简介：目的：探索相对稳定性强、一致性好的大鼠角膜碱烧伤动物模型。方法：将87只SD大鼠分为角膜缘碱烧伤20s组（A组。34只），角膜缘碱烧伤40s组（B组，23只），角膜中央碱烧伤40s组（C组，30只），用浸润1mol／L氢氧化钠的滤纸片，分别烧灼大鼠角膜缘和角膜中央，术后7d裂隙灯显微镜观察角膜透明度、角膜溃疡及角膜新生血管情况，并记录上述指标。结果：角膜缘碱烧伤（B组）较角膜中央烧伤（c组）溃疡发生率、角膜穿孔率和角膜上皮荧光素钠染色阳性率高，且有统计学差异（P〈0．05）；角膜缘烧灼时间长组（B组）溃疡发生率及角膜穿孔率高于角膜缘烧灼时间短组（A组），且有统计学差异（P〈0．05）；烧灼角膜缘和角膜中央（A，B，c组）均能诱导出角膜新生血管。结论：对于研究角膜新生血管的动物模型，以选择3mm圆形滤纸片角膜中央烧伤为佳；对于研究角膜缘干细胞缺乏所致角膜病变的实验，以选择环形滤纸片放置于角膜缘20s为佳。

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethecharacteristicsandcriterionofgraftrejectioninmicemodel.METHODS:C57BL/6orBALB/cmicecornealgraftsweregraftedontoBALB/chosts.Eachgroupwasdividedintotwosubgroupsaccordingtothecornealopacityscores12daftertransplantation.Thecharacteristicsofopacityandneovascularizationwereobserved.Miceofthe12th,50thdayaftertransplantation,thegraftsbiopsyofmiceinallogeneicgroup1,whichopacityscoreexceed3,werepreparedforhistologicalobservationandthoserestoretransparentwereendothelialstained.RESULTS:Therewasnodifferenceofcornealopacityscoreonthe7thand12thdayafteroperation;thehistologicalresultshadnodisparitybetweensyngeneicgroupandallogeneicgroup.Onthe12thdayaftersurgery,theturbiditycurvewasapparentingraftswithopacityscore<2.Mononuclearcellswereshowningraftswithopacityscorereached3inallogeneicgroup1.Differentrejectionperformancewasobservedintissuesectionsonthe50thdayaftersurgery.CONCLUSION:Grafts,opacityscoreexceeds3fromthe7thtothe12thdayafteroperationcouldnotbejudgedasarejection.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothevariationofgraftsopacitysince12daftercornealtransplantation.

简介：视网膜色素变性是一类以光感受器细胞及色素上皮细胞功能丧失为共同表现的疾病，具有遗传倾向性，通过选择不同的视网膜色素变性（relinitispigmentosa，RP）动物模型可以针对不同遗传方式的RP进行研究，皇家外科学院（royalcollegesurgeons，RCS）大鼠是常染色体隐性遗传的经典动物模型，现将基于RCS大鼠模型的RP治疗研究进展综述如下。

简介：AIM:Todefinetheultrasonographicstructureofnormallowereyelidanatomiccompartmentsandtheirspacialrelationshipindynamicmotion.METHODS:Highresolutionultrasound(15MHz)wasperformedonthelowereyelidsof7normalsubjects.Movementsofthelowereyelidanditscompartmentswerevisualizedwithultrasound.Inaddition,themaximalexcursionareaofthelowereyelidfatcompartmentsandretractormotionswasmeasuredbeforeandaftermotion.RESULTS:Theorbicularismusclecouldbeseenasanecholucentstructurebetweenthedermisandtheechodencefatpads.Lowereyelidfatpadseemstobedividedinto2compartmentsasrangeofmotionanddirectionofmovementofeachofthemvaries.Itseemsthatthesecompartmentshavealsodifferentbehavior.Themeasuredprofileareaofthevisiblenormallowereyelidfatpadsduringmovementofglobefromup-gazetodown-gazedecreasedby50%.Orderofmovementoflowereyelidstructuresseemstobeasfollows:afterglobemovementfistweseeretractormovement,anteriororbitalfatpad,thenskinandseptum,andfinallymovementofinferiorfatpad.CONCLUSION:Ultrasoundrepresentsanoninvasivetoolforthevisualizationoflowereyelidmorphology.Expandingitsapplicationcouldhelpusunderstandthecompartmentalchangesinphysiologicaleyelidmovement,inaginganddiseasedstudypopulations,aswellasassessoperativeoutcomes.

