简介：在大陆中国的气候能在西北以及intercross地区在东南和西的区域被划分成季风区域，即，季风来自西南中国是面向的到上面的黄河，诺思中国，和东北中国的极北的边缘的活跃地区。在三个区域，干燥湿的气候变化直接在高原的北方方面上在西藏的高原和西的流动的东方方面上被连接到南方的季风流动的相互作用从对内部十的时间规模内部年度。在为最后一半的三个区域的气候可变性的一些基本特征世纪并且历史几百年在这篇论文被考察。在最后一半世纪，西的流动从Xinjiang在西的区域被发现到诺思中国和东北中国的北部分的与提高联系的夏天降水的一个增加的趋势。在另一方面，沿着长江的夏天降水的一个增加的趋势和沿着季风的夏天降水的一个减少的趋势极北的边缘的活跃地区在东亚与变弱的季风流动被联系。历史的文件在季风区域是广泛地分布式的因为几百年和自然气候代理在非季风区域被构造，当气候代理的二种类型能通常在季风上被发现极北的边缘的活跃地区时。在季风区域，干燥湿的变化中心从一个世纪在诺思中国，更低的长江，和华南之中被改变到另外一个。干燥或湿的异例是第一沿着季风观察了极北的边缘的活跃地区并且变对长江山谷和华南在向南方或向东南关于70年的时间规模。严重干旱事件沿着季风经验丰富极北的边缘的活跃地区在最后5个世纪期间。内部十的干燥湿的变化被自然代理在非季风区域上在几个区域为最后45个世纪描绘。一些问题例如在中国的在干燥湿的政体变化上的全球温暖的影响，在在东北中国的季风和西的流动之间的复杂相互作用，和中国的在整个所有的综合多代理分析，被建议。

简介：Atwo-waycouplingsimulationfromtheNCAR’sregionalclimatemodelREGCM2(calledR-2hereafter)andtheSUCROSmodelforcropgrowthdevelopedbytheWageningenAgriculturalUniversity,theNetherlands(bothmodels,whenincombination,denotedasR/S)arecarriedoutontheinteractionsbetweencropsandatmosphereintheHuang-Huai-HaiPlaininEastChina.EvidencesuggeststhattheR/Ssimulationscandepictprettywellthedynamicbiology-basedinteractionsbetweenthefactors,revealingreasonablyboththeday-to-dayvariationsinleafareaindex(LAI)andlandsurfacephysicstherein,andparticularlytheimprovementofthesimulation,independentlybyuseoftheR-2,ofsummerprecipitationandsurfacetemperatureintheresearchregion.Asaresult,thepresentresearchisofsignificancetothefurtherunderstandingoftheinteractionbetweentheclimatesystemandtheterrestrialecologicalsystems.

简介：以前的学习来到结论：基于南方亚洲人高度(SAH)的异例，在热带、副热带的区域上的100-hPageopotential高度，和100-hPa循环，我们能在长江山谷和诺思中国预言降水异例。测试它的有效性，一系列实验被设计了并且操作，它包括控制实验，敏感实验(它增加了异例进100-hPageopotential高度和风地)，并且四合成的实验。基于象EPR-CF，EPRCD，EPR-HF，和EPR-HD那样的镇静的起始的领域试验，能在长江山谷和诺思中国复制洪水或干旱。它建议在热带、副热带的区域上的SAH，100-hPageopotential高度，和发行量的异例可以可能在二个区域暗示夏天降水异例。SAH，100-hPageopotential高度，和西南的异例流动在以前的时期的敏感实验结果表演是干旱或洪水的一个信号在长江山谷和诺思中国的下列夏天。并且它也是在二个区域在夏天降水异例上有影响的因素之一。100-hPageopotential高度并且SAH和西南流动的异常加强的积极异例将在诺思中国在长江山谷和干旱导致洪水；当100-hPageopotential高度并且SAH和西南流动的异常变弱的否定异例将在诺思中国在长江山谷和洪水导致干旱时。[出版摘要]

