简介：OBJECTIVE:ToevaluatetheassociationofX-raycross-complementinggroup1(XRCC1)Arg399Gln,Arg194TrpandArg280Hispolymorphismswiththeriskofglioma.DATASOURCES:AsystematicliteraturesearchofpaperspublishedfromJanuary2000toAugust2012inPubMed,Embase,ChinaNationalKnowledgeInfrastructuredatabase,andWanfangdatabasewasperformed.Thekeywordsusedwere"glioma","polymorphism",and"XRCC1orX-rayrepaircross-complementinggroup1".Referencescitedintheretrievedarticleswerescreenedmanuallytoidentifyadditionaleligiblestudies.STUDYSELECTION:Studieswereidentifiedaccordingtothefollowinginclusioncriteria:case-controldesignwasbasedonunrelatedindividuals;andgenotypefrequencywasavailabletoestimateanoddsratio(OR)and95%confidenceinterval(CI).Meta-analysiswasperformedfortheselectedstudiesafterstrictscreening.Dominantandrecessivegeneticmodelswereusedandtherelationshipbetweenhomozygousmutantgenotypefrequenciesandmutantgenefrequencyandgliomaincidencewasinvestigated.WechosethefixedorrandomeffectmodelaccordingtotheheterogeneitytocalculateORand95%CI,andsensitivityanalyseswereconducted.PublicationbiaswasexaminedusingtheinvertedfunnelplotandtheEgger’stestusingStata12.0software.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:AssociationofXRCC1Arg399Gln,Arg194Trp,andArg280Hispolymorphismswiththeriskofglioma,andsubgroupanalyseswereperformedaccordingtodifferentethnicitiesofthesubjects.RESULTS:Twelvearticleswereincludedinthemeta-analysis.ElevenofthearticleswereconcernedwiththeArg399Glnpolymorphismandgliomaonsetrisk.Significantlyincreasedgliomariskswerefoundonlyinthedominantmodel(Gln/Gln+Gln/ArgversusArg/Arg:OR=1.26,95%CI=1.03-1.54,P=0.02).Inthesubgroupanalysisbyethnicity,significantlyincreasedriskwasfoundinAsiansubjectsintherecessive(OR=1.46,95%CI=1.04-2.45,P=0.03)anddominantmodels(OR=1.40,95%CI=1.10-1.78,P=0.007),andhomozygotecontrast(OR=1.69,95%CI=1.17-2.45,P=0.005),bu

简介：由王保国教授和周建新教授主编的《实用呼吸机治疗学》（第2版）已于2005年10月由人民卫生出版社出版。

简介：目的探讨脊髓挫伤部位的X线照射治疗对脊髓损伤后运动功能恢复的作用.方法将70只雌性Wistar大鼠按照纽约大学的重力冲击方法建立大鼠脊髓（T10）损伤动物模型,按照随机数字表法分为7组,每组10只,其中6组大鼠在损伤后不同时间（损伤后20min、1d、2d、4d、7d、17d）对挫伤部位进行X线（20Gy）照射,第7组则不予照射（对照组）.然后根据Basso、Beattie、Bresnahan（BBB）评分标准评测各组大鼠运动功能恢复情况,并进行统计学比较.采用快蓝染色对存活6周以上的大鼠进行挫伤脊髓的组织形态学观察.结果脊髓挫伤后20min、1d、2d行X线照射组BBB评分明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且在脊髓损伤后的2～3周进展较快,后期恢复缓慢.组织形态学观察可见应用X线治疗组周边组织残存区面积大于对照组.结论脊髓挫伤部位伤后早期行X线照射治疗可保护脊髓残存的神经组织,改善运动功能的恢复.

简介：目的筛选缺血性卒中患者机械通气撤机成功的影响因素。方法采用前瞻性研究方法，对通过筛查试验和自主呼吸试验并满足撤机标准的30例急性缺血性卒中患者，检测机械通气前及撤机前的格拉斯哥昏迷评分（Glasgowcomascale，GCS）、生命体征、生化指标以及浅快呼吸指数（rapidshallowbreathingindex，RSBI）和血气分析的变化。撤机后连续观察48h，需要重新应用呼吸机的定义为撤机失败，24h后可重复试验。无需应用呼吸机者定义为撤机成功。结果30例患者共完成38次撤机，28次撤机成功，10次撤机失败，失败率26.3%。单因素分析结果表明：年龄，消化道出血、肺部感染、机械通气前和撤机前GCS评分的变化（ΔGCS）是影响撤机成功的危险因素（P〈0.05）。机械通气前，与撤机失败组相比，撤机成功组的浅快呼吸指数偏低、动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）高。撤机前，与撤机失败组相比，撤机成功组的GCS评分、血磷、白蛋白、氧合指数较高，而体温、收缩压、血糖和RSBI则显著降低，两组比较有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。多因素分析结果表明：与撤机相关的独立因素为撤机前的RSBI、肺部感染和ΔGCS，3项指标判定能否撤机的敏感性为85.7%，特异性为70%，准确性为81.6%。结论撤机前的RSBI、肺部感染和ΔGCS为影响缺血性卒中患者机械通气撤机的独立因素。

