简介:目的:探讨规模化白内障手术中高龄及其伴全身疾病患者安全性。方法:回顾性分析"爱心光明行"活动中高龄及其伴全身疾病患者的临床资料。结果:本组高龄伴全身疾病患者213例(90.6%),其中循环系统疾病、代谢性疾病、呼吸系统疾病分别占65.1%,13.6%和11.1%。术前因首次全身疾病评估暂缓手术25例(10.6%),经有效治疗后手术。手术脱残率95.4%,脱盲率84.2%,12例视力〈0.1患者眼底检查均有不同程度的眼底病变。结论:加强术前综合因素评估,充分治疗全身疾病,严格掌握手术适应证,术中监护,操作轻巧,手术时间10~15min,是保证规模化白内障手术中高龄或伴全身疾病患者安全性的有效措施。
简介:目的调查Ⅱ型糖尿病患者中糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率。方法对3055例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者进行眼部检查:包括视力、裂隙灯、眼压、散瞳孔查眼底、眼底摄片等,部分患者进行眼底荧光血管造影检查,并检测血糖、糖化血红蛋白。根据新的国际临床分级标准诊断,计算糖尿病视网膜病变患病率;并分析病程、糖化血红蛋白对患病率的影响。结果在3055例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者中经眼底镜、眼底摄片和眼底荧光血管造影检查,确诊有糖尿病视网膜病变的705例,占23.08%。其中非增生性DR者579例,占18.95%,增生性DR者126例,占4.13%;随着病程的延长其发病率显著增高;糖化血红蛋白浓度与发病率亦呈显著相关。结论Ⅱ型糖尿病患者就诊时,糖尿病视网膜病变患病率已较高。糖尿病视网膜病变患病率随糖尿病病程的延长而增加,且与糖化血红蛋白浓度呈正相关。早期及定期对糖尿病患者进行筛查为及时发现病变、把握治疗时机从而降低糖尿病视网膜病变致盲率的唯一有效方法。(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2006,6:226~228)
简介:目的:探讨扭动模式超声乳化对年龄相关性白内障患者眼角膜的影响。方法:选取我院2012-01/2014-12眼科住院的年龄相关性白内障患者161例196眼,按随机化原则分为扭动模式组(A组)和传统模式组(B组),晶状体核硬度按照Emery标准进行分级。记录术中所使用的有效超声时间(ultrasoundtime,UST)、有效累积释放能量(cumulativedissipatedenergy,CDE),并比较术后最佳矫正视力(bestcorrectedvisualacuity,BCVA)、眼角膜水肿程度(cornealedemadegree,CED)、眼角膜中央厚度(centralcornealthickness,CCT)和眼角膜内皮细胞丢失率。结果:两组患者各级核硬度手术中所使用的UST和CDE比较,A组较B组低。术后的平均最佳矫正视力比较,术后1、7d时A组较B组高,而术后30d两组差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。眼角膜水肿和CCT比较,术后1、7d时A组较B组眼角膜水肿轻,平均CCT厚,术后30d两组患者差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。术后7、30d平均眼角膜内皮细胞计数比较,A组较B组高,丢失率低。结论:由于缩短了术中UST和减少了CDE,扭动模式超声乳化减轻了对眼角膜内皮细胞的损伤,使得患者术后恢复周期缩短,但并未根本解决超声乳化对眼角膜造成的损伤。
简介:目的分析白内障超声乳化加人工晶体植入联合小梁切除术中单切口术式和双切口术式对手术效果的影响.方法28例(31眼)青光眼合并白内障病例分为A、B两组.A组(单切口组):15例(17眼),巩膜隧道切口行白内障超乳+IOL植入+小梁切除术;B组(双切口组):13例(14眼),透明角膜切口行白内障超乳+IOL植入,上方做传统小梁切除术.分析比较两组术后眼压、视力及并发症情况,随访3-6月.结果术后随访3-6月,两组视力均有提高.眼压:A组术前平均眼压33.21mmHg,术后16.24mmHg;B组:术前平均眼压34.25mmHg,术后15.74mmHg.术后眼压与术前相比,两组均有明显差异性;术后平均眼压两组之间无明显差异性.术后并发症无明显差异,功能性滤过泡数量两组之间无明显差异.结论超乳青光眼白内障联合手术,单切口和双切口术式均有良好的降低眼压、提高视力的作用,是治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障安全、有效的方法.
