性是优秀的(kappa=0.957吗??