简介：Fivehumicfractionswereobtainedfromauniformly^15N-labelledsoilbyextractionwith0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7,0.1molL^-1NaOH,andHF/HCl-0.1molL^-1NaOH,consecutively,andanalyzedby^13Cand^15NCPMASNMR(crosspolarizationandmagicanglespinningnuclearmagneticresonace).Comparedwiththoseofnativesoilshumicfractionsstudiedasawholecontainedmorealkyls,methoxylsandO-alkyls,being27%-36%,17%-21%and36%-40%,respectively,butfeweraromaticsandcarboxyls(bein14%-20%and13%-90%,respectively),Amongthosehumicfractions,thehumicacid(HA)andfulvicacid(FA)extractedby0.1molL^-1Na4P2O7containedslightlymorecarboxylsthancorrespondinghumicfractionsextractedby0.1molL^-1NaOH,andtheHAextactedby0.1molL^-1NaOHaftertreatmentwithHF/HClcontainedtheleastaromaticsandcarboxyls.Thedistributionofnitrogenfunctionalgroupsofsoilhumicfractionsstudiedwasquitesimilartoeachotherandalsoquitesimilartothatofhumicfractionfromnativesoils.Morethan75%oftotalNineachfractionwasinamidefrom,with9%-13%presentasaromaticand/oraliphaticaminesandtheremainderasheerocyclicN.

简介：Nitrogenousfertilisersareunderconsiderationforpromotingthegrowthofnursery-rearedhooppine(AraucariacunninghamiiAitonexA.Cunn)seedlingsintheestablishmentphaseofsecondrotation(2R)plantations.Using15N-labelledfertilisers,weinvestigatedtheeffectofdifferentforms(ammoniumsulphate,ammoniumnitrate,potassiumnitrateandurea)andratesofapplication(0,150and300mgNkg-1driedsoil)offertilisersonthegrowth,15Nrecoveryandcarbonisotopecomposition(δ13C)ofhooppineseedlingsina12-monthglasshousetrialinsoutheastQueensland,Australia.The15N-labelledfertiliserswereappliedtonursery-rearedhooppineseedlings,whichwerethengrowninpots,containingca.1.2kgdriedsoil,underwellwateredconditionsfor12months.Fourseedlingsfromeachtreatmentwereharvestedat4-monthintervals,dividedintoroots,stemandfoliage,withafurthersubdivisionfornewandoldfoliage,andthenanalysedfor15N,totalN,δ13CandtotalC.Therewasnosignificantresponseintheseedlinggrowthtotheformorrateofapplicationofnitrogen(N)fertiliserwithinthe12-monthperiod,indicatingthattheseedlingsdidnotexperienceNdeficiencywhengrownonsecondrotationhooppinesoils.Whilethecombined15Nrecoveryfromsoilandplantremainedataround70%throughouttheexperiment,theproportionof15Nrecoveredfromtheplantsincreasingsteadilyovertime.Nitratecontainingfertilisersat150mgNkg-1soilgraduallyincreasedseedlingfoliageδ13Coverthe12-monthperiod,indicatinganincreaseinseedlingwateruseefficiency.

简介：polyolefin涂的脲的有效性(Meister-5和Meister-10；CU)在小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)玉米(ZeamaysL.)旋转系统在为收割季节的三连续maize-wheat-maize位于北方中国平原的溶度计阴谋被学习。一个同位素的方法被用来把CU的命运比作非涂的脲(NCU)的，并且N申请0，100，150和225kgNha−1评价被评估。结果证明CU的氮使用效率(15NUE)是比为第一庄稼的NCU的大的13.3%–21.4%。或者，当差别方法被使用时(明显的NUE)，没有重要变化在所有三个季节在处理之中被观察。尽管无机的N从1.3m层沥滤，不到1%总数被使用N，15N的未辩别出的损失(=15N作为化肥–15N使用了的15N的损失由留在0–0.2m层–15N的庄稼–15N吸收了从1.3m层沥滤)在对待CU的阴谋是24.2%–26.5%比那些低对待NCU的阴谋。在在实验的结束的CU阴谋的0–1.3m层的硝酸盐集中是53%比对待NCU的阴谋的低。因此，CU从化肥增加了庄稼N举起并且减少了应用N的未辩别出的损失，它能减少地下水污染的风险。

简介：Threegoatswerefedwith^15N-labelledricestrawtostudythecharacteristicsofdigestion,assimilation,transformationandexcretionofCandNcompoundsfromricestraw.Itwasshownthattheamountof^15Ntransformedintothebodiesofthetwoslaughteredgoatsaccountedfor38.5and23.6%ofthetotalamountof^15Ndepositionoftheexperimentaldiettakenbyeachgoat.The^15Nexcretedthroughthefecesandurineforthethreegoatsaccountedfor34.8,33.2and33.9%ofthetotalamountof^15Ndepositioninthefeedofthe3goats.Therecoveryoftotal^15Nforthetwoslaughteredgoatswere73.3and57.5%,withthecorrespondingratesof^15Nloss26.7and42.5%respectively.ThedigestibilitiesoftotalaminoacidsforGoats1and3were68.7and54.0%,andthedigestibiltiesofcarbohydratesforthetwogoatswere74.8and67.7%respectively.