简介:AIM:Toevaluatechangesintheanteriorchamberdepth(ACD),crystallinelensthickness(LT)anditsrefractivepowerafterlaserinsitukeratomileusis(LASIK).·METHODS:Inallcases,thepreoperativeandpostoperativecentralACDwhichweremeasuredwithPentacam,Orbscan,IOL-MasterandA-scanultrasonography,centralcornealtruenetpowerwhichwasmeasuredwiththePentacam,OrbscanandIOL-Master,axiallength(AL)whichwasmeasuredwithIOL-MasterandLTwhichwasmeasuredwiththeA-scanultrasonographywerecomparedusingthepairedsamplettest.OcularrefractiveerrorsandlensrefractivepoweratcornealplanewerecalculatedandtheircorrelationswerealsoevaluatedbeforeandafterLASIK.RESULTS:At1weekafterLASIK,LTandcrystallinelensrefractivepoweratcornealplane(Dlens)whichwereassociatedwiththeIOL-MasterandPentacamincreasedsignificantly(P≤0.005),ACDdecreasedsignificantly(P≤0.001),butnosignificantincreasewasobservedintheDlenswhichwasassociatedwiththeOrbscan(P=0.261).SignificantcorrelationsbetweenthechangesintheocularrefractiveerrorsandDlenswhichwereassociatedwiththePentacamwereobservedat1weekand6monthsafterLASIK(P=0.028;P=0.001).CONCLUSION:LTincreasedsignificantlyafterLASIK,andthismightpartiallyleadtoACDdecrease,Dlensincreaseandasmallquantityofmyopicregression.
简介:目的:对湖北地区20~29岁人群的角膜散光情况与不同近视度数的关系进行调查,找出其变化规律。方法:用角膜地形图对随机抽取的2254例湖北地区20~29岁青年居民进行散光度、轴向及近视度数的测定,并分析其变化规律。结果:湖北地区20~29岁居民中,各个近视度段散光在26°~150°范围内所占人数比例最大,各个近视度段均呈现顺规散光人数多于逆规散光。其中女性高度近视段约为75.3%,中度近视段约为82.7%,低度近视段约为87.2%;男性高度近视段约为74.6%,中度近视段约为83.0%,低度近视段约为82.3%。20~29岁男性高度近视段顺规散光人数比例高于其他两组;女性低度近视段顺规散光人数比例低于其他两组,差异有统计学意义。20~29岁人群中女性中度近视段顺规散光人数比例高于同近视度男性组,且女性总体组顺规散光人数比例高于男性总体组,差异有统计学意义。20~29岁男、女性高度近视组200°以内散光人数比例均低于中度近视组,差异有统计学意义。结论:湖北地区20~29岁居民中,各个近视度段散光在26°~150°范围内所占人数比例最大,且各个近视度段不论男女均呈现顺规散光人数多于逆规散光;男性高度近视段顺规散光人数比例高于其他两组,女性低度近视段顺规散光人数比例低于其他两组;女性中度近视段顺规散光人数比例高于同近视度男性组,且女性总体组顺规散光人数比例高于男性总体组;男、女性高度近视组200°以内散光人数比例均低于中度近视组。
简介:目的:分析最小量节段性外垫压手术治疗复杂原发性视网膜脱离的效果和手术并发症。方法:回顾性分析2006-10/2008-10在西安市第四医院眼科住院的、接受最小量节段性外垫压术治疗的连续的复杂原发性孔源性视网膜脱离76例。复杂原发性孔源性视网膜脱离限定为裂孔位于两个及两个以上象限,玻璃体视网膜病变分级在C1~C2。最小量节段性外垫压术是指仅限于裂孔区的节段性外垫压,联合前房穿刺放房水,术后裂孔周围激光凝固。分析其发病年龄、病程、手术前后视力、视网膜脱离范围、裂孔数目、裂孔形态、一次手术复位率、再次手术复位率、再次手术率及术后并发症,并行统计学处理。结果:患者发病年龄平均31.92(19~62)岁,平均病程为7.40(2.0~36.5)mo,视网膜脱离象限平均为3.33个,平均裂孔数量为3.43(2~7)个。手术后视力提高的患者为48例,一次手术复位率是84%(64/76);再次手术复位率是93%;再次手术率为38%。术后并发症包括:术后短期复视3例,短期高眼压12例,黄斑水肿2例,共17例。结论:和文献资料比较,以最小量手术治疗复杂原发性视网膜脱离可以取得与环扎手术同样的解剖及功能复位,但是再次手术率较高。强调手术适应证选择的重要性。
简介:AIM:ToanalyzecasesofobstructionofthenasolacrimalductwhichcreatesafertileenvironmentforsecondarybacterialInfectionandcanresultindacryocystitis,whichisaconstantthreattocorneaandorbitalsofttissueandapotentialsourceofendophthalmitisfollowingintraocularsurgery.Themajorityofobstructionsofthelacrimalexcretoryoutflowsystemareacquiredonesoccurringinadulthoodandinvolvingthedistalpartsofthesystem.Acquiredobstructionmaybeprimary/idiopathicorsecondarytoawidevarietyofinfectious,inflammatory,traumatic,mechanical,toxicorneoplasticcausesmimickingidiopathicinflammation.Thesecasesaretreatedbydacryocystorhinostomy(DCR).METHODS:Thepresentstudywasconductedtodeterminethehistopathologic,immunohistochemicalandcurrentmicrobiologiccharacteristicsoflacrimalsacspecimensinpatientsundergoingexternaldacryocystorhinostomy.RESULTS:Non-specificlacrimalsacpathologywaspresentinall33casesand81.8%ofthecasesshowedmoderatechronicinflammationwithachronicinflammatoryscore(CIS)rangingbetween4and6,whereas12.12%showedsevereinflammatorychangeswithaCISof7.Milddegreeofinflammationwasseenin6.06%withaCISof3.Thetotalprevalenceofgrampositive,gram-negative,andculture-negativesampleswere59.4%,37.5%,and3%respectively.CONCLUSION:Non-specificchronicinflammationwithfibrosisisindeedthemostcommonlyreportedhistopathologicalfindinginlacrimalsacwallbiopsyspecimens.
简介:AIM:Todescribethecharacteristicsofmodulationtransferfunction(MTF)ofanteriorcornealsurface,andobtainthethenormalreferencerangeofMTFatdifferentspatialfrequenciesandopticalzonesoftheanteriorcornealsurfaceinmyopes.·METHODS:Fourhundredeyesfrom200patientswereexaminedunderSIRIUScornealtopographysystem.PhoenisanalysissoftwarewasappliedtosimulatetheMTFcurvesofanteriorcornealsurfaceatverticalandhorizontalmeridiansatthe3,4,5,6,7mmopticalzonesofcornea.TheMTFvaluesatspatialfrequenciesof5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55and60cycles/degree(c/d)wereselected.·RESULTS:TheMTFcurveofanteriorcornealsurfacedecreasedrapidlyfromlowtointermediatefrequency(0-15cpd)atvariousopticalzonesofcornea,thevaluedecreasedto0slowlyathigherfrequency(>15cpd).Withtheincreaseoftheopticalzonesofcornea,MTFcurvedecreasedgradually.3)Intherangeof3mm-6mmopticalzonesofthecornea,theMTFvaluesmeasuredathorizontalmeridianweregreaterthanthecorrespondingvaluesathorizontalmeridianofeachspatialfrequency,thedifferencewasstatisticallysignificant(P<0.05).At7mmopticalzonesofcornea,theMTFvaluesmeasuredathorizontalmeridianwerelessthanthecorrespondingvaluesatverticalmeridianat10-60spatialfrequencies(cpd),andthedifferencewasstatisticallysignificantin25,30,35,40,45,50cpd(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:MTFcanbeusedtodescribetheimagingqualityofopticalsystemsatanteriorcornealsurfaceobjectivelyindetail.