简介：我科自2001年至2005年对广州市东山区部分幼儿园的5860名儿童中的1200名学龄前儿童进行连续4年的屈光状态调查，报告如下。

简介：目的观察壳聚糖对兔青光眼滤过手术模型中VEGF表达的影响,探讨壳聚糖在青光眼滤过手术中抗瘢痕形成的应用价值。方法将健康成年大白兔随机分为实验组（A组）,以2.5%壳聚糖液注射手术部位,手术对照组（B组）和正常对照组（C组）,术后1w、2w、4w、12w免疫组织化学染色,比较三组VEGF（Vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF）阳性表达率,观察眼压情况。结果术后免疫组织化学染色结果显示B组VEGF阳性表达率较高,A、C组较低。三组眼压有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论壳聚糖在兔青光眼滤过手术模型中的应用可以下调VEGF的表达,更持久地降低眼压。

简介：目的：探讨HSP60（热休克蛋白60）在大鼠急性青光眼模型视网膜组织中的表达及其与血清中相应抗体的关系。方法：将SD大鼠70只随机分为高眼压组60只，正常对照组10只。大鼠全身及表面麻醉后，将一盛有等渗的生理盐水的储容器相连的7号针头于3：00位的角膜缘处刺入前房，提升储容器的高度，使眼内压达到110mmHg，但不超过150mmHg，观察大鼠眼前段变白，且视网膜色白，未见红色反光时即为视网膜缺血，缺血1h后再灌注，并于再灌注后2，6，12，24，72，168h将大鼠麻醉过量致死，处死前测眼压，抽血2mL，供酶联免疫吸附测定使用，分析视网膜组织内HSP60抗原产生的血清中相应抗体水平。并立即取出眼球，同时对鼠眼视网膜组织进行石蜡切片，采用免疫组化法检测视网膜组织中HSP60的表达及分布情况，并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果：急性高眼压诱导的视网膜缺血／再灌注组眼压明显升高，视网膜组织中的HSP60阳性表达率在术后各时间点，高眼压组与正常对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（F=97．21，40．72，83．85，95．82，48．63及44．37，均P〈0．01）。神经节细胞（retinalganglioncell，RGC）中HSP60阳性表达随着眼压升高及高眼压持续时间延长逐渐增强，且视网膜神经纤维层中也出现较明显的HSP60阳性表达。结论：HSP60表达增强可能在急性高眼压所致的视神经病变中具有重要作用。

简介：目的探讨边缘系统兴奋对耳鸣状态下听觉传导主要核团下丘外核（extemalnucleusofinferiorcolliculus，ICx）放电的影响。方法采用细胞外记录方法，观察急性水杨酸（sodiumsalicylate，SA）耳鸣模型大鼠杏仁外侧核（lateralamygdaloidnucleus，LA）自发放电及电刺激LA后ICx自发放电活动和放电间隔直方图。结果1．SA模型大鼠LA神经元平均自发放电率较正常对照组增加（5．42±0．68Hzvs3．36±0.24Hz，P〈0．01）。2．电刺激LA2h后，正常对照组大鼠的ICx平均自发放电率较刺激前增加（7．90±0．85Hzvs3．21±0．41Hz，P〈0．01）；0～50ms间隔放电脉冲比例由31．9％增加到55．1％。3．急性SA模型大鼠在电刺激LA前，ICx的平均自发放电率（7．63±0．70Hz）已高于正常对照组，其中0—6ms短间隔放电比例明显增加；刺激LA后2h内，ICx神经元平均自发放电率降低（5．66±1．05Hz）与电刺激前比有差异（P〈0．05），但较正常组刺激前，自发放电活动仍明显增加；0～20ms的ICx自发放电脉冲数比例明显下降（28．4％vs14．5％）。结论大剂量SA可引起LA和ICx神经元放电增加；SA引起的LA神经元兴奋可引起ICx兴奋程度的改变，耳鸣是否伴随情绪因素，有待进一步研究。

