简介:目的:探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquredimmunodeficiencysyndrome,AIDS,简称艾滋病)发生视乳头病变的类型及其与CD4^+T淋巴细胞的关系。方法:回顾分析107例(214眼)艾滋病患者经眼底彩照及眼底荧光血管造影(fluoresceinangiography,FFA)检查确诊的视乳头病变患者,统计AIDS性视乳头病变的发生率及病变类型以及与CD^+T淋巴细胞数之间的关系。结果:107例(214跟)AIDS患者发生视乳头病变71眼,占33.2%;其中,前段缺血性视神经病变30眼,占42.2%(30/71);视盘水肿12眼,占16.9%(12/71);无体征性视神经病变29眼,占40.8%(29/71)。CD4^+T淋巴细胞≤50个/μ发生视乳头病变59眼,未发生视乳头病变75眼,发病率44.0%(59/134);CD^4+T淋巴细胞≥51个/μL发生视乳头病变12眼,未发生视乳头病变68眼,发病率15.0%(12/80)。经双侧检测统计:χ^2=19.042,P=0.000。说明组间具有显著差异性。结论:AIDS视乳头病变的类型呈多样性,且CD^4+T淋巴细胞数越少,发生视乳头病变的几率越大。
简介:目的构建肺炎链球菌自溶素(pneumococcalautolysin,LytA)核酸疫苗,并研究其免疫原性。方法采用聚合酶链反应方法从肺炎链球菌基因组中克隆肺炎链球菌自溶素基因,然后将该基因插入到pVAX1真核表达载体中,构建表达LytA的重组质粒,制备成超螺旋比例大于90%的核酸疫苗。实验组:BALB/c小鼠5只,对其分3次肌内注射核酸疫苗(100μg);对照组:BALB/c小鼠5只,肌内注射pVAX1空载体(100μg)3次。分别采集小鼠血清,采用间接酶联免疫吸附方法测定血清LytA特异性抗体水平。结果扩增出的LytA基因(957bp)与基因库中LytA的编码序列(957bp)一致。成功构建了LytA核酸疫苗。实验组小鼠的血清LytA抗体水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。结论成功克隆了LytA基因,制备了LytA核酸疫苗,后者可在小鼠体内诱导较强的特异性体液免疫反应。
简介:AIM:Toassesstheeffectivenessofimmunosuppressantsintheprophylaxisofcornealallograftrejectionafterhigh-riskkeratoplastyandnormal-riskkeratoplasty.METHODS:WesearchedtheCochraneCentralRegisterofControlledTrials(CENTRAL),MEDLINE,EMBASE,CNKI,VIPandreferencelistsofarticles.Dateofmostrecentsearch:18June,2011.Allrandomisedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)assessingtheuseofimmunosupressantsinthepreventionofgraftrejection,irrespectiveofpublicationlanguage.Twoauthorsassessedtrialqualityandextracteddataindependently.Onlydichotomousoutcomes(cleargraftsurvival,ratioofimmunereactionsandsideeffects)wereavailableandwereexpressedasrelativerisk(RR)and95%confidenceintervals(CI).RESULTS:Sevenstudieswereincludedinthisreview.Inthecomparingofmycophenolatemofetil(MMF)withplacebo,theresultsshowedMMFcouldsignificantlyreduceimmunereactionscomparedwithplacebo(RR1.0895%Cl0.95to1.21),butnoeffectoncleargraftsurvival(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35).Incleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions,MMFandcyclosporineA(CsA)showedsimilareffect(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35,andRR1.48,95%Cl0.56to3.93,respectively).Tacrolimus(FK506)andsteroidshowedsimilareffectsoncleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions(RR0.32,95%CI0.02to6.21,andRR1.00,95%CI0.88to1.14,respectively).Nodrugrelativesideeffecthasbeenfound.CONCLUSION:MMFmayreduceimmunereactionsinbothnormal-riskandhigh-riskrejectionofpenetratingkeratoplasty.CsAandFK506showedsimilareffectsasMMF.However,duetothelackoflargeclinicaltrials,theevidenceremainweak,thequalityofevidenceswereratedasverylowtomoderate.Large,properlyrandomised,placebo-controlled,doublemaskedtrialsareneededtoevaluatetheeffectofimmunosuppressants.