简介：85-stationdailyprecipitationdatafrom1961-2010providedbytheNationalMeteorologicalInformationCenterandtheNCEP/NCAR2010dailyreanalysisdataareusedtoinvestigatethelow-frequencyvariabilityontheprecipitationofthefirstrainseasonanditsrelationshipswithmoisturetransportinSouthChina,andchannelsoflow-frequencywatervaportransportandsourcesoflow-frequencyprecipitationarerevealed.Theannuallyfirstrainingseasonprecipitationin2010ismainlycontrolledby10-20dand30-60doscillation.Therainfallismore(interrupted)whenthetwolow-frequencycomponentsareinthesamepeak(valley)phase,andtherainfallislesswhentheyaresuperposedintheinversephase.The10-20dlow-frequencycomponentofthemoisturetransportismoreactivethanthe30-60d.The10-20dwatervaporsourceslieintheSouthIndiaOceannear30°S,theareabetweenSumatraandKalimantanIsland(thesouthwestsource),andtheequatorialmiddlePacificregion(thesoutheastsource),andtherearecorrespondingsouthwestandsoutheastmoisturetransportchannels.Byusingthecharacteristicsof10-20dwatervaportransportanomalouscirculation,thecorrespondinglow-frequencyprecipitationcanbepredicted6dahead.

简介：UsingaregionalclimatemodelMM5nestedtoanatmosphericglobalclimatemodelCCM3,aseriesofsimulationsandsensitivityexperimentshavebeenperformedtoinvestigatetherelativeLastGlacialMaximum(LGM)climateresponsetodifferentmechanismsoverChina.Modelsimulationsofthepresentday(PD)climateandtheLGMclimatechangeareingoodagreementwiththeobservationdataandgeologicalrecords,especiallyinthesimulationofprecipitationchange.UnderthePDandLGMclimate,changesofearthorbitalparametershaveasmallinfluenceontheannualmeantemperatureoverChina.However,themagnitudeoftheeffectshowsaseasonalpattern,withasignificantresponseinwinter.Thus,thisinfluencecannotbeneglected.DuringtheLGM,CO_2concentrationreacheditslowestpointto200ppmv.ThisresultsinatemperaturedecreaseoverChina.TheinfluencesofCO_2concentrationonclimateshowseasonalandregionalpatternsaswell,withasignificantinfluenceinwinter.Onthecontrary,CO_2concentrationhaslessimpactinsummerseason.Insomecases,temperatureevenincreaseswithdecreasinginCO_2concentration.Thistemperatureincreaseistheoutcomeofdecreaseincloudamount;henceincreasethesolarradiationthatreachedtheearth'ssurface.Thisresultsuggeststhatcloudamountplaysaveryimportantroleinclimatechangeandcoulddirecttheresponsepatternsofsomeclimatevariablessuchastemperatureduringcertainperiodsandovercertainregions.IntheTibetanPlateau,thetemperatureresponsestochangesoftheabovetwofactorsaregenerallyweakerthanthoseinotherregionsbecausethecloudamountinthisareaisgenerallymorethanintheotherareas.Relativetothecurrentclimate,changesinorbitalparametershavelessimpactontheLGMclimatethanchangesinCO_2concentration.However,bothfactorshaveratherlesscontributionstotheclimatechangeintheLGM.About3%-10%changesintheannualmeantemperaturearecontributedbyCO_2.

简介：大雨的三维的风领域在2005年6月12-13日与位于Meizhou和Shantou的城市的dual-Doppler雷达的卷扫描数据在广东省被检索并且学习。这被显示出中央--规模和中央--在低、中间的层位于对流系统的规模集中线在重降雨起一个重要作用。集中线是雨的开始并且维持的机制。三个维的运动学的结构模型也被给。

简介：由使用在Shouxian收集的雷送大小，中国，我们检验了在低、中间的层次形成的单个层、二层的云的动力学和热力学。分析比在内并且下面的那些遮蔽层的显示在云层上面的水平风速度高。最大的汽球上升加速(5.3ms1)与最大的云出现频率(24.4%)位于层的附近，显示一个向上的运动(0.10.16ms1)。在单个层的云上面的温度倒置层的平均厚度，大小和坡度是117

简介：UsingtheInternationalComprehensiveOcean-AtmosphereDataSet(ICOADS)andERA-Interimdata,spatialdistributionsofair-seatemperaturedifference(ASTD)intheSouthChinaSea(SCS)forthepast35yearsarecompared,andvariationsofspatialandtemporaldistributionsofASTDinthisregionareaddressedusingempiricalorthogonalfunctiondecompositionandwaveletanalysismethods.TheresultsindicatethatbothICOADSandERA-InterimdatacanreflectactualdistributioncharacteristicsofASTDintheSCS,butvaluesofASTDfromtheERA-InterimdataaresmallerthanthoseoftheICOADSdatainthesameregion.Inaddition,theASTDcharacteristicsfromtheERA-Interimdataarenotobviousinshore.Aseesaw-type,north-southdistributionofASTDisdominantintheSCS;i.e.,apositivepeakinthesouthisassociatedwithanegativepeakinthenorthinNovember,andanegativepeakinthesouthisaccompaniedbyapositivepeakinthenorthduringAprilandMay.InterannualASTDvariationsinsummerorautumnaredecreasing.Thereisaseesaw-typedistributionofASTDbetweenBeibuBayandmostoftheSCSinsummer,andthecenteroflargevaluesisintheNanshaIslandsareainautumn.TheASTDintheSCShasastrongquasi-3aoscillationperiodinallseasons,andaquasi-11aperiodinwinterandspring.TheASTDispositivelycorrelatedwiththeNio3.4indexinsummerandautumnbutnegativelycorrelatedinspringandwinter.