简介：目的：改良法建立大鼠后发性白内障动物模型并观察LEC在PCO过程中的动态变化。方法：SD大鼠50只在连续环形撕囊、水分离后行晶状体囊外摘除术（ECLE）,娩核后使用无菌空气恢复前房。分别于术后0,3,7,14及28d对术眼进行裂隙灯检查并处死动物,摘除眼球行光镜观察,免疫组化检测LEC的α-SMA表达。结果：100%术眼后囊膜存在,84%的鼠眼可用于检测。术后0h于前囊下和赤道部的内表面观察到LEC。PCO在术后3d出现,出现囊膜皱缩,整个晶体囊膜出现纺锤形细胞。术后7d时后囊膜明显混浊,见较多纺锤形细胞分布。所有动物于术后14d出现明显后囊膜皱缩,可见新生晶体纤维。术后28d见明显后囊膜增厚,新生晶体纤维填充囊袋,后囊膜未见细胞。LEC形态及分布恢复到术后0h状态。免疫组化检测见术后3d时α-SMA阳性表达。结论：改良法成功建立大鼠PCO模型,LEC在PCO形成中出现形态和分布上的动态变化。其将为在分子水平上探索PCO的发病机制及防治方法提供合适研究载体。

简介：AIM:Toexaminetheexpressionofsurvivinandvascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF)duringthedevelopmentofretinalneovascularization(NV)inamousemodel.·METHODS:Awell-characterizedmurinemodelofretinalNVwasusedtostudytheexpressionofsurvivinandVEGF.NVoftheretinawasinducedinmicebyexposureto75%O2frompostnataldayP7toP12,followedbyreturntoroomairfromP12toP17.ExpressionofsurvivinandVEGFproteinwasanalyzedbyImmunohistochemistry.Inaddition,mousemodelofproliferativeretinopathywasanalyzedbyretinalfluoresceinangiographyandquantificationanalysis.·RESULTS:Thenormalmicehadbothsuperfiekalanddeepvascularlayersthatextendedfromtheopticnervetotheperiphery.Inintraocularpressure(IOP)micewerecharacterizedbyrepresentatypicalpatternofpathologicalretinalNV.Therearelessorlittlenucleiofnewvesselsvascularendothelialcellbreakingthroughtheinnerretinalthaninretinopathyofprematurity(ROP)mice,largeclustersofbloodvesselswereadherenttotheinternallimitingmembrane(ILM)(0.27±0.20vs23.38±1.027,t=9.454,P<0.001).DuringtheangiogenicperiodfromP13toP17,survivinandVEGFproteinexpressionincreasedinexperimentalretinascomparedwithcontrolsamples(2.56±0.46vs3.34±0.40,t=17.43,P<0.01:2.18±0.75vs4.34±0.25,t=19.61,P<0.01).ProteinlevelsofVEGFandsurvivnhassignificantlypositivecorrelation(P<0.05,r=0.411).·CONCLUSION:CorrelationwasmadeattheproteinlevelsofsurvivinexpressioncomparedwiththatofVEGFinamurinemodelofretinalNV,whichsuggestsatemporalroleforsurvivinandVEGFinnewvesselformationinresponsetohypoxicstimulation.