简介:·AIM:Toexploretheeffectofimmunizationwithcopolymer-1(COP-1)andretinalstemcells(RSCs)transplantationoninterferon-gamma(IFN-γ)levelsinaratexperimentalglaucomamodel.·METHODS:Anexperimentalglaucomawasinducedbyargonlaserphotocoagulationoftheepiscleralveinsandlimbalplexusintherighteyeofrats.Immediatelyfollowingglaucomainduction,ratswereimmunizedwithCOP-1.RSCswereculturedandtransplantedintravitreallyintotheeyesofglaucomamodelanimals1weekpost-lasertreatment.Sixexperimentalgroupswereused:COP-1/RSC,PBS/RSC,COP-1/PBS,PBS/PBS,glaucomamodelgroup,andanormalcontrolgroup.TheconcentrationofIFN-γinaqueoushumor(AH)andserumwasmeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)ineachofthesixgroups.Retinalganglioncell(RGC)survivalwasassessedbyquantifyingapoptosisusingHoechststaining.·RESULTS:ConcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumofratsthathadundergoneglaucomainductionwerehigherthanthoseofnon-inducedcontrolrats.TheconcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCstreatedgroupweredeterminedtobe2371.9ng/Land710.9ng/L,respectively,whichweresignificantlylowerthanthoseintheothertreatedgroups(P<0.05).Infact,IFN-γlevelsinthedualtreatedgroupwerereducedtobackgroundlevels.TheCOP-1/RSCgrouphadlowernumberofapoptoticRGCsthantheotherthreeexperimentalgroups(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:ThereducedlevelsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCgroupmayberelatedtosynergisticeffectsbetweenRSCstransplantationandCOP-1immunemodulation.ItislikelythatthelowerlevelsofIFN-γpreventedRGCsglaucomatousapoptosis.·
简介:目的:探讨裂隙灯眼前段处理系统在眼科临床工作中的各种实际应用状况及操作技巧。方法:应用配置佳能PowerShotA720IS型数码照相机(1200万像素)SLM型裂隙灯显微镜检查眼部病变情况,并在裂隙灯下根据不同的病变位置,在不同色彩、角度下进行照相(放大倍率×10;×16;×20)。结果:采集不同种类疾病具有代表性照片:眼睑及结膜肿物、结膜裂伤、角膜炎、角膜异物、翼状胬肉、前房积血、前房角异物等如图示。结论:裂隙灯眼前段处理系统的应用为临床医疗文献提供直接定性依据,给患者了解自身病情带来便利,照片直观、经济,在眼科领域的临床应用具有广阔的前景。
简介:目的评价海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪黄斑区视网膜分析系统(macularedemamodule,MEM)的三个技术参数,了解其变异性及可重复性来判断其临床应用价值。方法对78例(78只眼)正常健康志愿者应用海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪黄斑区视网膜分析系统进行检查。分析扫描深度值(Z)、视网膜信号宽度值(W)、水肿指数值(E)三参数的均值及变异系数,并分析黄斑反射图、地形图、信号宽度图、水肿指数图的图像特征。结果黄斑中心0.5mm范围内视网膜扫描深度均值(Z)为1.4430848,变异系数55.6%。W值为795.27±193.53,变异系数17.6%。E值为1.13±0.35,变异系数27.8%。不同个体三参数差异有高度显著性(P<0.01),个体变异较大。不同时间段三参数测量差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论MEM可对黄斑区视网膜厚度进行量化分析,个体变异较大,但重复性好,HRT-Ⅱ检查适合黄斑疾病的个体随诊观察。
简介:目的探讨数字化多媒体系统矫治训练对大龄儿童弱视的治疗效果。方法选取2013年1月至2016年1月我院门诊收治的大龄弱视患儿86例(128眼),作为研究对象。根据患儿治疗方案的差异将其分为观察组与对照组,对照组45例患儿接受常规综合治疗措施,观察组41例患儿接受数字化多媒体系统治疗,比较两组患儿治疗后双眼视功能变化及疗效。结果观察组患儿治疗后总有效率明显高于对照组,并且观察组患者立体视改善率明显高于对照组,P〈0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论对大龄弱视患儿采取数字化多媒体系统治疗可有效改善患儿弱视症状,提高患儿双眼视功能,缩短患儿视功能障碍治疗时间,具有临床应用及推广价值。
简介:AIM:Anaerobicbacteriacancauseocularinfections.WetestedtheOxyPlateTMAnaerobicSystem(OXY)toisolatepertinentanaerobicbacteriathatcancauseoculardisease.METHODS:OXY,whichdoesnotrequiredirectanaerobicconditions(i.e.bags,jars),wascomparedtoconventionalisolationofincubatingculturemediainanaerobicbags.Standardcoloniescountswereperformedonanaerobicocularbacterialisolatesunderaerobicandanaerobicconditions(anaerobicbags)usingagarmedia:1)OXY(aerobiconly),2)5%sheepblood(SB),3)Chocolate,and4)Schaedler.Thebacteriatestedwerede-identifiedocularisolatesculturedfromendophthalmitisanddacryocystitisthatinclude10Propionibacteriumacnesand3Actinomycesspecies.Thecolonycountsforeachbacteriaisolate,oneachculturingcondition,wererankedfromlargesttosmallest,andnon-parametricallycomparedtodeterminethebestculturingcondition.RESULTS:Allanaerobicconditionswerepositiveforalloftheanaerobicisolates.SBandSchaedler’sagarunderaerobicconditionsdidnotsupportthegrowthofanaerobicbacteria.SparsegrowthwasnotedonchocolateagarwithPropionibacteriumacnes.Asananaerobicsystem,SBinananaerobicbagisolatedhighercolonycountsthanOXY(P=0.0028)andchocolateagar(P=0.0028).CONCLUSION:AlthoughOXYdidnottesttobemoreefficientthanotheranaerobicsystems,itappearstobeareasonablealternativeforisolatinganaerobicbacteriafromocularsites.Theuseofanagarmediuminaspeciallydesignedplate,withouttherequirementofananaerobicbag,renderedOXYasanadvantageoverotheranaerobicsystems.
简介:AIM:Tomeasurecentralcornealthickness(CCT)andpre-cornealtearfilmthicknessusingtheGalileidualScheimpfluganalyzer(GSA)inNewZealandWhiterabbits.METHODS:TennormalNewZealandWhiterabbits(20eyes)wereincludedinthisstudy.Withtheassistanceof0.1%fluorescein,thepre-cornealtearfilmcanbewellvisualized.BotheyesofeachrabbitwerescannedoncewiththeGSApre-andpost-instillationof1μL0.1%fluorescein.ThedifferencebetweenthetwomeasurementsofCCT(4-mmdiameter)wasrecordedasthepachymetricvaluesofthecentraltearfilm.RESULTS:TheCCTofpre-andpost-instillationwas388.8±9.5μmand407.0±10.5μm,respectively.Afterapairedt-testanalysis,thecentralpre-cornealtearfilmthicknessof4mmdiameterwas18.2±5.31μmwitha95%confidenceintervalof(15.7,20.6)μm(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:GSAcanbeusedtomeasureCCTandanalyzecentraltearfilmthicknessofrabbitswiththehelpoffluorescein.
简介:AIM:Toevaluatetheaccuracyofsphericalequivalent(SE)estimatesofadouble-passsystemandtocompareitwithretinoscopy,subjectiverefractionandatablemountedautorefractor.METHODS:Non-cycloplegicrefractionwasperformedon125eyesof65healthyadults(age23.5±3.0years)fromOctober2010toJanuary2011usingretinoscopy,subjectiverefraction,autorefraction(AutokeratorefractometerTOPCONKR-8100,Japan)andadoublepasssystem(OpticalQualityAnalysisSystem,OQAS,VisiometricsS.L.,Spain).Nineconsecutivemeasurementswiththedouble-passsystemwereperformedonasubgroupof22eyestoassessrepeatability.ToevaluatethetruenessoftheOQASinstrument,theSElaboratorybiasbetweenthedoublepasssystemandtheothertechniqueswascalculated.RESULTS:TheSEmeancoefficientofrepeatabilityobtainedwas0.22D.SignificantcorrelationscouldbeestablishedbetweentheOQASandtheSEobtainedwithretinoscopy(r=0.956,P<0.001),subjectiverefraction(r=0.955,P<0.001)andautorefraction(r=0.957,P<0.001).ThedifferencesinSEbetweenthedouble-passsystemandtheothertechniquesweresignificant(P<0.001),butlackedclinicalrelevanceexceptforretinoscopy;Retinoscopygavemorehyperopicvaluesthanthedouble-passsystem-0.51±0.50Daswellasthesubjectiverefraction-0.23±0.50D;Moremyopicvalueswereachievedbymeansofautorefraction0.24±0.49D.CONCLUSION:Thedouble-passsystemprovidesaccurateandreliableestimatesoftheSEthatcanbeusedforclinicalstudies.Thistechniquecandeterminethecorrectfocuspositiontoassesstheocularopticalquality.However,ithasarelativelysmallmeasuringrangeincomparisonwithautorefractors(-8.00to+5.00D),andrequirespriorinformationontherefractivestateofthepatient.