简介:目的评价小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶体植入术对高度近视并发性白内障的临床疗效。方法对我院2006年4月~2010年5月期间实施小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘除术治疗的23例(28眼)高度近视(眼轴〉26mm)并发性白内障患者病案资料进行回顾性分析。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中3眼晶状体后囊膜破裂,1眼术后发生视网膜脱离,术后3d最佳矫正视力达0.3以上者21眼(75%),术后1个月最佳矫正视力达0.3以上者23眼(82%)。结论小切口白内障囊外摘除术治疗高度近视并发性白内障,术中及术后并发症少,术后视力恢复好,对手术设备要求不高,是基层医院治疗高度近视并发性白内障的理想术式。
简介:目的:研究视网膜血管疾病在印度喜马偕尔邦丘陵地带(海拔500~4500m)的患病模式/分布。方法:对西姆拉三级医院眼科自2008-08/2013-04期间的视网膜疾病患者进行回顾/前瞻性研究。选取5600位中的4323名患者作为研究对象。该数据均来自于医院记录,随后根据患者的年龄,性别分布情况和诊断结果进行分析。所有患者都进行了视力,屈光,裂隙灯和眼底检查。以眼底临床记录和眼底照相记录来确定诊断。应用眼底照像机(KowaFundusCameraVX-10)进行照相,必要时进行眼底荧光素血管造影。结果:在4323例患者中,男性视网膜疾病患者有2563例(59.29%),多于女性1760例(40.71%)。在525例(12.14%)糖尿病视网膜病变患者中,轻度非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变133例(3.08%),中度156例(3.60%),重度120例(2.78%),增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变116例(2.68%)。在393例(9.10%)高血压性视网膜病变患者中,I级高血压性视网膜病变患者130例(3.01%),II级111例(2.57%),III级131例(3.03%),IV级21例(0.49%)。在660例(15.27%)其他视网膜血管疾病中,视网膜分支静脉阻塞229例(5.30%),视网膜中央静脉阻塞55例(1.27%),半视网膜中央静脉阻塞8例(0.19%),视网膜中央动脉阻塞20例(0.46%),视网膜分支动脉阻塞4例(0.09%),眼部缺血综合征1例(0.02%),早产儿视网膜病变9例(0.21%),视网膜大动脉瘤5例(0.12%),近中心凹毛细血管扩张6例(0.14%),贫血性视网膜病变16例(0.37%),白血病视网膜病变10例(0.23%),视网膜前出血52例(1.20%),Coats病8例(0.19%),睫状视网膜动脉阻塞1例(0.02%)例,Eales病10例(0.23%),血管炎17例(0.39%)以及有临床意义的黄斑水肿209例(4.83%)。结论:糖尿病视网膜病变是最常见的视网膜血管疾病。视网膜疾病已经成为印度一个主要公共卫生问题。此研究将有利于对喜�
简介:目的:分析玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德术后继发性青光眼的发生率和危险因素。方法:对连续收治的256例有玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德适应证的各类眼底病患者实施单次玻璃腔注射4mg/0.1mL曲安奈德手术,观察其术后眼压变化情况。主要适应证包括湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性,其它原因如糖尿病性视网膜病变、视网膜中央静脉阻塞、视网膜分支静脉阻塞,视网膜静脉周围炎等引起的黄斑水肿性疾病。结果:256例256眼经至少3mo的追踪观察随访中,56眼发生继发性青光眼,发病率为21.9%。结论:继发性青光眼与年龄、性别、血压、糖尿病、玻璃体腔注药术的不同适应证、术前是否行白内障手术、是否行光动力治疗、是否行玻璃体切除手术等因素没有相关性。注药前青光眼病史的存在和基础眼压高于19mmHg等情况为术后继发性青光眼的显著危险因素。
简介:AIM:Toassesstheeffectivenessofimmunosuppressantsintheprophylaxisofcornealallograftrejectionafterhigh-riskkeratoplastyandnormal-riskkeratoplasty.METHODS:WesearchedtheCochraneCentralRegisterofControlledTrials(CENTRAL),MEDLINE,EMBASE,CNKI,VIPandreferencelistsofarticles.Dateofmostrecentsearch:18June,2011.Allrandomisedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)assessingtheuseofimmunosupressantsinthepreventionofgraftrejection,irrespectiveofpublicationlanguage.Twoauthorsassessedtrialqualityandextracteddataindependently.Onlydichotomousoutcomes(cleargraftsurvival,ratioofimmunereactionsandsideeffects)wereavailableandwereexpressedasrelativerisk(RR)and95%confidenceintervals(CI).RESULTS:Sevenstudieswereincludedinthisreview.Inthecomparingofmycophenolatemofetil(MMF)withplacebo,theresultsshowedMMFcouldsignificantlyreduceimmunereactionscomparedwithplacebo(RR1.0895%Cl0.95to1.21),butnoeffectoncleargraftsurvival(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35).Incleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions,MMFandcyclosporineA(CsA)showedsimilareffect(RR1.1195%Cl0.90to1.35,andRR1.48,95%Cl0.56to3.93,respectively).Tacrolimus(FK506)andsteroidshowedsimilareffectsoncleargraftsurvivalandimmunereactions(RR0.32,95%CI0.02to6.21,andRR1.00,95%CI0.88to1.14,respectively).Nodrugrelativesideeffecthasbeenfound.CONCLUSION:MMFmayreduceimmunereactionsinbothnormal-riskandhigh-riskrejectionofpenetratingkeratoplasty.CsAandFK506showedsimilareffectsasMMF.However,duetothelackoflargeclinicaltrials,theevidenceremainweak,thequalityofevidenceswereratedasverylowtomoderate.Large,properlyrandomised,placebo-controlled,doublemaskedtrialsareneededtoevaluatetheeffectofimmunosuppressants.
简介:AIM:Tocharacterizetemporalpatternofresolutionandrecurrenceofnaivechoroidalneovascularization(CNV)secondarytowetage-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD)treatedwithintravitrealbevacizumabonasneededregimen,andtoanalyzebaselineriskfactorsforCNVresolutionorrecurrence.METHODS:Ninety-oneeyesof80patientswithnewlydiagnosedwetAMDwereretrospectivelystudied.Alleyesweretreatedwitharoundofthreemonthlyintravitrealbevacizumabinjections,followedbyoneadditional’bonus’injectionafterresolutionofCNVactivity.Duringfollow-up,eyesweremonitoredwithfluoresceinangiography,opticalcoherencetomography,andbest-correctedvisualacuity(BCVA).IncaseofrecurrencesofCNVactivity,eyeswereretreatedwithotherroundsofbevacizumabinjectionsfollowingthesametreatmentprotocol.RESULTS:Overamedianfollow-upof532d,themedianresolutiontimeofCNVactivityinthefirst,second,andthirdtreatmentroundwas98d,126d,and111d,respectively.Themedianrecurrencetimeforthethreeroundswas154d,126d,and151d,respectively.Nosignificantdifferenceinresolutiontime(P=0.09)orinrecurrencetime(P=0.11)wasdetectedamongtreatmentrounds.Age(P=0.0082)andlensstatus(P=0.035)werefoundtobeassociatedwithCNVresolution;forevery1-yearincreaseinagetherewas4%greaterchanceofCNVresolution;Phakiceyesdemonstrateda33%betterchancetoexperienceCNVresolutionthanpseudophakiceyes.ForCNVrecurrence,lensstatus(P=0.0009)andgender(P=0.0446)werefoundtobepredictive;pseudophakiceyeshada3.69-foldgreaterrisktoexperiencerecurrenceofCNVactivitycomparedtophakiceyes;maleshada2.19-foldgreaterrisktoexperiencerecurrenceofCNVactivitythanfemales.NosignificantBCVAchangesamongthreetreatmentroundswerenoted(P=0.56).CONCLUSION:ResolutiontimeandrecurrencetimeofCNVactivitywerenotsignificantlydifferentamongtreatmentrounds,suggestingabsenceoftachyphylaxistobevacizumab.Acautiousdecisionshouldbemadeupondisco