简介：到环境因素的空间的全体的土壤氮(N)同位素作文和时间的规模和他们的关系的模式说明N周期并且N采购原料，并且是到全球变化的陆上的N周期和它的反应的综合指示物。这研究的目的是：我)15N(15N)在Qinghai西藏的高原上在不同生态系统类型和土壤侧面珍视调查土壤N内容和自然许多的模式；ii)珍视在土壤N内容和土壤15N的模式上检验气候的因素和土壤特征的效果；并且iii)介绍越过生态系统和土壤测试在土壤15N价值和土壤C/N比率之间的关系。土壤侧面沿着二横断在51个地点被取样在长度的1875km和200km分开并且在Qinghai西藏的高原上的森林，草地和大草原里分布式。每个地点被取样从0～40厘米和每件样品的土壤深度的每10厘米为土壤N内容和15N价值被分析。我们的结果比的显示在草地的土壤N和15N价值(040厘米)高得多在荒芜的大草原。当沿着土壤侧面的土壤15N价值的变化不要不是土壤15N价值趋于与土壤深度增加的山草地，低地草地，和适度的大草原在大多数生态系统之中是统计上重要的时，土壤N为每个生态系统与土壤深度减少了。在土壤15N价值和吝啬的年度降水之间的寓言的关系显示土壤15N价值与在荒芜的大草原增加降水直到500公里增加了，然后与越过所有另外的生态系统增加降水减少了。而且，在15N价值之间的寓言的关系和吝啬的年度温度在所有单个生态系统类型存在。土壤N和15N价值(040厘米)随土壤淤泥和泥土内容的增加增加了。而且，大约11的C/N比率的阀值把在土壤15N价值和土壤C/N比率之间的寓言的关系划分了成积极(C/N<11)并且否定(C/N>11)分开，它越过所有生态系统和土壤侧面是有效的。为土壤15N价值的土壤C/N比率的大解释力量建议了那C和N集中，被降水和温度�

简介：PotexperimentswerecarriedouttoestimateN2fixationbyvetch,milkvetch,sicklealfalfaandbroadbeaninpurestandusinga^15N-labelledsoil.Winterwheatwasusedasthenon-fixingcontrol.The15N-labelledsoilusedwaspreparedbygrowingcorn-wheat-cornsuccessivelyonanearlyorganic-matter-freeXiashuloesssupplementedwithadequateamountsof(15NH4)2SO4,P,Kandmicronutrients,thenincorporatingthese15N-labelledplantmaterialsintothesoilaftereachhavest,andallowingtheplantmaterialstobedecomposedaerobicallyfor410dafterincorporationoftheplantmaterialofthethirecrop.The15Nenrichmentofwheatplant-Nvariedslightlywithorgans,withamaximumdifferenceof9.8%,Basedon15NenrichmentofsoilNinferredfromthemeanvalueofthe15Nenrichmentindifferentorgansofwheat79%-91%oftotalNinthetopsand67%-74%oftotalNintherootsoflegumesstudiedwerederivedfromatmosphere.EstimatebyisotopedilutionmethodwasingoodagreementwiththatbytheconventionaldifferencemethodprovidedvaluesobtainedbythelatterwerecorrectedforseedN,andalsowiththatfromthemeasurementofNaccumulatedinthetopsofthelegumes.

简介：研究植被叶面积指数（LAI）时空变化特征,对植被的水土保持效具有重要意义。利用MOD15A2H遥感产品,基于Mann-Kendall趋势检验与Sen斜率分析方法,提取区域尺度与像素尺度上的植被LAI变化特征,并基于不同子流域、坡度、坡向及植被覆盖类型,对植被LAI的变化特征进行分析。基于MOD44B遥感产品,利用线性回归和偏相关系数,分析植被LAI的变化原因。结果表明：1）黄土高原2000—2014年,植被LAI呈显著增加趋势,其年绝对变化幅度为0.042,年相对变化程度为2.71%。2）空间上,在黄土高原58.6%的区域,LAI呈现显著增加趋势,仅有0.9%的区域LAI呈现显著减少趋势。植被LAI剧烈增加,主要发生在河口—龙门区间,包括皇甫川、窟野河、无定河和延河。植被在15°-35°的坡度上,LAI变化程度最剧烈,其变化在各坡向上没有显著差异,农田和草地的LAI变化程度最剧烈。3）与植被总覆盖度相比,植被垂直维结构与黄土高原植被LAI的变化更为相关,其中树木覆盖度的增加,是植被垂直维结构变化的重要原因之一。