简介：目的：评价超声检查膈肌增厚和活动度对机械通气患者撤机结局的预测价值。方法：纳入54例成功通过自主呼吸试验（SBT）的患者进行研究。SBT过程中,采用超声检查评估患者的膈肌活动度、吸气末和呼气末的膈肌厚度（Tdi）以及膈肌增厚分数（DTF%）;同时记录常规的撤机参数。撤机后,追踪观察患者48小时。结果：54例患者中,14例（25.9%）患者撤机失败。撤机成功患者的膈肌活动度、吸气末和呼气末Tdi以及DTF%均高于撤机失败的患者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。与撤机成功相关的膈肌指标的临界值为：膈肌活动度≥10.5mm;吸气末Tdi≥21mm;呼气末Tdi≥10.5mm;DTF%≥34.2%。各指标预测撤机成功的敏感性分别为87.5%、77.5%、80.0%和90.0%;特异性分别为71.5%、86.6%、50.0%和64.3%。将膈肌活动度≥10.5mm和吸气末Tdi≥21mm两者结合,预测撤机成功的敏感性降低至64.9%,但特异性升高至100%;浅快呼吸指数（RSBI）〈105用于预测撤机成功的敏感性达90.0%,但特异性仅有18.7%。结论：对通过SBT的患者,膈肌活动度和吸气末膈肌厚度的超声评估,是优质的机械通气患者撤机结局的预测指标。因此,推荐考虑使用上述指标和RSBI,以改善撤机结局。

简介：BACKGROUND:Alpha-actinin(α-actinin)playsakeyroleinneuronalgrowthconemigrationduringdirectionaldifferentiationfromneuralstemcells(NSCs)toneurons.OBJECTIVE:Todetectinsitumicrodistributionandquantitativeexpressionofα-actininduringdirectionaldifferentiationofNSCstoneuronsinthetemporallobecerebralcortexofneonatalrats.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:BetweenJanuary2006andDecember2008,cultureanddirectionaldifferentiationofNSCswereperformedatDepartmentofHistologyandEmbryology,PreclinicalMedicalCollege,ChinaMedicalUniversity.ImmuneelectronmicroscopywasperformedatDepartmentofHistologyandEmbryologyandDepartmentofElectronMicrology,PreclinicalMedicalCollege,ChinaMedicalUniversity.SpectrumanalysiswasperformedatLaboratoryofElectronMicroscopy,MentalResearchInstitute,ChineseAcademyofSciences.MATERIALS:Basicfibroblastgrowthfactor,epidermalgrowthfactor,brain-derivednervegrowthfactor,type-1insulinlikegrowthfactor,andα-actininantibodywereprovidedbyGibcoBRL,USA;rabbit-anti-ratnestinmonoclonalantibody,rabbit-anti-ratneuronspecificenolasepolyclonalantibody,andEDAX-9100energydispersiveX-rayanalysiswereprovidedbyPHILIPSCompany,Netherlands.METHODS:NSCs,followingprimaryandpassageculture,weredifferentiatedwithserumculturemedium(DMEM/F_(12)+10%fetalbovineserum+2ng/mLbrain-derivednervegrowthfactor+2ng/mLtype-1insulinlikegrowthfactor).MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Expressionofα-actinininneuron-likecellswasquantitativelyandqualitativelydetectedwithimmunocytochemistryusingenergydispersiveX-rayanalysis.RESULTS:Immunocytochemistry,combinedwithelectronmicroscopy,indicatedthatpositiveα-actininexpressionwaslikeaspheroidparticlewithhighelectrondensity.Inaddition,theexpressionwasgraduallyconcentratedfromthenuclearedgetothecytoplasmandexpandedintodevelopingneurites,duringdifferentiationofneuralstemcellstoneurons.Conversely,energydispersive