简介:AstochasticmodelfordailyprecipitationsimulationinChinawasdevelopedbasedontheframeworkofa′Richardson-type′weathergeneratorthatisanimportanttoolinstudyingimpactsofweather/climateonavarietyofsystemsincludingecosystemandriskassessment.ThepurposeofthisworkistodevelopaweathergeneratorforapplicationsinChina.Thefocusisonprecipitationsimulationsincedeterminationofotherweathervariablessuchastemperatureisdependentonprecipitationsimulation.AframeworkoffirstorderMarkovChainwithGammaDistributionfordailyprecipitationisadoptedinthiswork.Basedonthisframework,fourparametersofprecipitationsimulationforeachmonthat672stationsalloverChinaweredeterminedusingdailyprecipitationdatafrom1961to2000.Comparedwithpreviousworks,ourestimationfortheparameterswasmadeformorestationsandlongerobservations,whichmakestheweathergeneratormoreapplicableandreliable.Spatialdistributionsofthefourparametersareanalyzedinaregionalclimatecontext.Theseasonalvariationsoftheseparametersatfivestationsrepresentingregionaldifferencesarediscussed.Basedontheestimatedmonthlyparametersat672stations,dailyprecipitationsforanyperiodcanbesimulated.A30-yearsimulationwasmadeandcomparedwithobservationsduring1971-2000intermsofannualandmonthlystatistics.Theresultsaresatisfactory,whichdemonstratestheusefulnessoftheweathergenerator.
简介:有害植物治理是生态学面临的重要难题.为控制危害广州市龙眼洞林场的大型木质藤本金钟藤(MerremiaboisianavanOoststr),本研究进行了治理技术的探索.通过比较大面积化学除莠、人工清除和隔离带式化学控制3种方法对金钟藤及环境的影响,阐明了各种方法的利与弊.大面积化学除莠和人工清除虽能清除金钟藤,但都造成了地表长期大面积裸露,从而引起严重的水土流失,同时前者还引起环境污染.隔离带式化学控制既能在较长时期内有效遏制金钟藤的扩散,为林地由外到内恢复创造条件,又避免了水土流失.隔离带式化学控制试用了斩荒(草甘膦.乙羧氟草醚混剂)、国产草甘膦、农达、2-甲-4-氯4种农药,综合控制效果以斩荒最优,有效控制时间180d以上,第180d对地上部分、绿枝条和老茎鲜重的抑制率分别为85.8%、99.7%和70.0%,明显高于单一使用草甘膦.国产草甘膦与进口农达无显著差异.金钟藤老茎占地上部分近一半的鲜重,老茎受抑制率低、抗药性强,是金钟藤抗除草剂能力强的主要原因.