简介：在由有单个time/dual隧道裂口窗户算法的GMS-5/VISSR热红外线的数据的这份报纸的检索结果揭示特征日报、季节几代表性的陆地表面的清楚天空的陆地表面温度(LST)的变化录入中国包括Tarim盆，Qinghai西藏的高原，Hunshandake沙，诺思中国平原，并且华南。在上面的区域的清楚天空的LST的季节的变化由太阳的放射为影响的不同表面反照率，土壤水内容，和程度清楚地变化。每月的一般水准日报LST的范围在一年里有二座山峰和二条山谷。在东亚和在台湾海峡和黄海的南方的海表面温度(SST)的大多数土地的LST的特征也作为比较被分析。Tarim盆和Hunshandake沙有可观的LST不仅日报周期而且显著季节的变化。在2000，最大的每月的一般水准日报在两个区域的LST的范围在Hunshadake沙活动范围是超过30K，和年度范围58.50K。在Qinghai西藏的高原的LST的季节的变化是在东亚，Tarim盆，和Hunshandake沙的不到那些。然而，最大值日报范围在这个区域存在。每年的一般水准日报范围是在在2000的Qinghai西藏的高原的28.05K。特征日报、季节、年度从1998～2000的变化也在这研究被显示出。所有结果将对为陆地表面类型的变化的气候变化，放射平衡，和评价的研究珍贵。[出版摘要]

简介：热带降雨测量的能力为测量降雨的使命(TRMM)卫星被在南部的中国在一个重降雨实验期间使用TMI-85.5GHz微波影像数据和降水数据检验。从有在有85.5GHz微波的TBB的一个小时的雨数量的分发的比较，大雨的中心与低TBB价值的一个区域相应，是清楚的。7gB分发的地点和形状类似于降水的，并且越大降雨率，越多降低TBB。统计分析证明在TBQ和雨率之间的相关系数否定、重要。特别，当雨率是超过7mm/h时，在TBQ和雨率之间的关联度是更重要的。TRMM/TMI-85.5G举办的结果表演测量对流大雨的极有能力。

简介：ThetimingoftheSouthAsianHigh(SAH)establishmentovertheIndochinaPeninsula(IP)fromApriltoMayanditsrelationstothesetupofthesubsequenttropicalAsiansummermonsoonandprecipitationovereastern-centralChinainsummerareinvestigatedbyusingNCEP/NCARdailyreanalysisdata,outgoinglongwaveradiation(OLR)dataandthedailyprecipitationdatafrom753weatherstationsinChina.ItisfoundthatthetransitionsofthezonalwindverticalshearandconvectionestablishmentovertropicalAsiaareearlier(later)intheyearsofearly(late)establishmentofSAH.Inthelowertroposphere,anti-cyclonic(cyclonic)anomalycirculationdominatestheequatorialIndianOcean.Correspondingly,thetropicalAsiansummermonsoonestablishesearlier(later).Furthermore,theatmosphericcirculationandthewatervaportransportintheyearsofadvancedSAHestablishmentaresignificantlydifferentfromthedelayedyearsinAsiainsummer.Out-of-phasedistributionofprecipitationineastern-centralChinawillappearwithaweak(strong)SAHandwesternPacificsubtropicalhigh,strong(weak)ascendingmotionintheareasouthofYangtzeRiverbutweak(strong)ascendingmotionintheareanorthofit,andcyclonic(anti-cyclonic)watervaporfluxanomalycirculationfromtheeastern-centralChinatowesternPacific.Accordingly,thetimingoftheSAHestablishmentattheupperlevelsofIPisindicativeofthesubsequentonsetofthetropicalAsiansummermonsoonandtheflood-droughtpatternovereastern-centralChinainsummer.