简介：目的：建立链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）诱导的小鼠增殖性糖尿病视网膜病（proliferativediabeticretinopathy,PDR）动物模型,并观察在增殖性糖尿病视网膜病发生、发展过程中血管内皮生长因子（vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF）及其受体（VEGFR1,VEGFR2）,金属基质蛋白酶（matrixmetalloproteinase,MMP）2,MMP9表达的变化。方法：C57BL/6J小鼠连续5d腹腔注射STZ（55mg/kg）。末次注射后7d检测血糖浓度。糖尿病诱导成功的小鼠和正常小鼠继续饲养3~5mo。实验结束后进行视网膜病理组织观察,并利用CD31免疫荧光染色检测视网膜血管的分布情况。采用实时定量荧光PCR分析检测VEGF,VEGFR1,VEGFR2,MMP2,MMP9的基因表达。结果：视网膜组织病理观察和CD31免疫荧光染色实验结果均表明5月龄的糖尿病小鼠视网膜组织中血管数目明显比同月龄正常小鼠多。同时,与同月龄正常小鼠相比,5月龄糖尿病小鼠视网膜组织中VEGF,VEGFR1,VEGFR2,MMP2,MMP9的基因表达也明显增加。结论：本研究表明STZ诱导的糖尿病小鼠在5月龄时发生了增殖性糖尿病视网膜病的病变,期间视网膜组织中VEGF,VEGFR1,VEGFR2,MMP2,MMP9的基因表达都明显增加。

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatetheaccuracyofintraocularpressure(IOP)asmeasuredbyaReichertOcularResponseAnalyzer(ORA),aswellastherelationshipbetweencentralcornealthickness(CCT)andIOPasmeasuredbyORA,Goldmannapplanationtonometry(GAT),anddynamiccontourtonometry(DCT).·METHODS:Atotalof158healthyindividuals(296eyes)werechosenrandomlyformeasurementofIOP.AfterCCTwasmeasuredusingA-ultrasound(A-US),IOPwasmeasuredbyORA,GAT,andDCTdevicesinarandomizedorder.TheIOPvaluesacquiredusingeachofthethreetonometrieswerecompared,andtherelationshipbetweenCCTandIOPvalueswereanalyzedseparately.TwoIOPvalues,Goldmann-correlatedIOPvalue(IOPg)andcorneal-compensatedintraocularpressure(IOPcc),weregotusingORA.ThreegroupsweredefinedaccordingtoCCT:1)thincornea(CCT<520μm);2)normal-thicknesscornea(CCT:520-580μm);and3)thickcornea(CCT>580μm)groups.·RESULTS:Innormalsubjects,IOPmeasurementswere14.95±2.99mmHgwithORA(IOPg),15.21±2.77mmHgwithORA(IOPcc),15.22±2.77mmHgwithGAT,and15.49±2.56mmHgwithDCT.Meandifferenceswere0.01±2.29mmHgbetweenIOPccandGAT(P>0.05)and0.28±2.20mmHgbetweenIOPccandDC(P>0.05).TherewasagreatercorrelationbetweenIOPccandDCT(r=0.946,P=0.000)thanthatbetweenIOPccandGAT(r=0.845,P=0.000).DCThadasignificantcorrelationwithGAT(r=0.854,P=0.000).GATwasmoderatelycorrelatedwithCCT(r=0.296,P<0.001),whileIOPccshowedaweakbutsignificantcorrelationwithCCT(r=0.155,P=0.007).TherewasastrongnegativecorrelationbetweenCCTandthedifferencebetweenIOPccandGAT(r=-0.803,P=0.000),withevery10increaseinCCTresultinginanincreaseinthisdifferenceof0.35mmHg.Thethickcorneagroup(CCT>580μm)showedtheleastsignificantcorrelationbetweenIOPccandGAT(r=0.859,P=0.000);whilethethincorneagroup(CCT<520μm)hadthemostsignificantcorrelationbetweenIOPccandGAT(r=0.926,P=0.000).ThecorrelateddifferencesbetweenIOPccan