简介：TheprojectionofChina'snear-andlong-termfutureclimateisrevisitedwithanew-generationstatisticallydownscaleddataset,NEX-GDDP(NASAEarthExchangeGlobalDailyDownscaledProjections).Thisdatasetpresentsahigh-resolutionseamlessclimateprojectionfrom1950to2100bycombiningobservationsandGCMresults,andremarkablyimprovesCMIP5hindcastsandprojectionsfromlargescaletoregional-to-localscaleswithanunchangedlong-termtrend.Threeaspectsaresignificantlyimproved:(1)theclimatologyinthepastascomparedagainsttheobservations;(2)morereliablenear-andlong-termprojections,withamodifiedrangeofabsolutevalueandreducedinter-modelspreadascomparedtoCMIP5GCMs;and(3)muchaddedvalueatregional-to-localscalescomparedtoGCMoutputs.NEX-GDDPhasgreatpotentialtobecomeawidely-usedhigh-resolutiondatasetandabenchmarkofmodernclimatechangefordiverseearthsciencecommunities.

简介：Toquantitativelystudytheroleoftropicalcycloneprecipitation(TCP)onalleviatingthedroughtinthesoutheastcoastalregionofChina(SCR)duringsummerandautumn,theobjectivesynopticanalysistechnique(OSAT),improvedforconsistencyandrationality,wasusedtoseparatetheTCPdataonthesummersandautumnsof1963-2005onthebasisofdailyprecipitationdatafromstationsandtropicalcyclonebesttrackdata.Afterdefiningtheseasondroughtindex,theactualdroughtdistributionandtheassumeddroughtdistributionwithoutTCPwereacquired.Theresultsshowedthatwithin1000kmfromthesoutheastcoastlineofChina,TCPaccountedfor11.3%ofnaturalprecipitation(NP).WithoutTCP,thedroughtindexintheSCRduringsummerwouldhaveincreasedfrom0.2to0.6orevenabove1.0insomeregionswhereasthedroughtindexduringautumnwouldhaveincreasedfrom0.4to0.6orabove1.2insomeregions.TheimpactofTCPondroughtdecreasesprogressivelyfromthesoutheastcoastlinetotheinlandregions.TheTCPproportion(TCPP)showedasignificantnegativecorrelationwiththedroughtindexinmanyregionsofthesoutheast,andthesignificantregioniswiderinautumnthaninsummer.TCPrelievedthedroughtmostsignificantlywithinarangeof0-500kmfromthesoutheastcoastline.Thisdroughtreliefshoweddifferentcharacteristicsfortheinterannualvariabilityinsummerandautumn,andthecrosswavelettransformindicatedthattheimpactofTCPondroughtmainlyliesin2-4-yeartimescales.Inparticular,therewasasignificanteffectduringthesummersof1977-1985andintheautumnsfollowingthatof1985.Therefore,TCPhasindeedlargelyalleviateddroughtintheSCRduringsummerandautumn.

简介：UsingaregionalclimatemodelMM5nestedtoanatmosphericglobalclimatemodelCCM3,aseriesofsimulationsandsensitivityexperimentshavebeenperformedtoinvestigatetherelativeLGMclimateresponsetochangesofland-seadistribution,vegetation,andlarge-scalecirculationbackgroundoverChina.Modelresultsshowthatcomparedwiththepresentclimate,thefluctuationsofsea-landdistributionineasternAsiaduringtheLGMresultinthetemperaturedecreaseinwinterandincreaseinsummer.IthassignificantimpactonthetemperatureandprecipitationintheeastcoastalregionofChina.TheimpactonprecipitationintheeastcoastalregionofChinaisthemostsignificantone,with25%-50%decreaseinthetotalprecipitationchangeduringtheLGM.Ontheotherhand,thechangesinsea-landdistributionhavelessinfluenceontheclimateofinlandandwesternpartofChina.DuringtheLGM,significantchangesinvegetationresultintemperaturealternatingwithwinterincreaseandsummerdecrease,butdifferencesintheannualmeantemperatureareminor.DuringtheLGM,theglobalclimate,i.e.,thelarge-scalecirculationbackgroundhaschangedsignificantly.ThesechangeshavesignificantinfluencesontemperatureandprecipitationoverChina.Theyresultinconsiderabletemperaturedecreasesinthisarea,anddirecttheprimarypatternsandcharacteristicsoftemperaturechanges.Resultsdisplaythat,northeasternChinahasthegreatesttemperaturedecrease,andthetemperaturedecreaseintheTibetanPlateauislargerthanintheeasternpartofChinalocatedatthesamelatitude.Moreover,thechangeoflarge-scalecirculationbackgroundalsocontrolsthepatternofprecipitationchange.Resultsalsoshowthat,mostofthechangesinprecipitationoverwesternandnortheasternpartsofChinaaretheconsequencesofchanginglarge-scalecirculationbackground,ofwhich50%-75%ofprecipitationchangesovernorthernandeasternChinaaretheresultsofchangesinlarge-scalecirculationbackground.OverChina,theLGM