简介：·AIM:Toexploretheeffectofimmunizationwithcopolymer-1(COP-1)andretinalstemcells(RSCs)transplantationoninterferon-gamma(IFN-γ)levelsinaratexperimentalglaucomamodel.·METHODS:Anexperimentalglaucomawasinducedbyargonlaserphotocoagulationoftheepiscleralveinsandlimbalplexusintherighteyeofrats.Immediatelyfollowingglaucomainduction,ratswereimmunizedwithCOP-1.RSCswereculturedandtransplantedintravitreallyintotheeyesofglaucomamodelanimals1weekpost-lasertreatment.Sixexperimentalgroupswereused:COP-1/RSC,PBS/RSC,COP-1/PBS,PBS/PBS,glaucomamodelgroup,andanormalcontrolgroup.TheconcentrationofIFN-γinaqueoushumor(AH)andserumwasmeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)ineachofthesixgroups.Retinalganglioncell(RGC)survivalwasassessedbyquantifyingapoptosisusingHoechststaining.·RESULTS:ConcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumofratsthathadundergoneglaucomainductionwerehigherthanthoseofnon-inducedcontrolrats.TheconcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCstreatedgroupweredeterminedtobe2371.9ng/Land710.9ng/L,respectively,whichweresignificantlylowerthanthoseintheothertreatedgroups(P<0.05).Infact,IFN-γlevelsinthedualtreatedgroupwerereducedtobackgroundlevels.TheCOP-1/RSCgrouphadlowernumberofapoptoticRGCsthantheotherthreeexperimentalgroups(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:ThereducedlevelsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCgroupmayberelatedtosynergisticeffectsbetweenRSCstransplantationandCOP-1immunemodulation.ItislikelythatthelowerlevelsofIFN-γpreventedRGCsglaucomatousapoptosis.·

简介：在瞬息万变的信息化社会里,加强医学生创新能力的培养是适应医学发展的必要条件。本文结合眼科学的特点,初步探讨在眼科教学活动中医学生创新能力培养所存在的问题和解决方案,为提高医学生的创新能力,更好的服务临床提供帮助。

简介：为贯彻落实《中共中央国务院关于加强青少年体育增强青少年体质的意见》（中发[2007]7号）精神，加强保护学生视力的工作，特制定本工作方案。

简介：AIM:Tostudythedistributionofocularhigher-orderaberrations(HOAs)andmesopicpupilsizeinindividualsscreenedforrefractivesurgery.·METHODS:OcularHOAsandmesopicpupilsizewerestudiedin2458eyesof1240patientswithmyopia,myopicastigmatismandcompoundmyopicastigmatismand215eyesof110patientswithhyperopia,hyperopicastigmatismandcompoundhyperopicastigmatismusingtheZywaveaberrometer(Busch&Lomb).Allpatientshadcorrectablerefractiveerrorswithoutahistoryofrefractivesurgeryorunderlyingdiseases.Root-mean-squarevaluesofHOAs,totalsphericalaberration,totalcomaandmesopicpupilsizewereanalyzed.OcularHOAsweremeasuredacrossa≥6.0mmpupil,andpupilsizemeasurementswereperformedunderthemesopiccondition.·RESULTS:ThemeanvaluesofHOAs,totalsphericalaberrationandtotalcomainthemyopicgroupwere0.369μm,±0.233,0.133±0.112μmand0.330±0.188μm,respectively.InthehyperopicgroupthemeanvaluesofHOAs,totalsphericalaberrationandtotalcomawere0.418μm±0.214,0.202±0.209μmand0.343±0.201μm,respectively.HyperopesshowedgreatertotalHOAs(P<0.01)andtotalsphericalaberration(P<0.01)comparedtomyopes.Inage-matchedanalysis,onlytheamountoftotalsphericalaberrationwashigherinthehyperopicgroup(P=0.05).Mesopicpupilsizeinthemyopicgroupwaslarger(P≤0.05).·CONCLUSION:TheresultssuggestedthatsignificantlevelsofHOAswerefoundinbothgroupswhichareimportantforplanningrefractivesurgeriesonIranians.Thereweresignificantlyhigherlevelsoftotalsphericalaberrationinhyperopescomparedtomyopes.Mesopicpupilsizewaslargerinmyopicgroup.