简介：Netprimaryproduction(NPP)ofcroprepresentsthecapacityofsequestratingatmosphericCO_2inagro-ecosystem,anditplaysanimportantroleinterrestrialcarboncycling.BylinkingtheCrop-CmodelwithclimatechangescenarioprojectedbyacoupledGCMFGOALSviageographicalinformationsystem(GIS)techniques,cropNPPinChinawassimulatedfrom2000to2050.ThenationalaveragedsurfaceairtemperaturefromFGOALSisprojectedtoincreaseby1.0℃overthisperiodandthecorrespondingatmosphericCO_2concentrationis535ppmby2050undertheIPCCAIBscenario.Withaspatialresolutionof10×10km~2,modelsimulationindicatedthatanannualaverageincreaseof0.6TgCyr~(-1)(Tg=10~(12)g)wouldbepossibleundertheAIBscenario.TheNPPinthelate2040swouldincreaseby5%(30TgC)withinthe98×10~6hm~2croplandareaincontrastwiththatintheearly2000s.AfurtherinvestigationsuggestedthatchangesintheNPPwouldnotbeevenlydistributedinChina.AhigherincreasewouldoccurinamajorityofregionslocatedineasternandnorthwesternChina,whileaslightreductionwouldappearinHebeiandTianjininnorthernChina.ThespatialcharacteristicsofthecropNPPchangeareattributedprimarilytotheunevendistributionoftemperaturechange.

简介：Previousstudiesemphasizetheimportantroleofa'north-ridgeversussouth-trough'dipole(affectingthelatitudesfrom20°to75°NaroundtheTibetanPlateau)ofanomalousgeopotentialheight(Z)intheearly-2008abnormalcryogenicfreezing-rain-and-snoweventsinthesouthernpartofChina.ThepresentstudyintendstoextracttheleadingsignalfacilitatingthedipolebasedonthenumericaloutputsofafullZ-linearmodelfordiagnosingtheglobalZ.Usingthismodelbuiltonfullprimitiveequationsinspherical-isobariccoordinates,wecanfurthersplittheanomalyofZ-Zfζ-uβ(representingtheZcomponentnotexplicitlyassociatedwiththeCoriolisparameterfanditsmeridionalderivativeβ)into15components.Withthemodel-outputZfζ-uβ(mainlyaccountingforthedipoleunderthegeostrophicbalance)andZ-Zfζ-uβmatricesastheleftandrightsingularvectorsrespectively,amaximumcovarianceanalysis(MCA)isperformedtoextractthesignificant2-4-dayleadingsignalcarriedbytheMCAZ-Zfζ-uβmodeintheupstreamareaofthedipole.Thisleadingsignalismainlyattributedto1)theabnormallystrongwesterliescenteredaroundtheexitregionoftheAtlanticjet-streamand2)thecorrespondinganomalous950-300hPaanticyclonetothesouthoftheabnormallystrongcenterofwesterlies.Theenergyofthepositivewavecenteraroundthisjetexitregionfavorsthedownstreamnorth-ridgewhiletheenergyofthenegativewavecenterassociatedwiththeanomalousanticyclonefavorsthedownstreamsouth-trough.

简介：在北中国的干旱、半干旱的区域改进土地表面模拟，从在Dunhuang和Tongyu的二个地实验的观察数据被用来在土地表面模型，优化参数蝙蝠，通过刻度与多标准方法。到在Dunhuang和Tongyu的参数的敏感分析显示不同参数需要在二个地点被校准与不同环境并且气候政体。观察的理智的热流动，潜伏的热流动，和有模仿的地面表面温度的比较证明有优化参数的模拟是实质地改善了。特别，有参数价值的刻度的整体的模拟离在干旱区域(Dunhuang)的观察靠近得多，并且有校准的参数的精力分区能也是在半干旱的区域(Tongyu)的模仿的井。当模型将被用来调查地对空的相互作用时，整个结果证明陆地表面模型的参数刻度是重要的。